预防对比剂肾病的策略与进展

对比剂肾病（CIN）是碘造影剂所导致的肾脏并发症,是医源性肾功能不全的常见病因之一。虽然对比剂肾病总的发生率相对较低,但其后果较为严重,可导致患者住院时间延长、透析治疗甚至是死亡。基础肾功能不全、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭和对比剂使用剂量是CIN的危险因素。水化治疗是目前唯一被临床研究所证实的CIN预防策略,可降低高危患者CIN风险。对于其他的辅助治疗和器械治疗是否具有预防CIN作用尚需更多研究加以证实。     

对比剂肾病发病机制及其预防策略的研究进展

对比剂肾病(CIN)是导致医院获得性急性肾损伤的第3大病因,其发病机制可能与氧自由基损伤、对比剂对肾小管的毒性作用、肾脏血流动力学改变等有关。目前,临床通常采用水化治疗预防CIN的发生,但CIN高危人群采用单纯水化治疗的预防效果不佳。本文主要综述了CIN发病机制及其预防策略的研究进展。     

对比剂肾病的预防治疗进展

正研究显示,对比剂肾病(contrast induced nepheopathy,CIN)首次报道于1954年,Barrels E首次报道了,有关对比剂应用及介入治疗术后出现急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)~([1]),从此医学界开始关注CIN的发生,该病为对比剂严重的并发症,且该并发症为医源性肾功能损害的三大病因之一,发病率约3.3%~10.5%~([2]),近日相关研究显示,发病率可能并未达这么高,可能将其他相关性肾损伤误认为CIN~([3]),但目前仍存在争议。     

对比剂肾病

<正>随着冠心病介入治疗的深入开展,对比剂的使用越来越广泛,随之出现的肾损害病例逐渐增多,这一问题在临床工作中已引起重视,目前临床上把应用含碘对比剂后合并急性肾功能不全的复杂综     

他汀类药物预防对比剂肾病的最新进展

<正>随着影像学检查特别是冠状动脉介入技术的全面发展,对比剂肾病(contrast induced nephropathy,CIN)发病率也逐年上升,已经成为住院患者急性肾功能衰竭的第三大致病因素。目前,对于CIN尚无理想的预防和治疗手段。他汀类药物具备调脂和抗炎、抗氧化、内皮保护等多重作用,其预防CIN的作用日益受到关注。现对他汀类药物预防CIN的效果和可能机制等作一综述。     

维生素C预防对比剂肾病的临床研究

目的:探讨对拟行冠状动脉动脉造影的基础肾功能不全患者应用维生素C预防对比剂肾病的有效性。方法:研究前瞻性随机对照临床试验,连续入选156例肾小球滤过率<60mL·min-1.1.73m-2和/或血清肌酐≥1.1mg/L拟行冠状动脉动脉造影的患者,随机分为2组。干预组(n=74)在水化基础上于造影前经静脉给予维生素C3g及造影后给予口服维生素C0.5g/bid,2d,对照组(n=82)仅生理盐水水化;所有患者均于术前及术后接受常规水化。结果:维生素C干预组与对照组,在主要终点指标即术后48h内血清肌酐峰值变化上,2组之间差异无统计学意义(0.002±0.164)mg/L vs(0.027±0.2     

他汀类药物预防对比剂肾病的研究进展

对比剂肾病(CIN)是一种血管造影术中使用对比剂出现的严重并发症,它在常见的医院获得性急性肾损伤中居第三位。对比剂肾病的发病机理尚不完全清楚,一些研究发现他汀类药物对预防对比剂肾病具有重要意义。虽然在一些患者中需要使用透析治疗,但CIN的治疗主要为支持治疗,包括小心液体的输入和电解质纠正,因此,最佳的治疗就是预防为主。该文主要对CIN的流行病学、发病机理和他汀类药物预防作用及可能机制进行综述。     

慢性肾脏病患者对比剂肾病的预防

对比剂肾病(conctrast induced nephrology,CIN)是指造影术后48～72h内血清肌酐(SCr)急性升高≥44μmol/L(≥0.5mg/dl)或较基础值升高≥25%,并排除其他原因导致的急性肾损伤(AKI)。CIN不仅增加患者近期死亡率,而且影响远期预后,即使SCr恢复正常其5年死亡率也显著高于非CIN患者,使患者远期死亡率升高2.7倍。     

对比剂肾病及他汀类药物对其预防的研究进展

随着现代影像学的发展和心脏介入诊治术中对比剂的广泛应用,由对比剂引起的急性肾功能衰竭己成为当前医源性肾功能衰竭的第3位常见原因,带来了患者死亡率上升、治疗费用增加和住院时间延长等问题。目前,对比剂肾病（contrast—induced nephropathy,CIN）最常用的定义为：     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

冠状动脉介入治疗致对比剂肾病的护理预防

随着冠心病介入治疗的广泛开展,对比剂的用量越来越多,对比剂相关性肾损害（又称造影剂肾病,CIN）已经成为医院内发生肾功能衰竭的第三位原因,成为冠心病介入治疗领域继＂再狭窄、血栓＂之后的第三大难题。CIN的发生不仅延长患者的住院时间、增加医疗费用,还使患者的病死率明显增加,因此对其预防、治疗及护理显得尤为重要。     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

目的 研究大剂量(80 mg)阿托伐他汀在对比剂肾病预防中的作用.方法 将100例行冠状动脉介入诊断与治疗的患者随机分为大剂量组和小剂量组,在全部采用水化治疗和给予阿托伐他汀10 mg/d的基础上,大剂茸组术前12～24 h阿托伐他汀加量至80 mg口服.观察术前、术后血清肌酐(Scr),内生肌酐清除率(Ccr),血β2-微球蛋白,尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖酸苷酶(NAG)/尿肌酐(Cr),尿渗透压的改变情况.结果 血β2-微球蛋白于术后1、3、5 d时,大剂量组显著低于小剂量组[(2.35±0.52)mg/L比(2.67±0.64)mg/L,P=0.008]、[(2.49±0.55)mg/L比(2.80±0.64)mg/L,P=0.011]、[(2.29±0.53)mg/L比(2.56±0.66)mg/L,P=0.026];尿NAG/Cr于术后1、3、5 d时,大剂量组显著低于小剂量组[(1.19±0.30)U/mmol比(1.46±0.34)U/mmol,P＜0.001]、[(1.30±0.30)U/mmol比(1.59±0.33)U/mmol,P＜0.001]、[(1.10±0.30)U/mmol比(1.34±0.35)U/mmol,P=0.001];Ccr术后1、3 d大剂量组显著高于小剂量组[(73.69±20.99)ml/min比(65.19±18.72)ml/min,P=0.035]、[(64.04±15.82)ml/min比(56.79±14.50)ml/min,P=0.019].结论 血管造影前使用大剂最(80 mg)的阿托伐他汀可能有助于减少对比剂肾病的发生.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.