唇腭裂牙槽植骨术前正畸对植骨疗效的影响

目的探讨牙槽突植骨前正畸治疗对于完全性唇腭裂牙槽突植骨长期疗效的影响.方法选择牙弓狭窄、上颌后牙舌倾或扭转并伴有前牙反、牙槽植骨手术不宜进行的完全性腭裂患者11例,男7例,女4例,患者年龄范围8-22岁,进行牙槽植骨术前正畸治疗.术后定期拍摄上颌体腔片/上颌前部咬合片,术后观察时间0.5-3年,牙槽骨高度的评价采用Bergland标准进行.结果11例完全性唇腭裂的病人,经过牙槽植骨术前正畸后,上颌牙弓开展明显,后牙反由于牙弓开展而减小或解除,磨牙间距明显增加.前牙扭转和舌倾明显改善,为牙槽二期植骨术创造了良好的条件.牙槽突植骨的临床成功率为88%.结论对于牙弓狭窄,错畸形严重的唇腭裂患者,应该在植骨术前进行正畸治疗,提高牙槽突植骨的疗效.     

术前正畸联合可吸收胶原生物膜用于牙槽突裂植骨修复30例分析

目的探讨术前正畸联合术中应用可吸收胶原生物膜对单侧牙槽突裂植骨效果的影响。方法选择牙弓狭窄、上颌前牙舌倾或扭转、牙槽突裂隙不规则、难以进行牙槽突裂植骨术的单侧完全性牙槽突裂患者30例,年龄9-13岁,先进行植骨前正畸治疗,再应用髂骨松质骨加可吸收胶原生物膜覆盖行植骨修复,术后定期拍X线片检查,观察植骨效果。牙槽骨高度评价标准采用Bergland标准进行,术后观察期为1—3年。结果30例患者术后成骨情况I型11例,Ⅱ型17例,植骨成功率达93．3％。结论对于上颌牙弓狭窄、牙槽突裂隙不规则、牙颌畸形严重的牙槽突裂患者,建议先行植骨前正畸治疗,植骨术中联合应用可吸收胶原生物膜可有效提高植骨成功率。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者牙弓间宽度不调的矫治

目的　通过对单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌间牙弓宽度不调的研究及对患者正畸治疗的临床观察 ,总结该类患者正畸治疗的特点。方法　对 4 8例单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者进行临床检查 ,记录其上下牙弓间的宽度关系 ;根据患者错情况制定不同的治疗方案进行临床治疗。结果　 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者中出现上下颌牙弓宽度不调的比率为 6 0 .4 % ,双侧后牙反为 33.3% ,单侧后牙反为 16 .7%。男女之间差异无显著性。 (2 )宽度不调以双尖牙区为重 ,上尖牙区是扩弓治疗的重点。 (3)磨牙区牙弓宽度的不协调常较轻微 ,一些患者甚至上颌最后磨牙区略宽 ,对 5例患者 (占 10 4 % )进行了上颌磨牙的腭向移动。结论　单侧完全性唇腭裂患者正畸治疗中上颌多需扩弓 ,且扩弓潜力较大。对于严重拥挤的患者 ,拔牙决定应在扩弓后作出。扩弓治疗应在牙槽突植骨前进行 ,扩弓后需延长保持时间     

唇腭裂术后牙颌畸形的综合性治疗

目的唇腭裂术后患者牙颌畸形严重,上颌骨生长发育受限,前牙及全牙弓反的发生率明显高于普通患者。本文对这部分患者进行了有效的综合性治疗,并对正畸与植骨及正颌外科手术的关系进行探讨。方法临床选择45例唇腭裂术后患者,男性27例,女性18例;单侧唇腭裂33例,双侧唇腭裂12例;年龄范围7-25岁,平均年龄13岁。对其进行不同类型的矫治设计,并以方丝弓固定矫治器为主要矫治方法。结果正畸治疗后,上下颌牙齿排列整齐、牙弓形态恢复,对上颌牙弓过窄的患者采用四角腭弓、快速螺簧开大器及开展牙弓矫治、效果显著。其中单纯正畸矫冶患者6例;正畸矫治配合牙槽突裂植骨术30例;正畸矫治、植骨、正颌手术联合治疗患者9例。均取得良好的牙齿排及咬合关系。结论唇腭裂术后患者牙颌畸形的矫治是一种多学科的综合性治疗,对严重的(颌面异常的患者,应进行早期的正畸治疗,适时进行齿槽突植骨术,使上颌连为一体,对严重的骨性Ⅲ类成人患者,应与正颌手术联合矫治,而使患者的面型及咬合功能同时得到良好的改善。     

唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨二维与三维影像评价方法的对比分析

目的　探讨二维X线片与CT扫描及三维重建在评价唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效中的一致性。方法　选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以上的唇腭裂 9例 (单侧完全性唇腭裂 8例 ,双侧完全性唇腭裂 1例 ) ,牙槽突裂隙为 10侧。年龄范围 12～ 2 6岁 ,平均年龄 15 5岁。患者首先拍摄上颌前部咬合片 ,经Bergland分级标准确定为 :Ⅰ型 :2侧 ;Ⅱ型 :2侧 ;Ⅲ型 :5侧 ;Ⅳ型 :1侧。在上颌前部咬合片拍摄后的 2个月内 ,进行上颌骨CT扫描及三维重建。结果　上颌前部咬合片所示裂隙植骨区牙槽骨的高度被CT证实。CT检查发现有 2个裂隙植骨区存在唇、腭侧凹陷。结论　唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后 ,在正畸前仍然可以使用上颌前部咬合片进行牙槽突植骨疗效的评价。但同时应注意观察X线片植骨区牙槽骨的密度和临床检查 ,必要时应该进行CT检查     

唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂植骨术前使用半固定式四眼圈簧扩大上牙弓的正畸治疗

目的探讨半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器对伴有上牙弓狭窄的唇腭裂患者的扩弓效果。方法选择15例需行牙槽突裂植骨术的唇腭裂患者,术前正畸治疗先采用半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器扩大上牙弓,测量扩弓前、中、后的上颌左右尖牙、第一前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度的变化。结果经过半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器扩弓治疗的患者,均在5个月左右的时间内有效地扩大了上牙弓。正畸治疗后上牙弓扩大,牙齿排列基本整齐,为牙槽突裂植骨术提供了良好的条件。结论半固定式四眼圈簧矫治器可有效扩大唇腭裂患者的上牙弓,同时配合固定正畸治疗,疗效确切,使用方便。     

完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨手术前后的正畸治疗

目的对植骨术前后的正畸治疗对象、适应证进行探讨。方法本组２０例唇腭裂患者分别于植骨术前０５～１年采用方丝弓、细丝弓固定矫治器或活动矫治器进行治疗，并根据患者不同情况增加上颌扩弓装置。结果经正畸治疗后，上颌牙齿排列整齐，牙齿扭转得到纠正，牙弓形态正常，裂区两侧倾斜牙齿扶正，为植骨提供了良好的间隙。２０例植骨手术均成功，伤口Ｉ期愈合，骨密度正常。结论牙槽突植骨术前后正畸治疗是唇腭裂序列治疗的重要组成部分，正畸治疗为顺利进行植骨术提供了可靠的保证，也使唇腭裂患者的牙形态及功能得到明显的改善     

唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨二维与三维图像评价方法的对比分析

目的：探讨二维X线片与CT扫描及三维重建在评价唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效中的一致性。方法：选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以 上的唇腭裂9例（单侧完全性唇腭裂8例，双侧完全性唇腭裂1例），牙槽突裂隙为10侧。年龄范围12－26岁，平均年龄15．5岁。患者首先拍摄上颌前部啼合片，经Bergland分级标准确定为：Ⅰ型：2侧；Ⅱ型：2侧；Ⅲ型：5侧；Ⅳ型；1侧。在上颌前部咬合片拍摄后的2个月内，进行上颌骨CT扫描及三维重建。结果：上颌前部咬合片所示裂隙植骨区牙槽骨的高度被证实CT证实。CT检查发现有2个裂隙植骨区存在唇、腭侧凹陷。结论：唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后，在正畸前仍然可以使用上颌前部咬合片进行牙槽突植骨疗效的评价。但同时应注意观察X线片植骨区牙槽骨的密度和临床检查，必要时应该进行CT检查。     

牙槽突裂的裂隙特点及正畸治疗对唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨术的影响

牙槽突裂是位于唇腭裂患者上颌牙弓处的骨缺损,常发生于侧切牙与尖牙之间。由于先天性裂隙、早期手术治疗所致瘢痕挛缩及唇肌压迫等原因,患者多并发严重的上颌骨横向发育障碍。牙槽突植骨术作为唇腭裂序列治疗中的重要步骤,是修补上颌骨裂隙和矫正上颌横向发育不足的有效手段。众多临床实践及研究发现,正畸治疗的时机选择与牙槽突植骨术的成功率及预后效果密不可分,同时,牙槽突裂的裂隙特点对牙槽突植骨术产生的影响也不可忽视。本文就牙槽突裂的裂隙特点与正畸治疗时机对牙槽突植骨术成功率及预后的影响两方面进行综述,以期为唇腭裂患者临床治疗方案的选择及实验研究的设计提供一定的依据。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者植骨术后尖牙的牵引助萌

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者常伴有牙槽嵴裂,而裂隙侧的尖牙多发生阻生,即使在适当的年龄做了牙槽嵴植骨术,也常会出现尖牙阻生。本文介绍一例单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者经过术前扩弓治疗后进行牙槽突裂植骨,植骨术后正畸治疗完成尖牙牵引助萌。     

Long-term outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with various types of cleft

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with various types of cleft. DESIGN: One hundred and seventy patients were classified as cleft lip and alveolar process alone (CLAP), complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The Bergland criteria were used to assess the long-term outcome of alveolar bone grafting. RESULTS: In the UCLP and BCLP groups, the success rate was significantly better (P<0.05) when the cleft was grafted before the eruption of canines. When the operation was done after the eruption of canines, there was a significant difference in the success rate between CLAP and BCLP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The timing of the operation was the critical variable that affected the outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. The severity of the deformity influenced the success rate when alveolar bone grafting was done after the eruption of canines.     

大龄腭裂患者同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的临床观察

目的：探讨８岁以上单侧完全性腭裂患者同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的可行性及植骨效果。方法：对３８例同期腭裂修复与齿槽嵴裂植骨的腭裂患者作回顾性研究。患者年龄８～２４岁,平均年龄为１４．８岁。分析手术时间、术中出血、术后恢复和创口愈合情况。术后随访１２月以上,对随访的Ｘ线片进行植骨效果的客观评价。结果：所有手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间比单纯改良兰氏腭裂修复手术多３７ｍｉｎ,没有明显增加术中出血量,患者     

唇腭裂患者上颌前部牙槽骨厚度及骨开窗、骨开裂的三维评价研究

目的　利用锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）评价不同类型唇腭裂患者上颌前部牙槽骨厚度和形态,以及上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂情况。方法　选择016年8月至019年10月间在南京医科大学附属口腔医院就诊拟行口腔正畸治疗的唇腭裂患者85例（男51例,女34例,平均年龄（14.65±4.95）岁）,其中单侧唇裂伴牙槽突裂（unilateral cleft lip and alveolus,UCLA）患者19例,单侧完全性唇腭裂（unilateral complete cleft lip and palate,UCLP）患者5例,双侧完全性唇腭裂（bilateral complete cleft lip and palate,BCLP）患者14例。在正畸治疗开始前均予以拍摄颌面部CBCT,应用Image J软件测量其上前牙唇腭侧牙槽骨厚度（alveolar bone thickness,ABT）,计算骨开窗、骨开裂发生率,并比较不同唇腭裂类型患者上颌前部ABT及上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂发生率的差异。结果　UCLP、UCLA患侧上前牙骨开裂发生率（34.9%、4.9%）显著高于其健侧（10.7%、11.1%）,但骨开窗发生率无统计学差异。UCLP健侧上中切牙（5.9%）、侧切牙（9.7%）骨开裂发生率低于UCLA。UCLA、UCLP、BCLP三组间患侧上前牙骨开裂及骨开窗发生率均无统计学差异。UCLP、UCLA患侧上前牙ABT在多部位小于其健侧。除UCLP/UCLA患侧侧切牙外,UCLA、UCLP、BCLP各类型上前牙唇侧平均ABT均小于腭侧。UCLA、UCLP、BCLP三组间患侧上前牙唇腭侧平均ABT无统计学差异。UCLP患侧上侧切牙、尖牙分别在唇侧和腭侧根颈处ABT大于UCLA。结论　单侧唇腭裂患者患侧上前牙骨开裂发生率高于健侧,ABT则在多部位小于其健侧;而三种类型患者上前牙唇侧ABT均小于其腭侧。单侧唇裂伴牙槽突裂与单侧完全性唇腭裂患者健侧上中切牙、侧切牙骨开裂发生率及患侧侧切牙、尖牙根颈处牙槽骨厚度存在差异;单侧与双侧完全性唇腭裂间上前牙骨开窗、骨开裂发生率及牙槽骨厚度则无差异。     

Usefulness of simultaneous pre-maxillary osteotomy and bone grafting in the bilateral clefts

Bilateral cleft lip and palate patients sometimes accompany with mal-positioned premaxilla, which adversely affect the upper lip morphology, especially widened naso-labial angle as well as functional deteriorations such as speech impairment though the fistula in between the alveolar segments. Usefulness of simultaneous premaxillary osteotomy and bone grafting was tested in respect of grafted bone resorption rate and required bone volume.Between January, 2001 and December, 2003, seven patients (seven years and eight months to 16 years old; average 9.7 +/- 2.87, 2 females and 5 males) with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate patients were performed the simultaneous premaxillary osteotomy and bone grafting, whereas in the same period of between January, 2001 and December, 2003, four patients (seven years and 11 months to 11 years old; average 9.2 +/- 1.01, 4 female and 6 males) with complete bilateral alveolus in order to compare cancellous bone volumes to relatively milder and less-protruded premaxilla. The bone grafting was performed in two-stage manner as one side and later, the other side. The bone volume required for cleft packing was significantly lower in osteotomized cases compared to those of non-osteotomized (3.5 +/- 0.69 mL vs. 5.6 +/- 0.70 mL, P < 0.01). There were twenty for non-osteotomized cases (10 bilateral clefts) and fourteen osteotomized (7 bilateral clefts) were evaluated. Overall, majority of both groups demonstrated the grade I (10/20 for non-osteotomized, 12/14 for osteotomized group). There was significant lower bone resorption rate in osteotomized group compared to the non-osteotomized group (1.1 +/- 0.36, 1.7 +/- 0.75, osteotimized, non-osteotomized, respectively, P < 0.05). The simultaneous premaxillary osteotomy and bone grafting is beneficial over staged bone grafting in bilateral cleft cases in requiring bone chio volume and subsequent bone resorption rate. The meticulous dissection and re-location of the premaxilla improves the overall lip morphology.     

CT在唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效评价中的应用

目的 探讨唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨后牙槽骨三维结构,以确保唇腭裂牙槽突植骨术后正畸 治疗的顺利进行。方法 选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以上的唇腭裂患者７名,病人的唇腭类型 分别为：单侧完全性唇腭裂６人,双侧完全性唇腭裂１人,牙槽突裂隙为８侧。病人的平均年龄为１５岁, 年龄范围 １１岁至 ２６岁。ＣＴ扫描平面与　面平行,从眶下缘至牙冠的根 １／３,每 ２毫米扫一层并进行三维 重建。结果ＣＴ可以真正反映唇腭裂牙槽突植骨部位的三维结构,能够发现唇腭侧存在的骨骼缺陷,有 利于唇腭裂序列治疗的顺利进行。结论 唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后,正畸治疗前采用ＣＴ这一先进手段进行 裂隙部位牙槽骨高度的三维评价,对于牙槽突植骨后正畸治疗及唇腭裂序列治疗具有十分重要的意义, 使牙槽突植骨的评价进入了三维时代。     

唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨临床常用评价方法的分析

目的随机选择52例单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,其中男性31人,女性21人,牙槽突植骨手术进行时,病人的年龄范围9至26岁,平均年龄15.2岁。方法在牙槽突植骨手术后对病人定期随访并拍摄上颌前部咬合片和上颌体腔片。分析上述两种X线片在评价牙槽裂隙部位牙槽骨高度的作用时,使用同一天拍摄的上颌体腔片和上颌前部咬合片。拍摄所分析的X线片时,裂隙侧尖牙已经萌出。评价标准采用1986年Bergland等所提出的临床分级方法进行。每种X线片分别进行两次评价,两次评价间间隔一周。结果上颌前部咬合片和上颌体腔片在评价牙槽突植骨部位的牙槽骨高度上没有本质的区别。结论正畸治疗前判断牙槽突高度时,既可以选择上颌体腔片也可以选择上颌前部咬合片。     

Partial inferior turbinectomy during secondary alveolar bone grafting

This study examined the characteristics and outcome of patients undergoing partial inferior turbinectomy during secondary alveolar bone grafting. Thirty-three of 55 patients with cleft lip and palate or cleft lip and alveolus who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting concurrently received partial inferior turbinectomy to ensure that the height of the nasal floor was similar on the cleft side and non-affected side. At the time of surgery, patients who underwent turbinectomy were significantly older than those who did not undergo the procedure. The proportion of patients who underwent turbinectomy was significantly higher among patients with cleft lip and palate than among those with cleft lip and alveolus. These differences apparently reflected the developmental stage of the inferior turbinate and the relative severity of alveolar and palatal defects. In most patients who underwent partial inferior turbinectomy, postoperative X-ray films revealed excellent bone formation at the graft site. Our findings suggest that partial inferior turbinectomy during secondary alveolar bone grafting is a very useful procedure that facilitates dissection to the height of the nasal floor, reconstruction of the mucosal nasal floor, and formation of a sufficient bone bridge. It also promotes alveolar cleft closure, especially in patients with wide bone defects.     

Primary alveolar cleft bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate: arch dimensions at age 8.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether primary alveolar cleft bone grafting in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (N = 17) leads to less favorable dental arch dimensions at age 8 when compared with other 8-year-old patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who received no alveolar bone grafting procedures (N = 49). Dental casts were obtained for the primary grafted group, and arch lengths and widths were digitally recorded with a reflex microscope. These arch dimensions were then compared with the reported data for a nongrafted group and a noncleft group of 8-year-old children. The major findings were: 1) that the dental arches of both cleft groups generally demonstrated a significant diminution in length and width (P < 0.05) compared with the noncleft groups, and 2) that the patients who underwent primary alveolar cleft bone grafting showed no statistically significant difference for any arch dimension (P < 0.05) when compared with the nongrafted group lacking this additional surgical procedure.