Calcium ions and morphological changes in the arterial wall after subarachnoid hemorrhage,with special reference to human subjects

In order to clarify the relationship between calcium mobilization and morphological changes in the arterial wall after subarachnoid hemorrhage, electron microscopic histochemical assessments of the intracellular calcium in the arterial wall of human subjects showing vasospasm angiographically were conducted. Intracellular calcium ions in the arterial wall after subarachnoid hemorrhage were significantly more numerous than those of the control specimens. However, reaction products of calcium ions in the arterial wall were distributed mainly in the areas which morphologically revealed spastic changes such as myonecrosis and vacuoles, and there were no or extremely few reaction products of calcium ions in the areas showing no morphological changes in the arterial wall. These findings were consistent with the data for a feline model with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage previously studied by the authors and indicated that increased intracellular calcium mobilization detected histochemically might be related to the morphological changes in the arterial wall after subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

Post-Fontan care based on hemodynamic characteristics, with special reference to the central venous pressure

Changes in the hemodynamics of six patients having received Fontan-like operations were closely observed during the first 48 h after the operation. Catheterization studies and simultaneous angiocardiography were also performed before and after the operation. Hemodynamic derangement was particularly severe during the first 24 h postoperatively as indicated by a low cardiac output of less than 2.01/min/m2, which persisted in spite of very high central venous pressure. Furthermore, the central venous pressure needed to re-establish the circulation soon after the Fontan procedure significantly correlated with the angiocardiographically assessed preoperative size of distal pulmonary arteries. Accordingly, the preoperative evaluation of the distal pulmonary arterial size is very important, that provides a good guide-line for the degree of circulatory volume expansion necessary to elevate the central venous pressure and to sustain the circulation in the early postoperative period.     

Recurrence risks in a consecutive series of congenitally malformed children dying in the perinatal period

During a 4 1/2-year period a special study of 207 consecutive perinatal deaths, including clinical, genetical, roentgenological and autopsy investigations, was undertaken with the aim of identifying inherited malformations with a high risk of recurrence to subsequent sibs. Fifty-three of the children dying perinatally were malformed. In 13 cases the cause of the malformation was purely genetic; 11 were caused by mutant genes of large effect, and two by chromosomal aberrations. Information from such a study provides a good basis for genetic counselling of the family.     

Clinical pathology of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis. 2. Clinical, morphological and statistical studies with special reference to precancerous changes

Data on 13 different clinical, histological and environmental factors were obtained from 54 patients with hyperplastic laryngitis (HL). They were evaluated by multiple linear factor analysis. HL can be considered to be a complex clinico-morphological entity. Precancerous changes in the larynx were closely correlated with the grade of HL. Etiologically only a weak association with tobacco and alcohol use could be found. The development of the disease was independent of age, sex, nasal function and of other chemical, physical or mechanical factors.     

Clinicopathological studies of carcinoma oesophagus with special reference to changes in surrounding epithelium

A total 17 cases of carcinoma oesophagus were studied in a period of 2 years. Ten patients (58.82%) were males and rest were females. Maximum cases (64.70%) were seen in 5th and 6th decades. Majority of the patients belonged to low socio-economic group (47.05%) followed by middle socio-economic group (41.17%). Dysphagia was present in all cases, followed by weight loss 52.94% and other symptoms. Cancer was equally distributed in middle third and lower third of the oesophagus (41.18% in each group) only in 3 cases it was in upper third of the oesophagus. Histologically 70.5% tumours were squamous cell carcinoma, 17.64% were adenocarcinoma and 11.76% were undifferentiated carcinoma. Surrounding epithelium in 17.64 per cent cases showed chronic oesophagitis, 4 cases (23.52%) showed acanthosis and dysplasia, and two cases revealed carcinoma in situ. Hence findings of oesophagitis, acanthosis, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ suggest that oesophagitis and acanthosis may be considered as precancerous lesions.     

Practical evaluation of the Figlu test in pregnancy with special reference to the white cell changes

Using slight modifications to the method of Kohn, Mollin, and Rosenbach (1961) the histidine loading test has been carried out in 210 pregnant women. Seventy per cent. of the cases showed complete haematological correlation and this rose to 87% when marrow puncture was performed. False positive results occurred in some cases showing active erythropoiesis in response to iron therapy. False negative results were noted when other complications in addition to anaemia were present, and it was felt that these might interfere with the metabolism of histidine. In some cases the histidine test anticipated the haematological change.     

Peripheral development of the avian vagus nerve with special reference to the morphological innervation of heart and lung

Summary The development of the cardio-pulmonary innervation was studied in whole-mount specimens of chick embryos stained with the anti-neurofilament protein (NFP) antibody. From the morphological point of view, vagal branches could be classified into two categories, i.e., the branchial branches primarily related to the pharnygeal arches, and intestinal arborization derivatives which are associated primarily with the primitive gut. The former consisted of the superior cardiac branch innervating the truncus arteriosus of the heart, and the latter, the sinal branch, pulmonary branches as well as recurrent nerve and the other intestinal branches. The superior cardiac branch at first develops as a pair of branchial branches which passes into the truncus arteriosus at stage 25, and later rotates along the aortic arch 6, thus making an asymmetrical configuration by stage 27. The sinal branch is a medial branch which first develops at stage 24. It arises from the junction of each intestinal arborization in close association with the pulmonary branch.     

Structural changes in enterocyte membranes in acholia with special reference to microtopographically different carbohydrases

Activity of surface and intracellular carbohydrases was compared in rats with chronic total loss of bile. The function of adsorbed amylase, a glycocalyx marker, is disturbed by a much greater degree than the function of invertase, a marker of the plasma membrane proper.Central Research Laboratory, Tashkent Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 22–24, July, 1978.     

A morphological study of the kidney in the Japanese fetus with special reference to their external form, size and number of minor calix

There are few anatomical reports on the fetal kidney than on adult human and animal kidneys. This paper reports the size, weight, ratio of renal hilus, number of minor calix and number of renal lobe in Japanese fetal kidneys. Fifty kidneys of 25 fetuses (3, 8, 8 and 6 bodies in 5, 6, 7 and 8 months, respectively) were used in this study. The length, width, thickness and weight of kidneys were measured, and the renal lobes were counted. The relative size of the hilus was then calculated by the ratio of the area of hilus to that of the medial surface of the kidneys. Latex rubber was injected in the ureters, taken out of the calico-pelvic system from the kidneys, and the number of minor calix in these specimens were counted. There were no significant sex difference and right and left difference in the kidney weight, ratio of renal hilus, number of minor calix and number of lobes. When these kidneys were observed at 5, 6, 7 and 8 months, the kidney weight and ratio of renal hilus were correlated with fetal age, but the numbers of lobe and minor calix were not. Comparing the results mentioned above with those of adult kidneys, it was shown that kidney weight and ratio of renal hilus area to the medial surface area of the kidneys gradually increased from fetus to adult. There was also a significant difference in the number of minor calix between adult and fetal kidneys. There was no correlation between the number of renal lobe and the number of minor calix.