糖尿病患者甲状腺功能指标与尿微量白蛋白的相关性及其临床意义分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能指标与尿微量白蛋白的相关性及其临床意义。方法选取2017年1月～2019年1月我院病房收治的2型糖尿病患者320例。根据尿微量白蛋白将患者分为两组,正常白蛋白尿组和微量白蛋白尿组,记录两组患者一般资料;检测两组患者尿白蛋白、甲状腺功能指标、血脂、糖化血红蛋白等指标。结果微量白蛋白尿组患者的FT3明显低于正常白蛋白尿组,TSH高于正常白蛋白尿组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的FT4差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);微量白蛋白尿组患者的微量白蛋白水平明显高于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05);微量白蛋白尿组患者的HbA1c高于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05);采用Spearman线性相关性分析法分析结果显示,尿微量白蛋白与年龄、TSH以及HbA1c正相关,与FT3负相关;采用Logistic回归分析结果可见,病程、高血压、HbA1c与FT3是尿微量白蛋白的影响因素。结论 2型糖尿病患者的尿微量白蛋白与HbA1c呈正相关,与FT3的水平呈负相关,甲状腺功能检测可作为糖尿病肾病早期筛查的检查手段,在预防和及早诊治糖尿病肾病方面具有一定的临床价值。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素水平与微量白蛋白尿的相关性分析

目的 :观察 2型糖尿病伴微量白蛋白尿患者血浆内皮素水平 ,并与正常白蛋白尿组比较 ,了解 2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素水平与尿白蛋白排泄率是否相关。方法 :选择 4 6例无高血压、肾炎、尿路感染病史的 2型糖尿病作为研究对象 ,分为正常白蛋白尿组和微量白蛋白尿组。两组均测血压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清肌酐、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿白蛋白排泄率和血浆内皮素。两组血浆内皮素的比较采用t检验 ,两变量间的相关性采用直线回归分析。结果 :2型糖尿病伴微量白蛋白尿组血浆内皮素水平为 (92 1± 2 6 9)pg/ml,而正常白蛋白尿组为 (5 0 8± 7 6 )pg/ml,微量白蛋白尿组血浆内皮素水平显著高于正常白蛋白尿组 (P <0 0 1) ;微量白蛋白尿组血浆内皮素水平与血压、血清肌酐、胆固醇、甘油三酯及糖化血红蛋白间无相关性 ,而与尿白蛋白排泄率呈正相关 (r=0 5 12 ;P <0 0 5 )。结论 :2型糖尿病伴微量白蛋白尿病人血浆内皮素的水平升高 ,且与尿白蛋白排泄率相关。这些发现支持内皮素在 2型糖尿病早期肾病的发生和发展起一定的作用。     

2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者动态血压分析

目的探讨糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者动态血压的特点。方法用放免法测定2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白及正常对照组的尿微量白蛋白,将糖尿病患者分为微量白蛋白尿组和正常白蛋白尿组。两组患者行24 h动态血压监测(ABPM),分析其动态血压的特点。结果 2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者血压昼夜节律消失率、24hSBP、NSP、24hPP、NPP、NMBP明显高于正常白蛋白尿组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而DSBP、24hDBP、DDBP、NDBP、DPP、24hMBP、DMBP差异则无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者的动态血压节律消失,收缩压负荷、夜间收缩压升高明显,收缩压在早期肾损伤具有更重要的作用。     

痛风患者尿白蛋白排泄率与胰岛素抵抗的临床研究

目的 :探讨痛风患者微量白蛋白尿排泄率 (UAER)与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 :选择不伴有糖尿病及原发性肾脏疾病的痛风患者 47例 ,所有病人按是否合并微量白蛋白尿 (MAU ) ,将其分为 MAU组和正常 MAU组 ,测定空腹血糖 (FBG)、胰岛素 (FINS)、血脂、血尿酸 (Ua)、餐后 2 h血糖、胰岛素 ,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)。结果 :空腹、餐后2 h胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性指数 ,MAU组分别为 :(1 5 .2 9± 6 .5 1 ) m U/L、(6 8.6 1± 1 2 .0 5 )m U/L、(- 1 .94± 0 .5 6 ) ,正常 MAU组为 (1 1 .5 4± 4.3 8) m U/L、(45 .2 7± 1 0 .2 2 ) m U/L、(- 1 .76± 0 .49)。上述指标两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 )。结论 :痛风患者合并 MAU时存在高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。     

上海真如社区2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋1h／肌酐比值现况调查

目的：调查分析上海真如社区2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白／肌酐比值（ACR）、白蛋白尿患病率及其影响因素,为社区糖尿病慢性并发症防治工作提供方向和方法。方法：检测真如社区糖尿病门诊建档的824名2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白和尿肌酐并计算尿ACR,同时收集患者的年龄、糖尿病病程、血压、体质量指数（BMI）、血肌酐（cr）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）等基本情况,通过简化MDRD公式计算肾小球滤过率（GFR）。结果：在824名糖尿病患者中,微量白蛋白尿和大量白蛋白尿患病率分别为24．15％和3．03％。按年龄分组,白蛋白尿患病率与年龄呈正相关（P〈0．05）。异常白蛋白尿组的GFR〈60ml/（min·1．73m-2）的比例较之正常白蛋白尿组显著升高（23．2％：9．5％,P〈0．05）。按性别分层,在男性患者中,HbA1c、Cr、病程、收缩压和舒张压是影响尿ACR的独立危险因素;而HbA1c、Cr及收缩压是影响女性尿ACR的独立危险因素。结论：糖尿病患者白蛋白尿与HbA1C、血压等可控因素相关,在男性患者中亦与糖尿病病程相关。对于社区糖尿病医务工作者来说,要严格控制患者的血糖和血压,并要早期开展慢性并发症的筛查工作,真正做到早诊断早治疗。     

肝细胞生长因子与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨肝细胞生长因子（HGF）在糖尿病肾病发生、发展中的作用。方法检测正常对照组、单纯糖尿病组、微量白蛋白尿组和蛋白尿组受检者的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、尿蛋白、尿微量白蛋白和血清HGF水平，并分析HGF与HbA1c尿蛋白、尿微量白蛋白的关系。结果单纯糖尿病组、微量白蛋白尿组和蛋白尿组空腹血糖、HbA1c水平与正常对照组比较，差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。蛋白尿组尿蛋白水平与其他3组比较，差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。微量白蛋白尿组和蛋白尿组患者尿微量白蛋白和血清HGF水平与正常对照组、单纯糖尿病组比较，差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血清HGF水平与尿微量白蛋白及HbA1c呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论HGF与糖尿痛肾病的发生、发展有关．检测血清HGF水平可能有助干旱期诊断和评估糖尿病肾病。     

糖尿病肾病患者HbA1c、Cys-C和β2-MG早嫩联合检测的临床意义

目的研究HbA1c、Cys—C和β2-MG联合检测在2型糖尿病肾病早期的诊断价值。方法将94例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为无白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床白蛋白尿组,对照组选取同期门诊健康体检者40例,比较4组间HbA1c、Cys—C和β2-MG水平变化。结果糖尿病肾病组患者HbA1c、Cys—C和β2-MG水平显著升高（P〈0．05）。其中微量白蛋白尿组和临床白蛋白尿组与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;HbA1c与Cys—C和β2-MG水平呈正相关（r=0．2763、0．4518,P〈0．05）;对照组HbA1c、Cys—C和β2-MG的综合阳性检出率为5．0％．而微量白蛋白尿组和临床白蛋白尿组的联合检测阳性率分别为88．6％和93．1％,联合检测的阳性率明显高于对照组（x^2=9．26,P〈0．05）,表明三项联合检测可提高2型早期糖尿病的检出率。结论HbA1c、Cys—C与β2-MG与早期肾脏损伤程度密切相关,三者联合检测对DN的早期诊断、早期治疗及监测有着重要意义。     

2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者sICAM-1的检测及其临床意义

目的:研究2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子(sICAM-1)的水平及其与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的相互关系。方法:采用ELISA法和放免法分别测定30例健康人(正常对照组)、30例2型糖尿病正常白蛋白尿患者、28例2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿患者sICAM-1和UAER水平。结果:①2型糖尿病正常白蛋白尿组sICAM-1水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);②在排除代谢因素影响后(两组年龄、病程、BM I、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1 c等无显著性差异),2型糖尿病组中微量白蛋白尿组与正常白蛋白尿组sICAM-1相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);③2型糖尿病组UAER与sICAM-1正相关,相关系数0.53(P<0.01),尤其在微量白蛋白尿组,相关系数达0.59(P<0.01)。结论:sICAM-1增高可能参与了2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿的发生、发展过程,它的检测可作为早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断、治疗、预后观察的一个临床指标。     

高血压患者脉压与微量白蛋白尿的关系

目的　研究高血压患者脉压与尿白蛋白排泄率及微量白蛋白尿阳性率的关系。方法　选择原发高血压患者 5 8例 ,平均年龄 63 19± 3 62岁。尿白蛋白排泄率在 3 0～ 3 0 0mg/ 2 4h定为微量白蛋白尿阳性。按PP≤ 5 5mmHg ,5 6～75mmHg ,PP >75mmHg分为三个组 ,比较其尿白蛋白排泄率及微量白蛋白尿阳性率。结果　三组中随脉压增高 ,尿白蛋白排泄率依次增高 ,分别为 12 5 4± 9 18mg/ 2 4h、2 3 0 9± 11 5mg/ 2 4h、2 9 97± 5 2 5mg/ 2 4h ;三组的微量白蛋白尿阳性率分别为 13 6%、2 5 %、5 0 %。二者在三组间的差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。脉压、收缩压与UAE呈正相关 ,r值分别为0 671和 0 5 74,P <0 0 0 1。舒张压与UAE呈弱的负相关 ,r =-0 .2 43 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　三组中 ,随着脉压的升高 ,尿白蛋白排泄率及微量白蛋白尿阳性率均相应升高 ,脉压与尿白蛋白排泄率的相关性稍强于收缩压。脉压增大是高血压患者早期肾脏损害的预测因素     

糖尿病患者HbA1c水平与肾脏微血管病变的关系

目的 :探讨糖尿病病人糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)的水平与糖尿病肾脏微血管病变的关系。方法 :采用亲和层析法检测糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)、RIA法检测尿微量白蛋白 (mALB)和 β2 微球蛋白 (β2 MG)。结果 :当糖尿病患者血HbA1c正常时 ,其尿mALB及 β2 MG水平与正常人相比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但随着血HbA1c水平的增高 ,其尿mALB及β2 MG水平随之明显高于正常人 (P <0 .0 1) ,并随血HbA1c水平的升高呈逐步上升趋势 ;糖尿病患者血HbA1c水平与尿mALB及 β2 MG水平之间呈明显的正向关系 ,不同血HbA1c水平患者之间的尿mALB及 β2 MG水平之间差异也存在显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :HbA1c水平与糖尿病肾脏微血管病变密切相关 ,联合检测HbA1c、mALB及 β2 MG ,对于糖尿病肾病的早期预防及诊断有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.