胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的临床研究（附220例分析）

报告２２０例胸段食管癌的淋巴结转移情况，分析了淋巴结转移与食管病变所在部位、长度、浸润食管壁深度的关系，以及淋巴转移的方向、方式特点，探讨其对指导淋巴结清扫的意义。     

颈部超声评价胸段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移

目的　探讨提高胸段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断正确率的方法。　方法　 42例胸段食管鳞癌患者 ,术前行双侧颈部超声检查 ,转移淋巴结判定标准包括淋巴结的大小 (长径≥ 1 0mm)和形态 (短径 /长径 >0 5)。　结果　术前超声发现颈部淋巴结肿大 (短径≥ 5mm) 1 6例 ,触诊可扪及 5例。其中根据超声检查结果 9例判定为转移淋巴结 (cM1 LN) ,触诊可扪及 4例。本组 5例无法行肿瘤根治性切除者行非手术治疗 ;37例手术切除肿瘤的患者中 ,术后病理证实 6例颈部淋巴结转移(pM1 LN) ,其中 4例肿瘤侵犯食管外膜 (pT3)、2例术中发现肿瘤外侵 (pT4 ) ,并且均同时伴纵隔淋巴结转移 ,其中 4例还伴有腹腔淋巴结转移 ;1 1例pT1 、pT2 患者中无一例发现颈部淋巴结转移 (P =0 0 2 0 )。根据病理及临床治疗结果 ,超声判定颈部淋巴结转移的准确率显著高于触诊 (40 / 4 2 ,95 %比34/ 4 2 ,81 % ,P =0 0 4 3) ,敏感性亦明显高于触诊 (82 %比 36 % ,P =0 0 81 )。全组病例中 ,有 5例 (5/ 39,1 3 % )因颈部超声检查结果而改变治疗方式。　结论　超声检查判断颈部淋巴结转移的敏感性及准确率明显高于体检触诊 ,有助于提高食管癌术前分期的准确性     

非小细胞肺癌隆突下淋巴结转移与临床病理特征的关系

目的分析非小细胞肺癌隆突下淋巴结转移的方式和规律,以探讨其隆突下淋巴结合理的手术清扫方式。方法回顾性分析2002年9月至2011年10月河南省肿瘤医院608例非小细胞肺癌患者行肺切除加系统淋巴结清扫术的临床资料,其中男388例,女220例;平均年龄62.3(45～78)岁。肿瘤位于左肺上叶122例、左肺下叶119例、右肺上叶158例、右肺中叶40例和右肺下叶169例;隆突下淋巴结转移118例(19.4%)。病理类型:鳞癌244例,腺癌285例,其它癌79例。分析隆突下淋巴结转移与肺部肿瘤的部位、病理类型和临床病理特征的关系。结果不同肿瘤部位间发生隆突下淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),右肺下叶肺癌发生隆突下淋巴结转移比率[45.8%(54/118)]最高;腺癌发生隆突下淋巴结转移比率[55.9%(66/118)]最高,其次为鳞癌(P=0.034)。随着肿瘤T分期的发展,隆突下淋巴结转移的可能性加大,并且左右肺中下叶癌患者隆突下淋巴结转移率大于肺上叶癌患者。结论肿瘤位于左肺或右肺上叶、临床T分期为cT1以内的鳞癌患者,隆突下淋巴结转移的可能性小。     

术前胸中上段食管癌颈部淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的分析术前胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的相关因素。方法行食管癌切除+三野淋巴结清扫手术的食管胸中上段癌病人64例,按照是否发生颈部淋巴结转移分为转移组(20例)和未转移组(44例)。比较两组病人的术前临床资料,分析发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果食管癌病人超声检查结果中淋巴结短径、纵横比、内部回声、RI值与是否发生颈部淋巴结转移关系密切(P0.05);在两组病人的增强CT结果中,发生喉返神经旁淋巴结、胸部淋巴结肿大的比率差异明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);短径、RI值诊断颈部淋巴结转移的效能较好,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.823、0.694;Logistic回归分析发现,纵横比≥0.5、喉返神经旁淋巴结肿大为胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论食管胸中上段癌病人颈部淋巴结短径、纵横比、内部回声、RI值、喉返神经旁淋巴结、胸部淋巴结肿大是预测颈部淋巴结转移的重要指标,其中纵横比≥0.5、喉返神经旁淋巴结肿大为胸中上段食管癌病人发生颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。     

胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移规律探究

目的探讨胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素,以指导淋巴结清扫方式。方法回顾分析漳州市医院2010年4月至2012年7月手术治疗的328例胸段食管鳞癌的临床病理资料,探讨淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素。结果全组328例共清扫淋巴结9937枚,平均30．3枚／例。共437枚、153例有淋巴结转移,转移率46．65％;其中喉返神经旁淋巴结转移18．30％,10．46％喉返神经旁淋巴结为唯一转移部位。胸段食管癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤部位、长度、分化程度及浸润深度明显相关。胸上段食管癌淋巴结转移方向主要向上纵隔及下颈部;胸中段食管癌颈、胸、腹均可发生淋巴结转移;胸下段食管癌主要向腹腔、中下纵隔转移。结论食管上段鳞癌,颈部淋巴结转移率高,应行三野淋巴结清扫;下段食管癌清扫重点在腹腔、中下纵隔;中段鳞癌应提倡进行个体化清扫和适度清扫;分化程度差,浸润程度深的病例应适当扩大清扫范围。胸段食管癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率高,均应行喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移度与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移度与主要临床病理因素的相关性及临床意义。方法分析2004年7月至2005年6月409例食管癌患者的病例资料,其中胸上段癌58例,中段癌267例,下段癌84例。临床分期0~Ⅰ期23例,Ⅱa期199例,Ⅱb期31例,Ⅲ期139例,Ⅳ期17例,均行手术切除肿瘤及淋巴结清扫。术后分析淋巴结转移情况,对主要病理因素进行统计学处理。结果全组术后病理示淋巴结转移率45.72%,总淋巴结转移度15.32%。统计分析显示随着肿瘤长径增加、浸润深度加深、分化程度降低,淋巴结转移度呈增高趋势,髓质型较其他大体类型、中下段食管癌较胸上段癌,淋巴结转移度增高。结论肿瘤长度>5cm、浸润深肌层以外、中低分化程度、髓质型病变以及中下段食管癌者,淋巴结转移度显著增高,于术前分期、手术方式选择、淋巴结清扫以及手术前后综合治疗中应予重视。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移特点的临床研究

目的 探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的规律和特点,从而为其手术入路和淋巴结清扫范围提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月间中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院胸外科收治的72例胸段食管癌患者的临床资料,所有病例均行右胸入路手术. 记录各组淋巴结的清扫及转移情况,并分析淋巴结转移的影响因素.结果 72例患者中,有48例出现淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为66.7％;清扫淋巴结总数为1495枚,转移181枚,淋巴结转移度为12.1％,平均每例清扫淋巴结20.8枚.在各组淋巴结中,右喉返神经旁（1R组）淋巴结转移率最高,达30.6％（22/72）.左喉返神经旁淋巴结（2L组、4L组和5组） 转移率为12.5％（9/72）.淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小和浸润深度有关（均P＜0.05）,而与病变部位和分化程度无关（P＞0.05）.结论 胸段食管癌淋巴结转移以右喉返神经旁淋巴结转移为主,故其手术最佳入路应是右胸入路,淋巴结清扫则应以右、左喉返神经旁淋巴结为重点的系统纵隔、腹野淋巴结清扫.     

胸段食管癌锁骨上淋巴结清扫的临床价值

目的分析食管癌锁骨上淋巴结清扫的临床价值。方法将1997年3月至2004年9月厦门大学附属中山医院收治的无明显锁骨上淋巴结转移食管癌患者197例分为两组,对照组:非锁骨上淋巴结清扫,96例,男62例、女34例,年龄40～69(55.2±3.1)岁;采用区域(胸内淋巴引流区和胃左贲门旁)淋巴结清扫。观察组:锁骨上淋巴结清扫,101例,男68例、女33例,年龄41～68(53.8±4.5)岁;采用三野淋巴结清扫(胸内淋巴引流区、胃左贲门旁及双侧锁骨上淋巴结清扫)。随访两组患者的生存率、淋巴结转移率、吻合口复发率和锁骨上淋巴结远期转移率。结果全组5年生存率为39.59%(78/197),对照组和观察组的5年生存率差异无统计学意义[37.50%(36/96)vs.41.58%(42/101),P>0.05];胸上段食管癌观察组5年生存率显著高于对照组[38.10%(8/21)vs.29.17%(7/24),P<0.05];对照组与观察组胸内淋巴结转移率(14.58%vs.12.87%)、腹腔淋巴结转移率(6.25%vs.7.92%)和吻合口复发率(5.20%vs.5.94%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);锁骨上淋巴结远期转移率观察组显著低于对照组(2.97%vs.8.33%,P<0.05)。结论胸上段食管癌锁骨上淋巴结清扫可以提高其术后的生存率,降低锁骨上淋巴结的远期复发转移率。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其对淋巴结清扫方式的影响

目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其对淋巴结清扫方式的影响。方法对接受三野淋巴结清扫的230例食管鳞癌病人的肿瘤部位、临床病理指标与淋巴结转移的关系进行分析。结果每例病人的淋巴结切除11～71枚，平均（25．3±11．4）枚。其中133例病人存在区域淋巴结转移。颈、胸和腹三区淋巴结转移率，上胸段食管癌为41．6％、19．44％和8．3％，中胸段食管癌为33．3％、34．7％和14％，下胸段食管癌为36．4％、34．1％和43．2％。上、中、下胸段食管癌颈部或胸腔淋巴结转移率差异无统计学意义，下胸段食管癌腹腔淋巴结转移率显著高于上胸段或中胸段食管癌。Logistic回归模型显示肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴管血管浸润情况是影响淋巴结转移的有意义因素。结论对各胸段食管癌均应清扫颈、胸部淋巴结，上、中胸段食管癌腹部淋巴结清扫的意义尚需进一步研究。病人的肿瘤浸润深度及有无淋巴血管浸润与淋巴结是否转移密切相关。     

胸段食管癌颈部及上纵隔淋巴结转移

探讨胸段食管癌颈部及上纵隔淋结转移规律。方法采用颈,胸,腹三切口施行胸段食管癌手术６１６例,同时施行三区域淋巴洁清扫。结果：中及上纵隔淋巴结转移率和转移度分别为５７．１％和２１．５％。结论胸段食管癌必须重颈部及上纵隔淋巴结清扫。     

Location and clinical impact of solitary lymph node metastasis in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The location and clinical impact of solitary lymph node metastasis from thoracic esophageal carcinoma have not been evaluated sufficiently. METHODS: A consecutive series of 91 patients with a solitary positive lymph node who underwent curative surgery for thoracic esophageal carcinoma was investigated. The prognostic impact was evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 52 (57%) of the 91 patients showed a solitary positive node beyond the thorax. While 29% of the patients with an upper thoracic tumor showed a cervical node, 13% of the patients with a middle tumor and none of the patients with a lower tumor showed a cervical node. Tumor depth and venous invasion were found to be independent risk factors for poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: The solitary positive lymph nodes were broadly distributed depending on the tumor location and tumor depth. Tumor depth and venous invasion were risk factors for poor survival in these patients.     

食管癌淋巴结转移特点及其危险因素

目的 探讨食管癌淋巴结转移情况及其危险因素,为外科手术行淋巴结清扫提供参考。方法回顾总结2006年1月至2010年12月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胸外科行三野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术308例患者的临床资料．分析淋巴结的转移规律及特点。结果308例患者平均清扫淋巴结（35．6±14．5）枚,197例（64％）患者出现淋巴结转移。Logistic单因素分析结果显示,脉管（淋巴管及血管）侵犯（P=0．019）及肿瘤浸润深度（P〈0．001）是发生淋巴结转移的危险因素。各站淋巴结中,胸部气管旁淋巴结转移率最高（25．0％）。上段食管癌腹部淋巴结转移率显著低于中段或下段食管癌（P=0．001）,而各段食管癌颈胸部淋巴结转移率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。颈胸部和颈胸腹部淋巴结转移率分别为14．6％和11．0％,而颈腹部和胸腹部则分别为3．6％和4．9％。脉管侵犯（P〈0．001）和胸部气管旁淋巴结转移（P=0．014）是食管癌发生颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结论食管癌淋巴结转移具有上、下双向和跳跃性的特点．胸部气管旁淋巴结转移可作为行颈部淋巴结清扫的指征。     

Lymph flow and lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer

This paper delineates which lymph nodes should be dissected due to the high frequency of metastasis associated with different types of primary lesions of the thoracic esophagus. In cancer involving the upper third of the esophagus (Iu), lymph flow was found to be primarily from the superior mediastinal area to the cervical area; in that involving the middle third (Im), it was broadly distributed from the superior, middle, and inferior mediastinal region to the cervical and abdominal regions; and in that involving the lower third (Ei), it tended to extend from the inferior mediastinal region to the abdominal region, with single primary metastatic nodes also being noted in this area. The significance of the top nodes, namely, the nodes located along the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in the upper portion of the thorax, was also investigated, and it was confirmed that the prognosis for patients with metastases to both the top nodes and other nodes was unfavorable. An immunohistochemical study on mediastinal lymph flow using the anti-Su-Ps antibody demonstrated interactions between top nodes and cervical and/or thoracic nodes.Part of this paper was presented at the UICC Kyoto International Symposium on Recent Advances in Management of Digestive Cancers held in Kyoto, Japan, in April 1993.     

Paratracheal lymph node metastasis is associated with cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We determined which lymph node metastases were associated with cervical lymph node metastases of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 6464 lymph nodes derived from 155 consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were stained by immunohistochemistry (antibody: AE1/AE3). Lymph node metastases were mapped according to the mapping scheme of the American Thoracic Society, as modified by Casson et al. (Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1569-70). Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Mapping data were examined by uni- and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Hematoxylin and eosin-positive and AE1/AE3-positive lymph node metastases were found in 59% and 77% of patients, respectively. Twenty-one (55%) of 38 patients in the CLNM(+) group and 30 (26%) of 117 patients in the CLNM(-) group had AE1/AE3-positive lymph node metastasis in the thoracic paratracheal lymph node. Paratracheal lymph node metastasis is only one independent factor for (CLNM), whereas upper thoracic paraesophageal lymph node and pulmonal hilar lymph node status were also significant in univariate analysis. Three (43%) of seven patients with cervical jumping metastasis from the thoracic esophagus had micrometastasis in the paratracheal lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: The paratracheal lymph node is most associated with (CLNM) of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

胰腺癌淋巴结转移情况对预后的影响

目的研究淋巴结转移情况对胰腺癌患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2015年8月72例行根治性手术的胰腺癌患者淋巴结转移情况及其对预后的影响。结果检出淋巴结961枚,平均13.3枚/例;其中阳性淋巴结87枚。单因素分析显示:得到随访的有淋巴结转移者(PN1)33例(47%),中位生存期为8.6个月;得到随访的无淋巴结转移者(PN0)37例(53%),中位生存期18.6个月;无淋巴结转移者生存率显著高于有淋巴结转移患者(P0.05)。在有淋巴结转移的患者中,淋巴结阳性比率(LNR)0.2者14例(42%),中位生存期为6.4个月;LNR≤0.2者19例(58%),中位生存期11.4个月;LNR0.2者生存率显著低于LNR≤0.2者(P0.05)。淋巴结转移局限于第1站的有17例(52%),中位生存期为11.0个月;第2站以上淋巴结转移者16例(48%),中位生存期7.5个月;第2站以上淋巴结转移者生存率显著低于淋巴结转移局限于第1站者(P0.05)。多因素分析显示:第2站以上淋巴结转移、淋巴结阳性比率0.2仍然是影响胰腺癌预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。此外,肿瘤侵犯范围、综合治疗、肿瘤分化程度也影响胰腺癌预后(P0.05)。结论胰腺癌淋巴结转移率较高,LNR0.2及第2站以上淋巴结转移是影响胰腺癌预后的独立危险因素。     

微创食管癌切除术后淋巴结转移规律及预后分析

目的淋巴结转移是食管癌转移的主要方式,对食管癌患者预后有重要影响,本文探讨食管癌胸腹二区淋巴结的转移规律。 方法选取2010年1月至2016年10月于山东大学齐鲁医院经微创食管癌切除术(minimally invasive esophagectomy, MIE)治疗的食管癌患者613例,参照日本食管肿瘤研究会(JEOG)淋巴结分区标准清扫淋巴结,统计各组淋巴结的转移率。对2010年1月至2013年10月行MIE治疗的203例食管癌患者进行生存分析。另外410例患者由于术后时间较短,随访数据未列入统计。 结果胸上段食管癌较多发生上纵隔淋巴结转移,其左、右喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率分别高达35.9%、40.7%,均显著高于胸中段和胸下段食管癌;胸中段食管癌既向上发生上纵隔淋巴结转移,又向下发生腹腔淋巴结转移;胸下段食管癌主要向胃周淋巴结转移,其中胃左动脉旁淋巴结转移率最高。单因素分析结果显示,病变长度、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移程度是影响食管癌患者预后的相关因素(P< 0.05)。COX多因素回归分析结果显示,肿瘤低分化和淋巴结转移是影响食管癌患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P< 0.05)。 结论手术治疗食管癌应重点清扫双侧喉返神经旁淋巴结和胃左动脉旁淋巴结。     

CT检查淋巴结短径评估胸段食管鳞癌左侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移的应用价值

目的:探讨CT检查淋巴结短径评估胸段食管鳞癌左侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2009年10月至2016年12月2家医疗中心收治的628例（中山大学肿瘤防治中心236例、郑州大学附属肿瘤医院392例）胸段食管鳞癌病人的临床病理资料;男462例,女166例;中位年龄为62岁,年龄范围...     

Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases and ratio in esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: The incidence of carcinoma of the distal esophagus and GE junction is rapidly increasing. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine the impact of lymph node positivity and ratio on survival. METHODS: All patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between January 1994 and December 2004 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 173 patients with invasive cancer, 123 (71%) underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy. The largest number of patients (45%) had adenocarcinoma of the GE junction; 29% of patients had esophageal adenocarcinoma while 14% had squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Perioperative mortality was 5.7%. Median overall survival of the entire group was 22 months and 5-year overall survival was 27%. The most significant prognostic factor for overall survival was the presence of positive LN (P = 0.01). Additionally, patients with zero involved LN had a 5-year survival of 34%, while patients with 1 to 3 positive LN and >3 positive LN had 5-year survival of 27% and 9%, respectively (P = 0.01). Finally, an increasing ratio of positive to examined LN was linearly associated with a worsening 5-year survival, (P = 0.153). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing number of positive LN in patients with esophageal cancer and increasing ratio of metastatic to examined LN portend a poor prognosis. These factors should play an important role in determining which patients receive adjuvant therapy.