经皮血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的临床观察

目的评价经皮血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效。方法回顾性分析行经皮血管内支架成形术的102例患者的临床资料,其中椎动脉起始段70例,椎动脉颅内段13例,基底动脉19例,重点对手术方法、并发症、疗效进行总结。结果 102例患者中,101例成功置入支架,2例患者出现穿支动脉闭塞,1例因椎动脉颅内段极度纡曲,支架无法到位,采用单纯球囊扩张成形术。术后76例患者随访6³6个月,2例患者出现支架内再狭窄,其中1例再次行球囊扩张成形术,1例再次行血管内置入药物洗脱支架,目前2例患者血管开通均良好。结论经皮血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄安全、有效,中短期疗效满意,长期疗效需进一步的随访观察。     

症状性脑动脉狭窄血管内支架成形术术前术后的护理体会

目的 总结和探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的临床护理问题.方法 回顾和分析34例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者血管内支架成形术的术前、术中和术后护理工作.结果 34例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者行38处血管内支架成形术,成功置入37枚支架.手术成功率97.37%;术中1例出现血管痉挛,1例出现造影剂过敏;术后2例手术穿刺点血肿,1例出现高灌注综合征,全部病例经治疗痊愈出院.结论 术前认真做好相关准备及心理护理,术中和术后密切观察病情变化及细致的护理是预防和减少并发症,提高手术成功率的关键.     

血管支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄47例疗效观察

采用血管支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄患者47例,结果 手术成功率100%;术后随访6～18个月,未发生新卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作,影像学检查显示均无再狭窄.术中出现一过性心率缓慢、血压下降4例,颅内动脉远端血管痉挛2例;术后第2天出现上消化道出血1例,经治疗后症状均消失.提示血管支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄比较安全,短期疗效较好.     

经皮动脉腔内支架成形术联合自体富血小板凝胶涂布治疗糖尿病足（附5例报告）

目的观察下肢经皮动脉腔内支架成形术联合自体富血小板凝胶涂布治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法对5例糖尿病足患者,围手术期予以抗血小板聚集口服及常规治疗。行双下肢DSA,明确狭窄或闭塞血管,行经皮动脉腔内支架成形术,用自体富血小板凝胶外敷创面。术后常规抗凝治疗。结果5例手术均成功。术后患肢供血改善,伤口愈合。术后3—6个月,均未出现血管狭窄。结论下肢经皮动脉腔内支架成形术联合自体富血小板凝胶是治疗糖尿病足安全、有效的方法。     

血管内支架成形术在症状性脑血管狭窄治疗中应用的初步探讨

目的 探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的效果及安全性.方法 对33例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者进行了37处血管内支架成形术治疗,其中颈内动脉颅外段狭窄14处,颈内动脉颅内段狭窄3处,大脑中动脉狭窄3处,椎动脉颅外段狭窄13处,椎动脉颅内段2处,锁骨下动脉2处.结果 本组33例患者行37处支架置入术,其中成功置入35枚支架,手术成功率94.59%;1例手术中并发脑血管痉挛,1例手术中并发造影剂过敏,1例手术后并发高灌注综合征.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄是安全有效的,其远期疗效尚待进一步随访观察.     

经皮血管内支架术治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄11例报道

目的观察经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅外脑供血动脉狭窄的疗效、安全性和并发症。方法选择11例伴随临床症状的颅外脑动脉狭窄患者实施经皮血管腔内支架成形术,通过临床症状、经颅多普勒和全脑血管造影术评价其疗效,术后随访2～6个月。结果11例支架植入术成功率为100%,术中即刻造影显示狭窄程度明显改善,狭窄率由术前的88.91%±5.92%,下降到术后的7.73%±4.67%,下降了91.32%±5.17%。术后随访2～6个月,未见新的短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死,经颅多普勒复查未见再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄的一个安全有效的手段。     

红皮血管内支架术治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄11例报道

目的 观察经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅外脑供血动脉狭窄的疗效、安全性和并发症.方法 选择11例伴随临床症状的颅外脑动脉狭窄患者实施经皮血管腔内支架成形术,通过临床症状、经颅多普勒和全脑血管造影术评价其疗效,术后随访2～6个月.结果 11例支架植入术成功率为100%,术中即刻造影显示狭窄程度明显改善,狭窄率由术前的88.91%±5.92%,下降到术后的7.73%±4.67%,下降了91.32%±5.17%.术后随访2～6个月,未见新的短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死,经颅多普勒复查未见再狭窄. 结论 经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄的一个安全有效的手段.     

症状性脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的疗效观察

目的评价症状性脑动脉狭窄血管内支架成形术的安全性及近远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年—2010年在我院行颅内外动脉支架成形术的10例症状性脑动脉狭窄病人,就手术安全性及术后近远期临床疗效进行分析。结果本组10例病人,手术成功率达100%,8例病人术后症状消失,2例术后症状好转。随访4个月~18个月,所有病人无卒中临床复发,支架内均无血栓形成或内膜增厚。结论血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄比较安全,近期疗效较好,其远期疗效有待于进一步继续追踪观察。     

血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄

目的探讨血管内支架成形术在有症状大脑中动脉狭窄治疗中的应用。方法对3例临床诊断脑梗死和3例短暂性脑缺血发作患者行全脑血管造影术,发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄,对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术。结果6例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功。大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从92·8%降至6%(P<0·01)。1例患者在支架置入10min后出现急性血栓形成,术中经微导管注入尿激酶接触性溶栓,25min后血栓溶解。术后随访6个月,所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生。结论采用血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄可行。     

锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗疗效及安全性分析

目的研究症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗的疗效和安全性。方法选择31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄的患者行血管内自膨式支架成形术,分析其疗效及安全性。结果31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄患者中,均用自膨式支架成功完成血管内支架成形术,术后锁骨下动脉狭窄率明显改善、锁骨下动脉盗血综合征和上肢缺血症状明显改善,无并发症出现。结论采用自膨式支架治疗症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值

目的探讨脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值。方法对105例症状性脑缺血发作患者进行术前全脑血管造影，对相关影像学信息进行全面评估，根据评估结果对136支狭窄血管行血管内支架成形术，术后不同时期进行脑血管造影随访。结果70处血管狭窄恢复正常血管直径，54处残余狭窄〈20％，7处残余狭窄为50％～80％。5例因支架不能输送到位而放弃手术；术中血栓保护伞完全被封堵1例。患者术前症状均有不同程度缓解。70例患者获得术后1～36个月的脑血管造影随访，颈动脉再狭窄2例，椎动脉起始部再狭窄6例，颅内动脉再狭窄6例。结论 术前充分评估脑血管造影结果并据此制定个体化治疗策略是保证血管内支架成形术安全性的前提。     

单中心颈动脉狭窄患者支架植入术的远期疗效

目的 探讨颈动脉狭窄患者行支架植入术的安全性及近、远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月在沈阳军区总医院住院的48例颈动脉狭窄患者资料,在远端脑保护装置下植入颈动脉支架,观察其围术期并发症及临床疗效.结果 48例颈动脉狭窄患者,男41例（85.4％）,年龄（66±6.8）岁,靶病变1处/例,病变长度（22.5±10.3）mm,狭窄程度88.5％±9.9％.手术成功率100％,植入颈动脉自膨式支架1枚/例,使用远端滤网保护装置1个/例,支架直径（7.3±2.4）mm,长度（36.0±5.5） mm.术后即刻残余狭窄程度5.6％±4.5％.术中11例（22.9％）出现心率减慢,于术中给予1 mg阿托品静脉注射,心率恢复至正常范围.2例（4.2％）出现一侧肢体活动障碍,经治疗24 h内好转,术后无严重并发症发生.随访（36.2±15.5）个月,随访率93.8％（45/48）,2例（4.4％）患者死亡,其中1例死于肺癌,1例死于缺血性脑卒中,4例（8.9％）患者仍有头晕发作,3例（6.7％）偶有肢体麻木,无严重脑缺血发作,无脑梗死、脑出血发生.术后6～12个月复查增强计算机断层扫描成像示无颈动脉、椎动脉及肾动脉支架内再狭窄.结论 在远端脑保护装置下行颈动脉支架植入术,是治疗颈动脉狭窄安全、有效的手段,手术成功率高,长期临床随访患者仍能从中获益.     

不同类型支架治疗大脑中动脉狭窄病变的对比研究

目的探讨不同类型支架治疗大脑中动脉狭窄病变的临床效果和影像学结果。方法选择大脑中动脉M1段狭窄病变的患者67例,根据置入的支架不同,将患者分为3组:Invastent组21例,影像学检查平均随访18.6个月;Apollo组1 7例,影像学检查平均随访19.5个月;Wingspan组29例,影像学检查平均随访1 5.1个月,对3组临床事件和影像学结果进行COX分析。结果 67例患者共置入69枚支架,Invastent组、Apollo组和Wingspan组支架置入成功率分别为95.8%、100%和96.7%(P0.05)。Invastent组缺血性脑卒中和(或)死亡发生率15.8%,Apo1lo组为6.3%,Wingspan组为10.3%,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。影像学随访Wingspan组再狭窄率虽高于Invastent组和Apollo组(33.0 % vs 15.8%.12.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Wingspan支架是术后再狭窄的危险因素(HR=4.37,95% CI:1.02～18.78,P=0.047)。结论与球囊扩张式支架置入比较,Wingspan支架是术后再狭窄的危险因素,其与临床预后无关,但需进一步研究证实。     

单中心颈动脉狭窄患者支架植入术的远期疗效

目的探讨颈动脉狭窄患者行支架植入术的安全性及近、远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月在沈阳军区总医院住院的48例颈动脉狭窄患者,在远端脑保护装置下植入颈动脉支架,观察其围术期并发症及临床疗效。结果48例颈动脉狭窄患者,年龄（66±6.8）岁,男41例（85.4%,41/48）,靶病变1处/例,病变长度（22.5±10.3）mm,狭窄程度88.5%±9.9%。手术成功率100%,植入颈动脉自膨式支架1枚/例,使用远端滤网保护装置1个/例,支架直径（7.3±2.4）mm,长度（36.0±5.5）mm,术后即刻残余狭窄程度5.6%±4.5%。术中11例（22.9%,11/48）出现心率减慢,于术中给予1 mg阿托品静脉注射,心率恢复至正常范围。2例（4.2%,2/48）出现一侧肢体活动障碍,经治疗24 h后好转,术后无严重并发症发生。随访（36.2±15.5）个月,随访率93.8%（45/48）,2例（4.4%,2/48）患者死亡,其中1例死于肺癌,1例死于缺血性脑卒中,4例（8.9%,4/48）患者仍有头晕发作,3例（6.7%,3/48）偶有肢体麻木,无严重脑缺血发作,无脑梗死、脑出血发生。术后6～12个月复查增强计算机断层扫描：无颈动脉、椎动脉及肾动脉支架内再狭窄。结论在远端脑保护装置下行颈动脉支架植入术是治疗颈动脉狭窄安全有效的手段,手术成功率高,长期临床随访患者仍能从中获益。     

Pulmonary Artery Stent Implantation in Children with Single Ventricle Malformation Before and After Completion of Partial and Total Cavopulmonary Connections

Objectives: Relief of pulmonary artery stenosis before and after cavopulmonary connections (CPC) in patients with single ventricle malformation is essential to optimize pulmonary hemodynamics. We evaluated the risk factors for pulmonary artery stenosis and assessed the outcome after stent implantation .
Interventions: Seventeen stents in twelve patients were implanted for pulmonary artery stenosis before and after CPC at a mean age of 4.5 (0.1–17.6) years.
Results: Fourteen stents were placed in the left pulmonary artery (82%) and three stents in the right pulmonary artery (18%). One stent was implanted intraoperatively. Mean time between surgery and stent implantation was 28 (1–132) months. The mean (SD) size of the pulmonary artery stenosis was 3.1 ± 2.1 mm before and 8.1 ± 3.3 mm (P < 0.001) after stent implantation. Six out of seventeen stents (35.2%) had to be redilated after a mean time interval of 19 (5–48) months. Two patients' stents were removed during the next surgical procedure; both needed an early restenting of the affected vessel. There were no procedure-related complications for stent implantation or redilatation. Anatomical risk factors for pulmonary artery stenosis were right aortic arch and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, whereas dilatation of the ascending aorta for LPA stenosis and Blalock–Taussig shunt for RPA stenosis were surgical risk factors.
Conclusions: Stent implantation to treat pulmonary artery stenosis in pediatric patients with CPC is effective and can be realized safely. Close follow-up is recommended in patients with risk for pulmonary artery stenosis. During total cavopulmonary connection, previously implanted stents at that site should be left in place or be changed in a hybrid procedure to a larger diameter, because the etiology of stenosis may persist after surgery and the surgical removal could result in vessel injury that promotes restenosis.     

复杂症状性大脑中动脉狭窄Solitaire支架置入术后疗效及血流动力学分析

目的分析复杂症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者Solitaire AB支架置入术后疗效和血流动力学变化。方法回顾性连续纳入2013年6月至2016年6月湖北省第三人民医院神经内科行Solitaire支架置入术治疗复杂症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者7例,经DSA证实狭窄率≥70%。7例患者中,男5例,女2例,平均年龄(70±8)岁;记录患者一般资料,包括临床症状、改良Rankin量表评分、狭窄程度、血管径路LMA分型及狭窄病变Mori分型、术后残余狭窄或再狭窄等,比较术前及术后1、7 d和3个月的血流动力学参数。结果对7例患者均成功置入Solitaire AB支架。(1)狭窄病变的Mori分型A型4例,B型2例,C型1例;血管径路LMA分型Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型3例。术前狭窄率为(80±7)%,术后残余狭窄率为(24±13)%,无手术相关并发症。随访期间无脑缺血事件发生。(2)支架置入术前及术后1、7 d和3个月,收缩期峰值流速(PSV)分别为(297±41)、(144±34)、(145±27)、(143±40)cm/s,舒张期末血流速度(EDV)分别为(159±22)、(68±16)、(68±14)、(66±17)cm/s,搏动指数分别为0.67±0.06、0.80±0.08、0.80±0.07、0.82±0.06,术后1、7 d和3个月PSV、EDV及搏动指数较术前改善(均P0.05),术后各时间点PSV、EDV及搏动指数两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论初步分析显示,Solitaire应用于治疗血管路径迂曲及狭窄病变复杂的大脑中动脉狭窄未发现手术相关并发症,近期疗效确切,但尚有待进一步验证。     

Carotid artery stenting with filter protection

BACKGROUND: Neurologic events associated with distal embolization of debris during percutaneous carotid artery stenting complicate the procedure. Filter devices for cerebral protection potentially reduce the risk of embolization and other neurologic events. We studied the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of carotid artery stenting with a filter device. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2002 and January 2003, a total of 22 consecutive patients (30 lesions) who had >70% diameter stenosis of the internal carotid artery underwent carotid artery stenting with filter protection at our institute. The mean age of the patients was 64+/-9 years; 14 were men and 8 women, and 15 had neurologic symptoms. A stent was successfully implanted in 29 lesions. It was possible to position a filter device in all the 29 lesions. Neurologic complications during the procedure, in the hospital, and at 30-day clinical follow-up occurred in 2 patients. One patient suffered a minor stroke that resolved within 24 hours. None of the patients had a major embolic stroke. There was one death from intracerebral hemorrhage related to hyperperfusion and the use of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Filter protection during carotid artery stenting seems technically feasible, safe, and effective. In the present study, the incidence of embolic neurologic events was low.     

Gateway—Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗基底动脉慢性狭窄的疗效观察

目的评价Gateway—Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗基底动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析20例应用Gateway—Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗基底动脉慢性狭窄患者的临床资料,观察支架置人的手术成功率、狭窄率的改变、围手术期并发症及术后症状改善的情况。结果①20例基底动脉狭窄病变,共置入20枚Wingspan支架,技术成功率为100％。②术后即刻造影证实,狭窄率由（79．0±6．0）％下降至（13．0±3．4）％。围手术期1例发生小脑前下动脉闭塞,导致脑干梗死。③本组在术后1、3、6个月进行随访,根据Malek评分,术后3次评分均为1分者共12例（60％）,均为2分者2例（10％）,均为3分者1例（5％）。这15例患者的病情稳定,其中12例疗效肯定;其余5例术后早期疗效明显,但以后有所下降,其中有3例（15％）1个月时评分为1,3个月时转为2分;有2例（10％）1、3个月为1分,6个月时转为2分。结论经短期随访发现,采用Gateway—Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗基底动脉狭窄安全性及疗效均良好。     

Endovascular stent implantation in the pulmonary arteries of infants and children without the use of a long vascular sheath.

Endovascular stent implantation for pulmonary artery stenosis requires the use of a long, large-bore vascular sheath to insure precise implantation without embolization or malposition. A long vascular sheath may be difficult to position and usage may be associated with vascular compromise and/or hemodynamic embarrassment, especially in infants and small children. We report a new technique for pulmonary artery endovascular stent implantation without the use of a long sheath. From December 2000 to May 2001, 10 patients underwent implantation of 13 Palmaz Corinthian premounted biliary transhepatic stents for pulmonary artery stenosis. Median age was 0.8 years (range, 0.5-18.5) and median weight was 11.8 kg (range, 4.6-65). Patient diagnoses were tetralogy of Fallot (five), double outlet right ventricle (three), branch peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (two), single ventricle s/p cavopulmonary shunt (one), and truncus arteriosus (one). All Palmaz Corinthian stents were delivered uncovered on Cordis Opta LP balloon catheters via short sheaths (6-7 Fr); super-stiff guidewires were not always necessary. These stents, with a maximal expanded diameter of 12 mm, were placed for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis as a definitive procedure or at the pulmonary artery bifurcation in patients who were expected to undergo future open heart surgery. The stents were initially implanted on 4, 6, or 8 mm balloon catheters and further expanded if needed. Stents were placed in the right pulmonary artery alone in three patients, left pulmonary artery alone in four patients, and side-by-side stents were implanted simultaneously in three patients. All thirteen stents were implanted successfully in the desired location without stent malposition or embolization. Mean angiographic diameter increased from 2.5 +/- 1.5 to 5.7 +/- 1.4 mm (P < 0.01) and peak systolic ejection gradients decreased from 44 +/- 22 to 14 +/- 11.6 mm Hg (P < 0.01). The uncovered delivery of the premounted Palmaz Corinthian stent allowed for precise and safe endovascular stent implantation without the hemodynamic and technical problems associated with long vascular sheath usage. This technique is useful for the palliation of proximal pulmonary artery stenosis and is effective definitive treatment for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in small infants and children.     

超声评估椎动脉起始段支架置入后残余狭窄及支架位置对其的影响

目的通过彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检测评估椎动脉起始段置入支架的位置、类型、长度与残余狭窄发生率的相关性。方法前瞻性纳入2009年1月—2011年9月因椎动脉起始段粥样硬化性狭窄行支架置入术的患者,共177例(192枚支架)。根据支架的长度(L)、位置(SS)及类型分组,采用CDFI检查,比较术前与术后1周内椎动脉起始段的管径、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)的变化,评价术后残余狭窄的发生率。分析不同分组内残余狭窄发生率的差异性。以术后即刻DSA影像及1周内CDFI复诊结果进行评估,支架内残余狭窄率≥20%定义为残余狭窄。结果①根据DSA结果,置入支架的长度L1型(15 mm)84枚、L2型(>15 mm)51枚、L3型(<15 mm)57枚;支架位置SS1型(支架全部位于椎动脉管腔内)45枚、SS2型(支架的1/3延伸至椎动脉起始部近心端)113枚、SS3型(支架的1/2延伸至椎动脉起始部近心端)34枚;药物涂层支架66枚及金属裸支架126枚。②支架置入术后1周内,椎动脉起始段的管径较术前明显增大[(2.7±0.6)mm对(1.1±0.3)mm],PSV和EDV较术前明显改善,分别由(317±109)cm/s降至(123±49)cm/s及由(102±54)cm/s降至(33±15)cm/s,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。③术后残余狭窄的检出率为22.4%(43/192)。药物涂层(18.2%)与金属裸支架(24.6%)、支架不同长度组间残余狭窄的发生率,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。支架位置为SS2型残余狭窄的发生率(15.9%)明显低于SS1型(31.1%)和SS3型(32.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论支架置入术可改善血管狭窄的管腔及血流动力学,置入支架的位置不当是造成术后残余狭窄的独立危险因素。