Vaccinations with T-helper type 1 directing adjuvants have different suppressive effects on the development of allergen-induced T-helper type 2 responses

BACKGROUND: Allergen-induced T-helper type 2 (Th2) responses can be inhibited with Th1 directing vaccines. However, studies comparing the efficacy of the different adjuvants have not been performed in detail. OBJECTIVE: For this reason we compare the effects of live Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin(BCG), heat-killed (hk)-BCG, CpG-ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) or PPD on the development of allergen-induced Th2 responses in mice. METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific allergic responses were induced in C57BL/6 mice by two intraperitoneally (i.p.) applications of OVA/alum followed by the intranasal challenge with OVA. The different Th1-inducing adjuvants were applied to the mice together with OVA/alum i.p. during the OVA-sensitization period and, subsequently, different parameters of allergic immune responses were evaluated. RESULTS: All the adjuvants were effective in inhibiting the development of allergen-induced airway eosinophilia, mucous production and, with the exception of PPD, also airway hyper-reactivity, when they were applied together with OVA/alum. However, allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE serum levels were only reduced in live BCG- and PPD-treated mice. Suppression of airway eosinophilia was not observed in IFN-gamma- or IL-12-deficient mice (hk-BCG, CpG-ODN and PPD). Interestingly, live BCG was still able to suppress allergen-induced Th2 responses in the absence of either IFN-gamma or IL-12. When mice vaccinated with the different adjuvants together with OVA/alum were subjected to a second period of OVA/alum immunization, only live and hk-BCG were able to efficiently suppress the development of airway inflammation. This effect could be adoptively transferred by splenic CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together our data suggest that live BCG>hk-BCG>CpG-ODN >PPD are effective in suppressing allergen-induced Th2 responses. The degree of suppression and the component of the Th2 response affected (airway inflammation vs. the production of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1) were dependent upon the adjuvant used and how it was applied. Our results contribute to the design of novel vaccines protecting humans from developing allergic disorders.     

Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following HIV-1 immunization in seronegative volunteers

The Th1/Th2 profile that follows human vaccination may profoundly influence the subsequent course of disease after infection. However, the ability to detect IL-4 has been limited outside trials of live vaccination. By using methods in which memory effector cells are allowed to antigenically expand by short term culture, followed by low-dose mitogenic stimulation, we have been able to follow the Th1/Th2 profile in HIV-1^?volunteers enrolled in two phase I studies of HIV immunogens (a recombinant gp120 and a multivalent, octomeric V3 loop peptide). Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) could be detected in primary stimulation, but IL-4 was observed only after antigenic expansion and restimulation. In both of these studies the responses after initial immunizations were dominated by IFN-γ, with IL-4 appearing only after multiple rounds of immunization, and IL-4 was temporally related to antibody production. Concomitant with the IL-4 production, the amount of supernatant IFN-γ declined. Antigen-specific IL-10 was not detected in either study. Such techniques, which have been shown to correlate with outcomes in immunotherapy, may prove useful as future surrogates of human vaccine response.     

Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in recurrent aborters with successful pregnancy and with subsequent abortions

BACKGROUND: This study compared Th1-Th2 cytokine profiles in a subgroup of recurrent aborters who had an abortion with those in a subgroup of recurrent aborters who had a successful pregnancy. METHODS: Fifty-four women with a history of at least three normal pregnancies, 24 women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) followed by abortion (RSA-->A) and 39 women with a history of RSA followed by normal pregnancy (RSA-->N) were studied. Blood samples and placentas were obtained at the time of delivery or abortion; peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated separately with phytohaemagglutinin and with autologous placental cells, and the secreted cytokines estimated. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the RSA-->N subgroup secreted higher concentrations of Th1-type cytokines as compared with normal pregnant women, indicating a higher Th1 bias in these women. However, women in the RSA-->N subgroup had significantly higher concentrations of Th2 cytokines as compared with women in the RSA-->A subgroup. A comparison of Th1:Th2 cytokine ratios indicated a higher Th2 bias in RSA-->N women as compared with RSA-->A women. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that abortion-prone women who proceed to have successful pregnancy are more Th2-biased than abortion-prone women who abort, and that recurrent aborters who undergo spontaneous abortion have a stronger Th1 bias than aborters who have normal pregnancy.     

Analysis of apoptosis and a Th1/Th2 phenotype in HIV-infected patients

Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, underwent apoptosis upon in vitro culture. We found that the percentage of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 200 CD4 cells/μl) (60%) than in patients at earlier stage (> 500 CD4 cells/μl) (35%). Serum IgE levels increased in two of six patients at last stage and in two of five patients at earlier stage. Spontaneous production of both IL-2 and IL-10, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 48 h in culture, was greater in HIV-infected subjects and increased with disease progression. IFN-γ production was greater in HIV-infected subjects but there was no evident change with disease progression. IL-4 production was barely detectable or not detected in both HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals. These results indicate that spontaneous apoptosis is associated with advanced disease. However, there was no evidence of in vivo switch from the Th1 to Th2 phenotype in HIV-infected patients.     

Phenytoin promotes Th2 type immune response in mice

The effects of chronic administration of phenytoin, a common anticonvulsive drug, on immune responses were studied in mice. Anti-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) IgE antibody response after KLH-immunization was enhanced in phenytoin-treated mice. Proliferative responses of spleen cells induced with KLH, concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide and anti-CD3 antibody were reduced in phenytoin-treated mice. Accessory function of spleen adherent cells on ConA-induced T cell proliferative response was reduced in phenytoin-treated mice. KLH-induced IL-4 production of spleen cells was enhanced, while IFN-gamma production was reduced in phenytoin-treated mice. In addition, production of IL-1 alpha, but not IL-6 and IL-12 by spleen adherent cells from phenytoin-treated mice was reduced. Natural killer cell activity was reduced in phenytoin-treated mice. These results suggest that phenytoin treatment preferentially induces a Th2 type response. We also observed that plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were increased in phenytoin-treated mice, and speculated that phenytoin might act directly and indirectly, through HPA axis activation, on the immune system to modulate Th1/Th2 balance.     

Engagement of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells into interleukin (IL)-12 producers by IL-1beta + interferon (IFN)-gamma

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells and can induce tumour- or pathogen-specific T cell responses. For adoptive immunotherapy purposes, immature DCs can be generated from adherent monocytes using granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, and further maturation is usually achieved by incubation with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. However, TNF-alpha-stimulated DCs produce low levels of IL-12. In this study, we compared the effects of TNF-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-1beta or IFN-gamma + IL-1beta on the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. Our results show that IFN-gamma, but not IL-1beta, augmented the surface expression of CD80, CD83 and CD86 molecules without inducing IL-12 production from DCs. However, IL-1beta, but not IFN-gamma, induced IL-12 p40 production by DCs without enhancing phenotypic maturation. When combined, IFN-gamma + IL-1beta treatment profoundly up-regulated the expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. Furthermore, IFN-gamma + IL-1beta-treated DCs produced larger amounts of IL-12 and induced stronger T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion in primary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) than did TNF-alpha-treated DCs. Our results show that IFN-gamma + IL-1beta induced human monocyte-derived DCs to differentiate into Th1-prone mature DCs.     

树突细胞与哮喘Th1/Th2失衡

特应性哮喘患者以Th2免疫反应为主,导致气道炎症,Th1／Th2失衡是特庆性哮喘重要的免疫病理机制,树突细胞（DCs）中肺部主要抗原递呈细胞,不但可以介志对吸入抗原初始的免疫反应,活化辅助性T细胞,而且在可以决定T细胞的分化方向,维持哮喘Th2免疫反应和Th1／Th2失衡机制中发挥重要作用而日益受到重视。本文就近年来对特应性哮喘免疫病理机制中DCs对Th1／Th2失衡影响认识作一综述。     

不同Th1/Th2细胞免疫应答支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞学的变化

目的 探讨不同Th细胞优势应答下支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的细胞学变化，了解Th1/Th2细胞免疫应答的细胞和分子机制。方法 用鸡卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏Wistar大鼠（每组10只），制作致敏大鼠哮喘模型；用“冻干BCG”皮内注射制作BCG免疫大鼠模型。收集BALF并做HE染色，进行细胞分类计数。采用流式细胞术，测定BALF中，CD2^ ,CD28^ 及γδTCR^ T细胞占总淋巴细胞的百分率及平均荧光密度（MIF）。用原位杂交法，检测肺组织中IL－4mRNA的IFN－γmRNA的表达。用ELISA法检测血清IL－4和IFN－γ的浓度。结果 哮喘组BALF中淋巴细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS），浆细胞和中性粒细胞的总数，均显著多于正常组（P＜0．01）；BCG免疫组BALF中，淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的总数也显著高于正常组（P＜0．001）。哮喘组BALF中，CD2^ T 细胞的明显增加。但哮喘组CD2^ T细胞的F1显著高于正常组及BCG组（P＜0．05）；BCG组BALF中，CD^2 T细胞的百分率与正常组相比产无显著差异（P＞0．05），其CD2^ T细胞的MFI显著高于正常组(P＜0．05）。哮喘组和BCG组BALF中，CD28^ 细胞占淋巴细胞的百分率显著多于正常组（P＜0．01）；BCG组CD28^ 细胞的MFI高于哮喘组（P＜0．01）。两组的CD28^ 细胞的MF1均显著多于正常组（P＜0．05）。哮喘组和BCG组BALF中，γδTCR^ 细胞占淋巴细胞的百分率显著高于正常组（P＜0．01）。结论 支气管哮喘患者Th2细胞的优势应答，与BALF中的B细胞，EOS，浆细胞和中性粒细胞等APC数的增加及T细胞上CD2的高表达有关；而BCG免疫组中的Th1细胞的优势应答与BALF中巨噬细胞，T细胞增加及T细胞上CD28的高表达有关。γδT细胞可能存在Th1/Th2细胞免疫模式，既参与哮喘免疫也参与BCG免疫过程，可能是调节Th0细胞分化的重要始动细胞。     

Intracytoplasmic Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis blood and synovial tissue

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T cells have been proposed either as a main actor or as an epiphenomenon in such a primarily synoviocyte-driven disease. A major issue remains the remarkable paradox between the T cell infiltrate and the relative failure to detect definite markers of their activity. To determine the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in RA synovium, we used a single cell flow cytometric assay for interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and IL-10 in paired peripheral blood (PB) and synovial tissue (ST) lymphocytes from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and PB lymphocytes from healthy controls. Cytokines were undetectable in unstimulated PB and ST lymphocytes. More stimulated PB and ST CD4(+)lymphocytes produced IFN-gamma than IL-4, for all individuals tested. RA PB CD4(+)lymphocytes showed the same Th1 cytokine pattern as normal controls. No increase of such a Th1 profile was observed for ST lymphocytes. A specific recruitment of T CD4(+)lymphocytes in the rheumatoid inflamed synovium could not be concluded on the basis of these results.     

Epicutaneous immunization converts subsequent and established antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2-type responses

Epicutaneous immunization is a potential novel technique for topical vaccine delivery. It targets the immunologically rich milieu of the skin while having the advantage of being a non-invasive immunization procedure. By disrupting the stratum corneum of the epidermis a natural adjuvant effect can be achieved through activation of resident Langerhans cells. This negates the normal need for co-application of noxious adjuvants. Epicutaneous immunization on barrier-disrupted skin induces potent antigen-specific systemic immunity with a strong T helper type 2 (Th2) bias. We show here that epicutaneous immunization enhances the vigour of a subsequent T-cell response to the same antigen. The induced systemic Th2 response prevents the development of Th1 responses induced through injection of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA. Moreover, epicutaneous immunization converts an established Th1 response to a Th2 response, as demonstrated by the specific reduction of interferon-gamma and IgG2a and the enhancement of interleukin-4 and IgE. This Th2 dominance of epicutaneous immunization may have direct therapeutic application as an immune-modulating procedure in Th1-dominant diseases such as autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and multiple sclerosis.     

Associations between antioxidant status, markers of oxidative stress and immune responses in allergic adults

BACKGROUND: There has been growing interest in the role of antioxidant function in controlling inflammatory disease states, such as allergy. This study investigated the relationship between antioxidant status, markers of airways inflammation [exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)], oxidative stress (F(2) isoprostanes) and immune responses in allergic adults. METHODS: Antioxidants (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and selenium) and total antioxidant capacity (tAC) in serum were examined in relation to eNO, plasma F(2) isoprostanes and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytokine and lymphoproliferative response to house dust mite (HDM) allergen, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 54 allergic adults. RESULTS: Firstly, levels of specific vitamins did not correlate with tAC. Secondly, we did not see any evidence that specific vitamin levels (or tAC) were associated with either polarization or attenuation of in vitro immune responses. If anything, there were positive correlations between antioxidant (vitamin C and selenium) levels and HDM allergen responses [lymphoproliferation (selenium; r=0.35, P=0.013) and both Th2 IL13 (vitamin C; tau=0.254, P=0.028) and Th1 IFN-gamma (vitamin C; tau=0.302, P=0.009) responses]. There were also significant positive relationships between antioxidant levels and IL-10 responses to polyclonal stimulation by SEB (r=0.292, P=0.036) and LPS (r=0.34, P=0.015) (beta-carotene) and PHA (r=0.34, P=0.021) (tAC). Thirdly, although airways inflammation (eNO) was associated with both in vitro and in vivo (skin test reactivity) to HDM, we did not see any correlation between eNO and oxidative stress (F(2)-isoprostanes). Finally, there were no consistent relationships between oxidative stress and immune responses. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that higher antioxidant levels were associated with reduced allergen responsiveness in allergic adults. If anything, antioxidant status was associated with increased immune responsiveness. The significance of this needs to be addressed in future intervention studies.     

SARS患者淋巴细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子的检测与意义

为了解SARS患者糖皮质激素治疗后细胞免疫状况 ,系列观察我院 7例SARS确诊者 (5男 2女 ,2 8～ 6 8岁 )淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子变化 ,病程 0～ 6 1d。另选 31例HIV感染者作疾病对照 ,2 4例健康献血员作正常对照。用流式细胞术检测外周血CD3、CD4和CD8细胞 ,以ELISA法检测血清Th1/Th2类细胞因子 (IFN γ/IL 4 )含量。结果是SARS组CD3、CD4、CD8均值 (5 2 9 80、 313 0 9、 195 94 /μl)都低于正常组均值 (14 2 0 95、 80 9 80、 5 30 95 /μl) ,P均 <0 0 0 1;与HIV组均值(813 2 3、 176 81、 6 0 3 10 /μl)比较 ,CD4、CD8偏低 (P <0 0 0 6、P <0 0 0 1)。SARS组CD4 /CD8比值与正常组相比 ,差异不显著。淋巴细胞亚群数目与病程密切相关。SARS组Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平 (A均值 0 0 5 8/0 0 31)均低于HIV组 (A均值0 0 79/0 0 33)和正常组 (A均值 0 111/0 0 35 ) ,细胞因子含量与病程无关。提示我们所观察的SARS患者细胞免疫功能低下。     

Adjuvant effect of zinc oxide on Th2 but not Th1 immune responses in mice

Background and aim: We investigated the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice.

Material and methods: Mice were intraperitoneally administered with ovalbumin (OVA) with or without varying doses of ZnO (day 0). On day 21, anti-OVA IgG, IgG2a, IgG1, and IgE antibodies in sera, OVA-specific proliferative responses of spleen cells, and production of Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ as well as Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 were measured.

Results: The results showed that administration of OVA with ZnO was followed by greater increases in anti-OVA IgG and the antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation compared to that of OVA alone. The production of anti-OVA IgG1 and IgE and secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 were markedly enhanced by ZnO. The enhancing effect of ZnO on these Th2 responses was as strong as aluminium hydroxide (Alum) that was widely used as an adjuvant. In contrast, treatment with OVA plus ZnO failed to affect production of anti-OVA IgG2a as well as IFN-γ. It was also observed that ZnO had a stimulating effect on the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 from a new lineage of effector Th cells.

Conclusion: These results suggest that ZnO appears to have an adjuvant effect on the immune system, especially Th2 but not Th1 immune responses.     

CCK-8对KLH免疫小鼠脾细胞Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的： 探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对Th1/Th2平衡的调节作用。方法: 给予BALB/c小鼠钥孔戚血蓝蛋白（KLH）免疫同时体内给予不同剂量的CCK-8,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测其脾细胞培养上清中Th1型细胞因子γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）水平,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测脾细胞中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5 mRNA表达;ELISA法检测血清中Th1型抗KLH抗体IgG2a和Th2型抗KLH抗体IgG1水平。结果: ①KLH免疫使小鼠脾细胞分泌Th1/Th2型细胞因子水平明显增高,mRNA表达增高,KLH免疫同时给予CCK-8可使脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ、IL-2含量进一步增加和IFN-γ、IL-2mRNA表达增高,而使IL-4、IL-5含量降低,IL-4、IL-5 mRNA表达减低和降低IL-4/IFN-γ比值。②KLH免疫小鼠血清中IgG2a、IgG1发生不同程度增高,CCK-8可使其血清中IgG1水平减低而使IgG2a水平增高。结论: CCK-8可促进KLH免疫小鼠体内Th1反应,使Th2优势反应向Th1方向转变。     

Multiple interleukin-18 injections promote both mouse Th1 and Th2 responses after sublethal Escherichia coli infection

Interleukin (IL)-18 is considered to induce exclusively the Th1 immune response but not the Th2 response in the presence of adequate IL-12 stimulation in bacterial infections. However, we demonstrate herein that multiple IL-18 injections to the mice not only enhance the early Th1 response but also stimulate the Th2 response later after viable Escherichia coli infection. Multiple IL-18 injections (three alternate-day injections) raised the serum interferon (IFN)-gamma level at 6 h and serum Th2 cytokine levels, such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, at 48 h after infection, while a single IL-18 injection increased only the serum IFN-gamma level. Depletion of mouse CD4+ cells suppressed the IL-18-induced Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13. In contrast, depletion of natural killer (NK)1.1+ cells reduced the IFN-gamma and IL-13 levels. Moreover, multiple IL-18 injections up-regulated the serum IgM level at 72 h after infection while a single IL-18 injection did not. Interestingly, neutralization of IL-4 but not IFN-gamma partially suppressed the increased serum IgM. Liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) from the mice treated with multiple IL-18 injections significantly increased more production of not only IFN-gamma but also Th2 cytokines and IgM by in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation than those from the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, while liver MNCs from the single IL-18-injected mice also increased IFN-gamma production but significantly suppressed IL-4 and IgM production compared to those from the PBS-treated mice. Our findings suggest that multiple injections of IL-18 up-regulate both the cellular and humoral innate immunities, thereby enhancing host defence against bacterial infections.     

CD86协同刺激信号在孕早期母—胎界面Th1／Th2型细胞因子表达调控中的作用

目的探讨CD86协同刺激信号在孕早期母-胎界面Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达调控中的作用。方法建立正常妊 娠模型CBA×Balb/c和自然流产模型CBA× DBA/2。于孕第4、6、8、10天给CBA孕鼠腹腔注射大鼠IgG作为对照组;仅于孕第4 天或于孕第4、6、8、10天给CBA孕鼠腹腔注射大鼠抗小鼠CD86 mAb。孕第14天计算两种模型各实验组胚胎吸收率R。ELISA 法测定孕第9和第14天各实验组母-胎界面组织体外培养上清中Th1/Th2型及相关细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10、 TGF-β2)表达水平。结果孕早期干预CD86协同刺激信号,对正常妊娠模型母-胎界面孕第9和第14天IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β2以及 IFN-γ、TNF-α表达均无显著影响,其胚胎吸收率亦无显著变化。自然流产模型中,孕早期干预CD86协同刺激信号后,孕第9、 第14天母-胎界面IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β2表达均显著增加(P＜0.05);而IFN-γ、TNF-α表达显著下降(P＜0.05)。胚胎吸收率亦 显著下降(P＜0.05)。结论孕早期母-胎界面CD86协同刺激信号的调节紊乱可能是触发母体对胚胎产生免疫排斥的重要病 理因素,于孕早期干预CD86协同刺激信号能够恢复母-胎界面Th1型/Th2型免疫调节的生理平衡,从而诱导母-胎免疫耐受。     

Human Th1 responses driven by IL-12 are associated with enhanced expression of CD40 ligand

IL- 12 is the prominent inducer of Th1 responses in humans and in the mouse. CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays important roles in regulation of immune responses, including T cell-dependent activation of B cells and cytokine production by monocytes and dendritic cells. The present study examined the influences of IL-12 on the CD40L expression of activated human CD4⁺ T cells. IL-12 enhanced CD40L expression on CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 in the complete absence of accessory cells, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decreased it. Exogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) did not increase CD40L expression on immobilized anti-CD3 stimulated CD4⁺ T cells at any time up to 168 h of culture. The IL-12-induced enhancement of CD40L expression on anti-CD3 activated CD4⁺ T cells was not influenced in the presence of a metalloproteinase inhibitor KB8301, which up-regulated CD40L expression by preventing the processing of membrane-bound CD40L, or B cells, which down-regulated CD40L expression by receptor-mediated endocytosis. These results indicate that IL-12 enhances the CD40L expression of activated CD4⁺ T cells independently of the IFN-γ production. The data thus suggest that Th1 responses induced by IL-12 might play an important role in the regulation of humoral immune responses through up-regulated CD40L expression.     

接种纯化人用狂犬病疫苗对妊娠期Th1/Th2类细胞因子谱的影响

目的研究人用狂犬病纯化疫苗（RV）对妊娠期Th1/Th2类细胞因子谱的影响。方法对所有可疑狂犬病毒暴露者进行RV的全程接种,在接种RV的第0、14、45天时采血并分离外周血单个核细胞与RV进行培养,采用ELISA法检测抗狂犬病病毒抗体,体外培养检测淋巴细胞增殖能力,CBA法检测细胞培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子：干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）以及Th2类细胞因子：IL-4、IL-5、IL-10的水平。结果 17例暴露者于RV全程注射后17d（第45天）抗体检测阳性;RV刺激后,暴露者第45天淋巴细胞增殖能力明显高于第0天（P〈0.05）;当RV刺激后,暴露组第14天、第45天产生IL-2、IL-4、IL-5的含量显著高于未刺激组及暴露组第0天水平（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠期注射RV在刺激机体产生体液免疫的同时,可以有效地诱导Th1/Th2类细胞因子的产生。