医学生考试期间心理卫生状况调查

了解医学生考试期间的心理状况。方法 有杉ＳＣＬ－９０，ＳＡＳ，ＳＤＳ对考试期间医学生的心理卫生状况进行调查。结果 医学生考试期间心理问题发生率占４８．００％，常见的心理问题为人人际关系敏感，强迫，敌对，偏执和抑郁；中度以上焦虑抑郁的发生率分别为４．５７％和８．００％。结论考试期间学生具有较高的心理问题发生率，并对之提出干预对策。     

Correlates of quality of life in primary care patients with hypertension

BACKGROUND: Hypertension has been associated with lower levels of quality of life (QoL). However, the specific correlates of lower QoL in this patient population have remained largely unclear. METHODS: A cross-sectional design of 1,125 primary care patients with hypertension. We evaluated demographics, health status, subjective health and mental health, health behaviors, health beliefs, knowledge of hypertension treatment, satisfaction with medical care, and quality of medical care as potential predictors of QoL and perceived QoL in the hypothetical absence of hypertension. RESULTS: Worse financial status, poorer blood pressure control, worse subjective health, mental distress, lack of hypertension diet, and irregular hypertension care were all associated with worse QoL. Worse financial status, poorer blood pressure control, higher body mass index, mental distress, and following a hypertension diet were associated with better QoL in the hypothetical absence of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to taking into consideration well known determinants of QoL, such as financial status, health status, and mental health, physicians need to be aware of the potential tradeoff between following medical recommendations that advocate for a strict diet and the impact these have on patients' QoL. Physicians also need to be aware of the effect of imparting information regarding imbalanced blood pressure on perceived QoL.     

大学生对自身心理健康影响因素的认知和评估

目的了解大学生心理健康现状及对自身心理健康影响因素的认识与评估。方法采用SCL90问卷和自编《大学生心理健康状况调查表》,对驻济四所大学的579名大学生的心理健康状况和对心理健康影响因素的认识与评估进行了调查。结果大学生心理问题的发生率为25.91%,影响大学生心理健康的首位因素为被人歧视和误解,选择率为67.2%,其次为就业困难(52.5%)、学习压力大(45.4%)和考研(42.1%),且不同性别,不同年级和不同专业存在着一定差别。相关分析表明,SCL90总均分与大学生心理问题的10个影响因素均呈非常显著正相关(r=0.2260～0.131,P<0.001～0.05)。结论大学生自我评估的影响自身心理健康的10个因素与其心理健康状况之间存在显著正相关。     

性别、负性情绪对医学生自杀态度的影响

目的 探讨性别、负性情绪对医学生自杀态度的影响。方法 使用自杀态度调查表、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对291名大学一年级医学生进行评定。结果 不同性别医学生对自杀4个维度的态度无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有负性情绪的医学生在对自杀行为性质的态度和对安乐死的态度2个维度与无负性情绪的医学生存在显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.05)。结论 医学生对自杀的态度明显受负性情绪影响,而与性别无关。     

少数民族聚集地区卫校学生心理卫生状况调查

目的　了解少数民族聚集地区卫校学生的心理健康状况。方法　采用心理卫生自评量表 (SCL -90 )对 170名少数民族卫生学校学生进行了调查。结果　少数民族聚集地区卫校学生的SCL - 90总均分及各因子分均显著高于国内 (青年组 )常模 (P <0 .0 0 1)。高年级躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、偏执因子分高于低年级 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　少数民族学生的心理健康问题相对突出 ,应予以重视及相应干预     

Negative life events and mental health of Chinese medical students: the effect of resilience, personality and social support

The present study was conducted on a large sample of Chinese medical students to test the moderating effect of resilience between negative life events and mental health problems, and investigate the factors that affect the mental health problems of the students. The Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Eysenck Adult Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Social Support Rating Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Symptom Check List were adopted for a survey with 1,998 Chinese medical students as respondents. Mental health problems had a positive correlation with negative life events and neuroticism. On the other hand, mental health problems had a negative correlation with social support, extraversion, and resilience. Regression analysis showed that resilience moderated negative life events and mental health problems. Promoting resilience may be helpful for the adjustment of college students.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下非一线医务人员的焦虑抑郁情绪

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下非一线医务人员的焦虑、抑郁情绪,并探讨其可能原因及对策。方法采用随机抽样方法选取四川省某三甲医院432名医务人员作为研究对象,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对其焦虑、抑郁症状进行评定,并通过单因素分析寻找高危人群。结果非一线医务人员SAS评分为(39. 04±8. 47)分,焦虑症状检出率为12. 3%;SDS评分为(42. 57±11. 29)分,抑郁症状检出率为22. 2%。单因素分析显示,女性SAS、SDS评分均高于男性(t=3. 119,P=0. 002;t=3. 233,P=0. 001),女性焦虑症状检出率高于男性(χ2=6. 391,P=0. 012),护士SAS、SDS评分高于医生(t=3. 477,P=0. 001;t=2. 733,P=0. 007)。结论在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,非一线医务人员的焦虑、抑郁症状检出率较高,女性和护士是出现焦虑、抑郁情绪的高危人群。     

急性应激后及时心理干预的有效性研究

目的探讨急性应激事件后及时心理干预的效果。方法对接触到杀人现场的32名学生进行访谈式干预和进行SCL-90、SAS、SDS测试比较。结果经过干预，研究群体在应激事件发生后心理健康状况有显著性改善，SCL-90（总分、阳性项目数、躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖）得分均有所下降；SAS（焦虑无助情绪）、SDS（悲观哀伤情绪）等指标显著性好转。结论急性应激后及时进行心理干预是有效的。     

Stressors and psychological symptoms in students of medicine and allied health professions in Nigeria

Background Studies suggest that high levels of stress and psychological morbidity occur in health care profession students. This study investigates stressors and psychological morbidity in students of medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy and nursing at the University of Ibadan. Methods The students completed a questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stressors and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Qualitative methods were used initially to categorise stressors. Data was then analysed using univariate and logistic regression to determine odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Medical and dental students were more likely to cite as stressors, overcrowding, strikes, excessive school work and lack of holidays while physiotherapy and nursing students focused on noisy environments, security and transportation. Medical and dental students (1.66; SD: 2.22) had significantly higher GHQ scores than the physiotherapy and nursing students (1.22; SD: 1.87) (t = 2.3; P = 0.022). Socio-demographic factors associated with psychological morbidity after logistic regression include being in a transition year of study, reporting financial distress and not being a ‘Pentecostal Christian’. Although males were more likely to perceive financial and lecturer problems as stressors and females to perceive faculty strikes and overcrowding as source of stress, gender did not have any significant effect on psychological morbidity. Stressors associated with psychological distress in the students include excessive school work, congested classrooms, strikes by faculty, lack of laboratory equipment, family problems, insecurity, financial and health problems. Conclusion Several identified stressors such as financial problems, academic pressures and their consequent effect on social life have an adverse effect on the mental health of students in this environment especially for students of medicine and dentistry. While stressors outside the reach of the school authorities are difficult to control, academic support including providing a conducive learning environment, advice on means for sustenance, added support during periods of transition are key areas for interventions.     

Development of the knowledge about memory loss and care (KAML-C) test

The purpose of this study was to develop a test to assess the knowledge of family caregivers concerning memory loss, the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and related care issues. A total of 31 multiple-choice items were generated in three domains: medical information, caregiving, and legal/financial planning. The test was administered to experts in the field of dementia research and care, medical students, and family caregivers. Item analysis procedures were then used to reduce the test to 15 items. Results suggest that the Knowledge about Memory Loss and Care (KAML-C) test is a reliable and valid test for examining the knowledge level of family caregivers with a relative in the early stages of dementia.     

Sex differences in schizophrenia: epidemiology,genetics and the brain

Abstract

Recruitment in psychiatry has been an ongoing challenge worldwide; Turkey is no exception. In this article we have reviewed the issue from multiple aspects. Negative opinions on psychiatry among medical students have been associated with various matters, such as problems with scientific soundness, stigma, prestige and financial incentives. It has been reported that these negative opinions could be reversed by clinical exposure, improved knowledge base and increased affiliation with the field. Unfortunately, reversed attitudes do not have permanency. Considering that there has not been any study focusing on recruitment problems in Turkey, we attempted to provide a perspective by reporting the results of our study conducted with Turkish medical students. Attractive qualities of psychiatry were of particular interest. We found that brain research, neuroscience, philosophy, psychotherapy and academics are main areas of interest in psychiatry. We attempt to discuss our findings in view of current literature while noting current setbacks of psychiatry residency training in Turkey. We conclude that there exists a great need for working strategies in order to improve recruitment in psychiatry, addressing the stigma and correcting false beliefs such as treatment inefficacy or compromised scientific solidity.     

Psychological determinants of a medical career

To test the hypothesis that reparation for childhood experience is a factor in the choice of a medical career, a questionnaire was given to first year students in medicine, with first year law students as a control group. When students who chose the same occupation as their parents were eliminated from the sample, male medical students were more likely to have experienced illness in the family during childhood than male law students. Both male and female law students were more likely to have experienced legal problems in the family during childhood.     

Are emotional symptoms and depression among young people with parental alcohol problems modified by socioeconomic position?

The aim was to test the hypothesis that parental alcohol problems and low socioeconomic position would be associated with higher odds ratio of emotional symptoms and depression as compared to high socioeconomic position and parental alcohol problems. Data came from Danish National Youth Study 2014, a web-based national survey with 75,853 high school and vocational school students participating, merged with register-data on family socioeconomic position. Multi-level logistic regression models (nesting participants within schools) were used to assess the association between perceived parental alcohol problems and frequent emotional symptoms and depression and effect modification by financial strains in the family, family income, or parental educational level. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, immigration status, and cohabitation with parents. Young people with parental alcohol problems had higher odds ratio of experiencing frequent emotional symptoms (OR = 1.56 [1.46–1.66]) and depression (OR = 2.07 [1.88–2.28]), compared to young people without parental alcohol problems. There was no effect modification between severity of parental alcohol problems and the measures of socioeconomic position on the odds ratio of frequent emotional symptoms and depression. This study found that young people with parental alcohol problems in all social strata had higher odds ratios of frequent emotional symptoms and depression compared to young people without parental alcohol problems; the more severely they had been affected by parent’s alcohol problems, the higher the odds ratios of frequent emotional symptoms and depression.

     

儿童期虐待、自尊、自我效能感对医学生焦虑抑郁影响的路径分析

目的:探讨医学生儿童期虐待、自尊、自我效能感与焦虑抑郁症状的关系。方法:采用整群抽样法,对某医学院262名医学生进行调查,使用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、自尊量表(SES)、一般自我效能感(GSES)、贝克抑郁自评问卷、焦虑自评量表等问卷进行现场测试,用结构方程模型分析软件Amos7.0作路径分析。结果:儿童期虐待对焦虑、抑郁有直接正向影响(Sβ=0.342,0.389;P<0.01),对自尊、自我效能感有直接负向影响(Sβ=-0.130,-0.148;P<0.05);自尊对焦虑、抑郁有直接负向影响(Sβ=-0.061,-0.217;P<0.05),自我效能感对焦虑、抑郁有直接负向影响(Sβ=-0.133,-0.087;P<0.05)。结论:自尊、自我效能感作为中介变量调节儿童期虐待对医学生焦虑、抑郁症状的影响。     

城乡大学生焦虑及社交焦虑的调查分析

目的 了解城乡大学生焦虑及社交焦虑状况。方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社交苦恼及回避量表(SAD)、交往焦虑量表(IAS)、自我意识的社交焦虑量表(SASS)对122名城乡大学生进行测量分析。结果 SAS显示大学生焦虑状态检出率为38．52％；SAS均分显著高于常模；城镇大学生，较之来自农村大学生焦虑状态更为突出；其他量表未显示出差异。结论 大学生存在一定程度的焦虑情绪，城镇大学生更为突出，城乡大学生在社交焦虑方面没有区别。     

The level of prepulse inhibition in healthy individuals may index cortical modulation of early information processing

This study examined whether baseline PPI levels reflect individual efficiency in tasks associated with routine versus supervisory attentional systems (SAS). PPI and neuropsychological data were collected from 30 healthy male subjects. High PPI was associated with shorter movement times on the 5-choice Reaction Time and shorter Subsequent Thinking Times in the Stockings of Cambridge test. These data suggest that high-PPI status reflects greater efficiency in tasks that engage SAS.     

新冠肺炎疫情下大学生心理健康现状及求助方式调查

目的 调查新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下大学生心理健康现状,为对其进行心理干预提供参考.方法 采用电子问卷的方式,通过问卷星网络平台,随机对四川省某高校在读大学生进行调查,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及躯体化症状自评量表(SSS)评估其焦虑、抑郁及躯体化症状情况,同时使用自制问卷调查其求助方式...     

Examination stress results in altered cardiovascular responses to acute challenge and lower cortisol

The present study examined how cardiovascular and salivary cortisol responses varied in response to an acute challenge in medical students under exam stress versus those not under exam stress. One hundred and twenty-nine medical students were randomly assigned to undertake a CO2 inhalation test either prior to an examination period (exam group) or during a regular academic period (non-exam group). Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured for 5 min before and 5 min after the task, and salivary cortisol samples were collected 1 min before and 10 and 30 min after the CO2 inhalation test. Participants also completed a questionnaire measuring self-reported perceived stress. The exam group exhibited significantly higher HR reactivity following the CO2 inhalation test and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery compared with the non-exam group. The exam group also reported higher perceived stress and higher stress scores were related to higher HR reactivity following CO2 inhalation. Female students across both groups exhibited significantly lower SBP reactivity compared with male students. Salivary cortisol levels were consistently lower in the exam group. These findings indicate that ongoing natural stress alters cortisol secretion and cardiovascular responses in the face of an acute stress challenge.     

医学生心理健康状况及其与个性特征的关系

目的了解医学大学生的心理健康状态,探讨医学大学生的个性特征与心理健康的关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL90)和艾森克成人个性问卷(EPQ)对507名医学大学生进行心理卫生评估。结果三年级医学生心理健康水平高于全国常模和大学生样本,精神医学专业学生心理健康水平高于临床医学专业学生,心理健康水平与个性外倾和对精神卫生知识的了解程度呈正相关,与个性不稳定呈负相关。结论医学大学生心理健康状况与个性特征相关,高等院校应加强精神卫生知识的普及,有针对性地进行健康教育。     

Sleep quality and more common sleep-related problems in medical students

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to conduct a survey based on a questionnaire that would characterize nighttime and daytime habits in medical students; to estimate how subjective sleep quality is associated with nighttime and daytime habits and sleep problems in students; to estimate how academic progress and workload is associated with subjective sleep quality, nighttime and daytime habits and sleep problems in students; and to estimate the prevalence of self-reported sleep problems in Estonian medical students. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 413 medical students of the University of Tartu, aged 19-33 years. The self-reported Sleep and Daytime Habits Questionnaire (S&DHQ) covered demographic characteristics (4 questions) and sleep and daytime habits (24 questions). Of the latter, 18 multiple-choice questions provided answers expressed as discontinuous variables on a nominal scale, 4 questions provided answers expressed as continuous variables on an interval scale, and 2 questions provided answers expressed as quality characterization on a five-point scale. The supplement includes information about lifestyle and academic progress on a four-point scale. RESULTS: The S & DHQ could be used to study sleep problems in young medical students. The subjective sleep quality of students was as follows: excellent-29%; good-40%; satisfactory-24%; poor 6%; very poor-1%. Sleep quality is associated with academic progress (R=0.174; P<0.001), leisure activity (R=0.210; P<0.001), and living conditions (R=0.195; P<0.001). Sleep quality is not associated with students' daily (R=0.021; P>0.05) or nightly workload (R=0.0664; P>0.05). Daytime sleepiness poses a significant problem for students and is associated both with sleep disorders and work while studying. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that complaints about sleep problems are common in young medical students.