223例早产儿视网膜病筛查回顾性分析

目的总结早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的临床高危因素以提高防治水平。方法回顾性分析223例早产儿ROP筛查结果,以ROP为观察组,非ROP为对照组,进行统计学分析。结果 ROP发生率18.39%(41/232),胎龄及出生体质量与ROP发生率成反比;吸氧时间、最高血氧分压、最低血氧分压、呼吸暂停、支气管肺发育不良、肺泡表面活性物质应用、贫血、输血、光疗、败血症与ROP发生相关(P<0.05)。结论 ROP的发生与小胎龄、低出生体质量、氧疗、贫血、感染、光疗等多种高危因素有关。预防早产,规范用氧,积极治疗并发症,重视ROP筛查是防治ROP的关键。     

早产儿视网膜病的筛查及其高危因素分析

目的 分析早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的危险因素,为合理防治ROP提供理论依据.方法回顾分析2006年7月至2008年5月,我院NICU住院的胎龄≤36周、出生体重≤2500 g行ROP筛查的1675例早产儿临床资料.记录早产儿的性别、胎数、孕周、出生体重、用氧情况、患全身疾病情况及孕母情况.同时用单因素χ~2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选和判定早产儿ROP发生的危险因素.结果 1675例早产儿中,发生ROP 195例,ROP患病率为11.6%.195例ROP患儿中,达到阈值前病变Ⅰ型或阈值病变者35例,占筛查早产儿的2.1%.ROP发生的相关因素分析发现,出生体重越低、胎龄越小、氧疗时间越长,ROP患病率越高.Logistic回归分析结果 表明,低出生体重、小胎龄、窒息、呼吸暂停、氧疗是ROP发生的高危因素(OR值分别为0.957、1.052、1.186、5.314、1.881).结论 低出生体重、小胎龄、窒息、呼吸暂停、氧疗是ROP发生的高危因素,建议对具有高危因素的所有早产儿均进行ROP筛查.     

早产儿视网膜病的影响因素

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的影响因素.方法 选择本院患ROP早产儿为观察组,32周以下的早产儿为对照组,对2组患儿胎龄、出生体质量、出生方式、性别、多胎、使用呼吸机时间、休克、呼吸暂停、新生儿寒冷损伤综合征、肺透明膜病(Ⅲ级以上)、严重感染、肺出血及并发症合计数等临床资料进行单因素分析,并对有意义的因素进行多因素Logistic分析.结果 本资料共有早产儿358例,胎龄均小于32周.ROP 34例,其中Ⅰ期13例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期3例.二组患儿窒息、呼吸暂停、新生儿寒冷损伤综合征、肺透明膜病、严重感染、肺出血等并发症的发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05),并发症合计数(OR=2.152,P=0.048)、使用呼吸机时间(OR=1.514,P=0.009)是危险因素.结论 早产儿ROP的发生率和发生并发症的多少及使用呼吸机的时间长短有关.在临床工作中要更多关注并发症的情况.     

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目的研究早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的发生率、高危因素。方法对2010年1~12月南京儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)收治的符合ROP筛查标准的早产儿,于生后4周或纠正胎龄32周开始由资深眼科医师开始行间接眼底镜检查眼底。结果 178例早产儿发生ROP11例,发生率为6.18%。对178例早产儿行单因素分析得出,胎龄、出生体重、窒息、机械通气、输血史、呼吸暂停、PDA与ROP的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停及机械通气是影响ROP发生的主要因素。结论早产是ROP发生的根本原因,预防早产,防治早产儿的各种并发症、规范氧疗是预防ROP的关键。     

早产儿视网膜病的危险因素分析及随访调查

研究早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发生率、高危因素、治疗与随访情况。方法对2005年7月-2007年12月温州医学院附属第一医院NICU收治的符合ROP筛查标准的早产儿,于生后2周开始由资深眼科医师开始行间接眼底镜检查眼底,并进行随访。结果434例早产儿中ROP的发生率为5.5%(24/434例),24例ROP中Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例。Ⅲ期阈值病变者行激光光凝治疗,全部患儿均恢复正常。对434例早产儿行单因素分析得出,胎龄、出生体重、住院时间、吸氧、吸氧浓度、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、新生儿肺透明膜病(RDS)、肺表面活性剂(PS)的应用、机械通气、输血、光疗时间、感染与ROP的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、出生体重、胎数、吸氧时间、光疗时间、代谢性酸中毒、母亲妊高症、颅内出血是影响ROP发生的主要因素。结论早产是ROP的根本原因,防治各种并发症、合理的氧疗是预防ROP的关键。建立完善有效的ROP筛查制度,早期发现、早期治疗ROP,可改善ROP的预后。     

75例早产儿视网膜病筛查结果分析

目的分析早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的发病情况，为防治ROP提供参考。方法对2005年1月1日～12月31日在北京海淀区妇幼保健院出生的孕周≤34周或出生体重≤2000g的早产儿生后4～6周开始定期检查眼底至周边视网膜血管化。根据早产儿视网膜病变国际分期标准进行诊断、分期。结果75例资料完整的早产儿中有5例发生ROP，患病率为6．7％，ROPⅠ期3例，Ⅱ期1例，Ⅲ期1例；按早产儿出生体重分为≤1500g组、≤2000g组、〉2000g组，三组ROP的发生率分别为40％、5％、3．3％；按早产儿胎龄分为≤30周组、≤32周组、≤34周组、〉34周组，四组ROP的发生率分别为40％、6．7％、5．4％、0；吸氧组ROP发生率高于未吸氧组，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论出生体重、胎龄及氧疗为ROP的发病高危因素；胎龄越小，出生体重越轻，ROP发病率越高；预防ROP的根本措施是减少早产的发生及合理用氧，对早产儿常规进行眼底检查，能及时发现ROP并加以治疗。     

早产儿视网膜病年度筛查报告

目的调查温州医学院附属育英儿童医院早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及其发病高危因素,初步对2004年我国卫生部制定的ROP筛查标准进行评价。方法对2007年1月1日-12月31日入住该院新生儿科并符合筛查标准的254例早产儿进行ROP筛查,即出生体重<2000g的早产儿,在婴儿出生后4～6周或矫正胎龄32周开始进行检查,随诊至周边视网膜血管化。再分别按英国推荐的ROP筛查标准(体重≤1500g或孕周≤31周)和美国推荐的ROP筛查标准(体重≤1500g或孕周≤28周)对筛查结果进行比较。结果在接受筛查的254例早产儿中,发生ROP24例,发生率为9.4%。其中Ⅰ期病变18例,Ⅱ期病变4例,Ⅲ期病变2例,2例需激光治疗,无失明病例。若按美国推荐的ROP筛选标准统计,将遗漏21例,其中包括2例需要激光光凝治疗;若按英国推荐的标准筛选,将遗漏8例,其中1例同样需要激光光凝治疗。本研究将出生体重在1500～2000g的早产儿再细分为4组进行比较,发现发生ROP的患儿基本集中在出生体重1501～1600g组,与其余3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),而在这组筛查患儿中出生体重在1601～2000g的患儿数远远多于1501～1600g患儿例数(165/30)。ROP相关因素的Logistic回归分析结果表明,孕周、出生体重、吸氧时间、机械通气、呼吸窘迫综合征、输血是发生ROP的高危因素。结论出生体重≤1600g的早产儿为ROP筛查标准更符合本地区的实际情况;对于出生体重>1600g的早产儿,根据患儿全身疾病情况有选择的进行筛查可减少漏诊率。孕周、出生体重、吸氧时间、机械通气、呼吸窘迫综合征、输血是发生ROP的高危因素。有必要根据更多的流行病学结果,制定出符合我国国情的ROP筛选标准。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查及相关因素分析

目的：分析我院早产儿视网膜病变( retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病情况,探讨其相关因素。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2014年9月我院新生儿科住院的182例早产儿(出生体重<2000 g或胎龄<37周)的临床资料。于生后第4~6周或纠正胎龄32周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。结果182例早产儿中筛查出不同程度ROP患儿32例,占17.6％,其中单眼10例,双眼22例。ROP患儿平均出生胎龄为(29.3±1.5)周,平均出生体重为(1280±240)g,其中ROP 1期11例,2期5例,3期16例,附加病变5例,住院期间18例患儿行视网膜激光光凝手术,2例行Lucentis球内注射。ROP组患儿与非ROP组在出生体重、胎龄、吸氧、肺表面活性物质应用、感染、窒息、输血方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、吸氧、机械通气、肺表面活性物质应用对ROP的发生有明显影响( P<0.05)。结论胎龄、出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停、感染等因素与ROP的发生有关,出生体重及胎龄越低,ROP发病率越高。     

早产儿视网膜病的危险因素分析

目的前瞻性调查早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的发病率,并分析其相关危险因素。方法对2005年1月1日至2007年10月31日收治的胎龄<34周、出生体重<2000g的早产儿和低出生体重儿,按时进行ROP筛查,并记录完整的临床资料,调查ROP发病率并分析相关危险因素。结果345例早产儿纳入研究,完成ROP随访323例,42例发生ROP(13.0%),手术6例(1.9%)。危险因素分析提示,窒息、吸氧时间>5d、感染、贫血、酸中毒与ROP相关(P<0.05),胎龄(OR=0.751)、呼吸暂停(OR=2.028)、感染(OR=2.794)和输血(OR=2.136)是ROP独立作用的因素。结论本研究ROP发病率为13.0%,窒息、吸氧时间>5d、贫血、感染、酸中毒与ROP相关,胎龄、呼吸暂停、感染、输血是ROP的独立危险因素。     

浙江地区早产儿视网膜病筛查1225例分析

目的 了解早产儿ROP发病状况,探索早产儿ROP筛查的临床策略.方法 按照"早产儿治疗痒和视网膜病变防治指南"中的ROP筛查标准用间接眼底镜对浙江两家医院新生儿监护室(NICU)住院的早产儿进行ROP筛查.结果 2005年3月至2008年11月间共筛查1225例住院早产儿,发生ROP132例(10.8%),高风险阈前ROP12例(0.98%),阈值ROP4例(0.3%);其中未吸氧的早产儿65例,发生低风险阈前ROP1例(1.5%);两者差异有极显著性意义(x2=5.115,P＜0.01).有与无ROP组出生体重或胎龄的比较,差异均有极显著意义(分别F=26.39,19.73,P＜0.001);与出生体重或胎龄呈负相关(r=-0.145,-0.126,P＜0.000).不同出生体重或胎龄的早产儿发生ROP的比较,差异亦有极显著意义(x2=39.53,31.40,P＜0.001);体重≤1000 g的早产儿发生ROP是体重＞1000 g的3倍多,胎龄≤28周的早产儿发生ROP是＞28周的2.5倍.性别和多胎与ROP无明显相关性,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.279,3.449,P＞0.05).高风险阈前和阈值ROP与患儿反复呼吸暂停、多次窒息抢救及当地用氧抢救史相关(r=0.54,0.57,0.57,P＜0.05).阈值ROP患儿均有氧依赖、反复呼吸暂停及窒息.结论 ROP的发生与出生体重和胎龄负相关,体重≤1000 g或胎龄≤28周的有吸氧史的早产儿在筛查中要予以特别关注;通过筛查,ROP及时发现并在阈值期得到治疗,减少了盲童.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.