无球囊导管血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的 :探讨无球囊导管血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形 (AVM)的疗效。方法 :采用Seldinger技术及微导管技术 ,将无球囊微导管超选择性插入脑AVM畸形血管团内持续注射NBCA胶行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 :栓塞技术成功率 97.5 %。AVM完全消失 ,解剖治愈 11例 ,AVM畸形血管团大部分消失 ,其减少大于80 %4例 ,减少 5 0 %～ 80 例 ,小于 5 0 %9例。随访 6个月至 5年 ,效果满意。结论 :无球囊导管持续注射栓塞法血管内栓塞治疗脑AVM操作安全 ,疗效确定 ,方法简便 ,具有长期栓塞效果。     

Endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with Onyx embolization

Background In the past 5 years, new treatment materials and techniques offering a different concept in endovascular treatment have been described for cerebral arteriovenous malformations （CAVMs）. The aim of this study was to assess the endovascular treatment of CAVMs by using a liquid embolic material, Onyx （ Micro Therapeutics. Inc. , Irvine, CA, USA）. Methods From September 2003 to September 2004, Onyx was used to treat 22 patients with CAVMs. Ten AVMS were located in functional areas, 8 in deep cerebral areas, and 4 in the cerebellar hemisphere. The size of CAVMs was about 3 cm in diameter in 5 patients, 3 -6 cm in 11, and more than 6 cm in 6. Results In the 22 patients, Onyx embolization was successful. Nidus occlusion was complete in 3 patients, 〉 90% in 8, 〉 80% and 〈 90% in 6, and 〉 50% and 〈 80% in 5. Complications included transient neurological deficits in 2 patients, and adherence of microcatheter to the site of injection in 2. Conclusions Being non-adhesiveness, Onyx is a safe and satisfactory embolic material in the treatment of CAVMs. But its long-term efficacy awaits further follow-up.     

血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的:探讨血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形(cAVM)的临床意义。方法:应用血管内栓塞治疗cAVM 23例,栓塞剂为NBCA或Onyx,栓塞后2例行显微手术治疗,4例行咖玛刀治疗。结果:畸形血管团完全消失5例,消失80%以上6例,60%~80%7例,60%以下5例。栓塞后1例发生脑出血。结论:血管内栓塞治疗cAVM的方法是安全的,可治愈部分cAVM,对于大型、重要功能区的cAVM,血管内栓塞联合手术或放疗可提高治愈率,降低致残率和病死率。     

血管内栓塞与伽玛刀结合治疗86例脑动静脉畸形的临床分析

目的评价血管内栓塞结合伽玛刀治疗对脑动静脉畸形的治疗作用。方法选择泸州医学院附属医院神经外科从2001年9月至2010年12月86例经数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)确诊为脑动静脉畸形的患者,并选择了血管内介入栓塞治疗,其中72例随后又进行了伽玛刀治疗。术后疗效利用DSA/CTA/MRI进行影像学评价。结果 68例获得随访(79.1%),随访时间1～6年,平均2.5年。临床症状康复52例,轻残5例,重残1例,癫痫发作8例,再出血2例,无死亡病例。获得DSA/CTA/MRI影像随访65例(75.6%),其中畸形血管完全消失37例(56.9%),大部分消失20例(30.8%),部分消失8例(12.3%)。结论血管内栓塞结合伽玛刀对脑动静脉畸形的治疗具有疗效较好、并发症少、创伤小、安全性高和可重复性等优点。伽玛刀还可以作为手术切除的前期治疗。     

脑动静脉畸形血管内栓塞的影响因素及治疗进展

血管内栓塞治疗已成为治疗脑动静脉畸形(BAVM)的主要方法之一,随着微导管技术及栓塞材料不断完善,对BAVM的认识逐步提高,疗效也越来越好。本文总结了BAVM血管内栓塞的影响因素及治疗进展。     

介入栓塞术在肺动静脉瘘中的治疗价值

目的探讨介入栓塞术治疗肺动静脉痿的经验方法和疗效价值。方法回顾性分析经过影像学确诊的、并经过介入栓塞治疗后的4例肺动静脉瘘的患者,其中3例为单发囊状型,1例为多发囊状型,3例为女性,1例为男性．平均年龄为60岁。结果3例患者经介入栓塞治疗成功,平均血氧饱和度由术前的71％上升为术后的90％,患者术前的相应的临床症状及体征在术后逐渐消失;其中1例出院后1周出现脑梗塞。结论利用介入栓塞术可以有效治疗肺动静脉凄并且方法简单,较外科手术切除创伤小,安全系数高,是值得推广的一种有效的非手术治疗方法。     

血管内栓塞联合手术切除治疗脑动静脉畸形87例

目的 探讨血管内栓塞联合手术切除治疗脑动静脉畸形的有效性。方法 1999－03／2001－03采用血管内栓塞联合手术切除治疗脑动静畸形87例。79例以自发性颅内出血起病,4例为头痛,4例表现为癫痫。根据Spetzler-Martin计分标准,I级9例,Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级12例,Ⅳ级43例,Ⅴ级12例。血管内栓塞剂为NBCA,栓后显微外科手术切除。结果 通过血管内栓塞治疗,57例达到75％以上的闭塞率,占66％。AVM病灶闭塞在50％－75％22例,占25％,闭塞率小于50％8例,占9％。栓后手术完全切除病灶82例,占94％,次全或大部切除5例,占6％。术后3例遗留偏瘫或失语,死亡1例,术后并发症发生率为4．6％。结论 血管内栓塞联合手术切除是治疗脑动静脉畸形的有效方法,特别是对大型动静脉畸形,治愈率高,致残率和死亡率低。     

Glubran 2胶栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形25例体会

目的 探讨Glubran 2在脑动静脉畸形（AVM）栓塞治疗中的初步临床应用。方法 应用Glubran2对25例DSA确诊的脑AVM进行栓塞治疗。AVM直径在3～8cm,其中直径〉6cm的大型AVM3例。选用Ultraflow或Marathon微导管,每支供血动脉的注胶时间10～20sec。结果 栓塞结束时复查血管造影,畸形血管团闭塞30％～50％3例,50％～80％2例,80％～90％10例,〉90％10例。全部患者随访2～12个月无再出血。结论 Glubran2弥散均匀,热稳定性好,聚合速度可控制,娴熟掌握注胶技巧和控制返流能够提高脑AVM的栓塞疗效。     

16层螺旋CT血管成像在肺动脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的评价多层螺旋CT肺血管成像（MSCTPA）对肺动静脉畸形（PAVMs）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析10例肺动静脉畸形的临床和MSCT表现。采用16层螺旋CT扫描仪,增强后分两期扫描,延迟时间分别为7～9s和21～23s。图像传后处理工作站进行血管重建,重建方法包括VR、MIP、MPR。结果CTA后处理血管重建可以显示供血动脉、畸形血管团、引流静脉,供血动脉的来源、引流静脉的去处也充分易显示。按病变形态与影像表现,肺动静脉畸形CT后处理表现分为三型：单纯型5例,复杂型2例,弥漫型3例。临床上单纯型均为体检发现,复杂型2例中1例体检发现,1例表现反复咯血;弥漫型3例患者均表现低氧血症。结论不同类型PAVMs,其临床表现、CT征象各异。MSCTPA可取代常规血管造影成为PAVMs的首选检查和诊断方法。     

应用Onyx胶介入治疗脑动静脉畸形12例分析

目的:探讨新型液体栓塞剂Onyx胶在脑动静脉畸形血管内栓塞治疗中的应用价值及技术要点.方法:对采用Onyx胶栓塞治疗的12例脑动静脉畸形患者的临床资料进行分析.其中畸形血管团小于3 cm 6例,3～6 cm 4例,大于6 cm 2例,Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级2例.结果:本组Onyx胶介入治疗的技术成功率为100%;6例完全栓塞,2例获90%栓塞,4例获75%栓塞.结论:Onyx胶是治疗脑动静脉畸形较为理想的栓塞材料;掌握栓塞技巧可以减少并发症的发生;Onyx胶介入治疗脑动静脉畸形的长期疗效有待随访结果的验证.     

Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer: technical aspects

Background Endovascular therapy plays an important role in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations （BAVMs）. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer （Onyx） is a novel liquid embolic material. This study aimed to summarize our experience of using Onyx for embolization of BAVMs with the focus on embolization technique. Methods From September 2003 to November 2007, 115 patients （43 women and 72 men, with a mean age of 29 years） with BAVMs were endovascularly treated with Onyx in our department. The following features of all AVMs were evaluated prior to treatment： type of nidus and shunt, draining veins, and feeding arteries. A total of 196 endovascular procedures were performed. Results The course of endovascular treatment was completed in 88 patients. Additional sessions were planned in 27 patients. Of the 88 patients, total occlusion was obtained in 23 patients （26.1%）, near-total （〉80% of the original volume） occlusion was obtained in 35 patients （39.8%） and partial occlusion （〈80% of the original volume） was obtained in 30 patients （34.1%） using embolization as the sole therapeutic technique. Mean volume reduction was 72% （range 30%-100%） in 115 patients. Thirty four patients （38.6%, 34/88） underwent radiosurgical treatment. Additional embolization sessions were planned in 27 patients. Complications occurred in 19 patients （16.5%, 19/115）, leading to death in one patient （mortality 0.9%） and permanent disabling in 3 patients （morbidity 2.6%）. Conclusions Onyx was shown to be feasible and safe for embolization of BAVMs. Proper use of the Onyx injection technique largely improved the endovascular treatment of BAVMs. Large AVMs can be adequately reduced in size through the use of additional treatment.     

Transarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: A single center experience

BackgroundTransarterial embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is usually associated with inadequate embolization. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of transarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial DAVFs with an emphasis on treatment outcome with this new embolic agent in different types of DAVFs.MethodsIn the past 3 years, a total of 14 intracranial DAVFs have been treated by transarterial Onyx embolization. Among these, there were nine males and five females, aged from 30 years to 82 years (mean = 62 years). We retrospectively analyzed the injection volume and time of Onyx embolization as well as outcomes in different types of DAVFs.ResultsThe locations of the DAVFs were sigmoid sinus (n = 6), tentorium (n = 3), sinus confluence (n = 2), transverse–sigmoid sinus (n = 1), sigmoid sinus–jugular bulb (n = 1) and the superior petrous sinus (n = 1). The mean volume and time of Onyx injection were 3.4 mL and 28 minutes, respectively (Cognard type I: 4.9 mL, 40 minutes; type II: 4.5 mL, 34 minutes; type III: 2.2 mL, 21 minutes; type IV: 2 mL, 22 minutes). Total fistula occlusion was achieved in six out of seven patients of type III and type IV DAVFs, and in four out of seven patients of type I and type II DAVFs. Nine patients had total resolution of their symptoms, whereas partial regression occurred in five patients. No significant periprocedural complication was found. Mean clinical follow-up period was 16 months.ConclusionTransarterial Onyx embolization of intracranial DAVFs is safe and effective. This technique is particularly useful in type III and type IV DAVFs with a high cure rate, and lower volume of Onyx as well as a short injection time.     

483例脑动静脉畸形患者不同治疗方法的治疗结果分析

目的:对脑动静脉畸形各种治疗方法的优缺点进行分析探讨。方法:483例脑动静脉畸形患者分为显微手术治疗组、伽玛刀治疗组、血管内治疗组、保守治疗组,通过随访(平均随访时间2.5年),分析各治疗方法的疗效、风险及预后。结果:显微手术治疗组的全切除率为93.5%,近期并发症发生率为29.4%,远期永久性并发症的发生率为6.75%,再出血率为1.84%,总病死率为1.23%。伽玛刀治疗组无近期并发症,远期并发症率为3.6%,再出血率为12.5%,无死亡。血管内治疗组近期并发症发生率为19.9%,远期永久性并发症发生率为6.0%,再出血率为21%,总病死率为7.0%。保守治疗组再出血率为3.33%,无死亡。结论:显微手术治疗仍是治疗动静脉畸形最可靠的方法,伽玛刀和血管内治疗是多手段联合治疗中的重要组成部分。     

Endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate

Wetreated40patientsofcerebralarteriovenousmalformation(AVM)byintravascularembolizationwithN--butyl--2--cyanoacrylate(NBCA,developedbytheGeneralHospitalofPI-A)inrecentyears,andobtainedgoodresults.PATIENTSANDMETHODSTwenty--fivemaleand15femalepatientswithAVM,agedfrom14to61yearsold,withanaverageof31.4years,wereenrolledinthisstudy.Clinicalmanifestationincludedseizurein19patients(47.5%)whichweregeneralduringanattack;intracranialhemorrhagein16(40.0%),severeheadachein4(12.5%),elevationofi…     

Endovascular embolization for gastrointestinal bleeding caused by splenic arteriovenous fistula

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common acute clinical emergency, with a mortality rate of 5%-12%.Most gastrointestinal bleeding is self-limited, but a small number of cases are difficult to treat due to an untraceable site and cause of bleeding, massive bleeding, serious illness, or other complications. Conservative treatment usually cannot achieve effective hemostasis.2 Blind exploratory laparotomy is risky and often leads to delayed postoperative recovery. In some cases,     

血管内栓塞治疗在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的作用

目的：评价血管内栓塞在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的意义。方法：1999－03／2001－03采用血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形148例,其中栓塞后87例采用显微外科手术切除,9例建议行政放射外科治疗。根据Spetzler-Martin计分标准。Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级20例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级50例,Ⅴ级35例,Ⅵ级4例。治疗主要采用血管内栓塞治疗,及栓塞后显微外科切除和г－刀或X－刀治疗。结果：148例血管内栓塞治疗的脑AVM,100％闭塞33例（22．3％）,75％以上闭塞66例（44．6％）,闭塞50－75％26例（17．6％）,闭塞小于50％23例（15．5％）,栓塞后并发症4例（2．7％）。87例栓塞后接受显微外科手术切除,病灶完全切除82例（94％）,次全或大部切除5例（6％）,术后4例出现并发症（4．6％）。9例接受放射外科治疗的患,3例照射后2a随访造影显示病灶完全闭塞,无照射相关的并发症。结论：包括显微神经外科手术,血管内栓塞和放射外科在内的综合治疗是治疗脑AVM的安全、有效的手段,单纯栓塞除可治愈部分病例外,通过栓塞可使大部分AVM病灶减少,适合于手术切除和放射外科治疗,成功率高,并发症低。     

Percutaneous Transluminal Embolization with CoilsTreatment of Pulmonary Arteniovenous Malformations

The clinical values of coils emboliztion in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated.eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization.Chest X-ray (11 cases),computer tomogaphy(7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization.Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization.the follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils.The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus,hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 has no symptoms.9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely.7/7,2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases.Embolization was performed in 29 vessels.Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization.Slight complications occurred in 6 patients,such as low fever,chest pain,pleurisy.The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively.No primary and secondary device migration,and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred.It was concluded that coils emboliztion is a well-established method for treating PAVMs.It is minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with hight efficiency and less complication.     

脑动静脉畸形手术前和放射外科治疗前的栓塞治疗

目的：探讨脑动静脉畸形手术前和放射外科治疗前栓塞方法的特点和效果。方法：21例在术前或放射外科治疗前均以α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）进行栓塞,其中2例先以真丝线段栓塞以减慢血流,再以NBCA栓塞。结果：7例拟行手术患和14例拟行放射外科治疗患栓塞后畸形血管团体积均有不同程度缩小。结论：手术前和放射外科治疗前行畸形血管团的栓塞,可明显提高脑动静脉畸形手术和放射外科治疗的效果。     

血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的临床研究

目的 探讨α－氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）生物胶血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的效果及技术要点。方法 对469例脑动静脉畸形应用微导管技术,在数字减影血管造影监视下行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 成功栓塞469例脑动静脉畸形,467例痊愈,2例死亡。469例病人共行1108次栓塞,栓塞次数1－8次／例,平均2．3次。栓塞程度：100％栓塞155例,90％－100％栓塞93例,80％－90％栓塞105例,70％－80％栓塞78例,60％－70％栓塞27例,栓塞60％以下11例。栓塞后行γ-刀（或X－刀）放射治疗117例、手术切除32例。并发症有脑梗死1例,于尿激酶溶栓后恢复,脑出血4例,2例导管断裂滞留畸形团内。结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形是一种安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段。