The estimated daily manganese intake of Korean children aged 11-12

The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily manganese (Mn) intake of Korean children. This study was done using a three-day dietary intake survey of 257 Korean children (boys 123; girls 134). The Mn intake values were calculated based on a database that provides the Mn content of the frequently consumed Korean foods, alongside the food composition table provided by the Korean National Rural Living Science Institute. The average age, height, weight and body mass index of our subjects were 11.9 years, 155.4 cm, 48.9 kg and 20.2 kg/m² in boys and 11.9 years, 154.1 cm, 43.5 kg and 18.3 kg/m² in girls. The average daily energy intakes were 2,249.2 kcal in boys and 2,044.5 kcal in girls. Boys consumed significantly more Mn than girls, based on intake estimates of 4,585.3 µg (117.6% of adequate intake) and 4,029.3 µg (117.1% of adequate intake), respectively (P < 0.001). Boys had a Mn intake of 2,041.1 µg per 1,000 kcal of energy consumption, whereas for girls this was at 1,983.9 µg per 1,000 kcal. Neither group exceeded the tolerable upper intake level for Mn. The major food groups which contributed to Mn intake in our subjects were cereals (50.8%), vegetables (21.0%), seasonings (8.9%), and pulses (7.7%). Notably, boys derived a higher Mn intake through cereals and vegetable than did girls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). The key food sources of Mn, in descending order, were rice, soybean curd, kimchi, black rice and cereals. We propose that the results of our study may be used as a basis for follow-up studies that examine the Mn intake of children.     

Energy density at a buffet-style lunch differs for adolescents born at high and low risk of obesity

The energy density (ED; kcal/g) of foods, when manipulated in the laboratory, affects short-term energy intake. The aim of this study was to examine if, when given a choice, dietary ED (foods only) and energy intake (expressed as a percentage of subjects' estimated daily energy requirement; EER) at a self-selected, single meal differ for teens born with a different familial predisposition to obesity and as a function of their sex. Subjects (13 males, 17 females) were 12 years of age and born at high risk (HR; n = 15) or low risk (LR; n = 15) for obesity based on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m²). The buffet meal, served for lunch and consumed ad libitum, consisted of a variety of foods and beverages with a range in ED. HR subjects consumed a more energy-dense meal (foods only) than LR subjects (1.84 vs. 1.42 kcal/g; P = 0.02) and males consumed a more energy-dense meal than females (1.83 vs. 1.43 kcal/g; P = 0.03). Total energy intake, when expressed as a percentage of subjects' daily EER, did not differ between HR and LR subjects (42% vs. 33%; P = 0.16). Males, compared to females, consumed ~ 59% more energy from foods and beverages during the meal (46 vs. 29%; P = 0.008). During a single multi-item lunch meal, teens with a familial predisposition to obesity and males, independent of their obesity risk status, self-selected a more energy-dense meal. Familial risk for obesity, through either genetic or environmental pathways, may facilitate a more energy-dense diet.     

Gender differences in food and energy intake among adult villagers in northwestern Bangladesh: a food frequency questionnaire survey

This study aimed to elucidate gender differences in dietary intake of rural Bangladeshi adults. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) survey using 15 food/dish items, together with anthropometric measurements, was conducted for 230 adults and adolescents (95 males and 135 females). To estimate the portion sizes of these foods/dishes, the samples consumed by 25 subjects were weighed. The FFQ revealed that rice was eaten two to three times (or more) per day by 98% of the subjects, providing nearly 60% of energy for both sexes. Puri (fried bread), meats, eggs, pulses, milk, fresh vegetables, fruits, tea with milk and sugar, and soft drinks were consumed more frequently by males. Males’ larger portion sizes of rice, fish dish, potato dish, and vegetable dish resulted in larger daily energy intake per body weight in males (235±41 kJ/kg) than in females (161±28 kJ/kg). Despite males’ larger energy intake, the proportion of chronically energy deficient persons (<18.5 kg/m² in body mass index) was similar between males (35.8%) and females (37.8%), attributing to males’ larger energy expenditure. Females’ less-frequent consumption of nutritious foods and smaller energy intake were considered vulnerable to micronutrient deficiency.     

Association between Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in Korean Adults

BackgroundFood environments have changed rapidly, and the global interest in ultra-processed foods has increased. Ultra-processed foods are typically energy dense, high in sugars and fat, and low in fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of Korean adults and to examine the association between ultra-processed food consumption and dietary intake and diet quality.DesignThis study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018).Participants/settingsA total of 16,657 adults aged ≥19 years who completed a 1-day 24-hour recall.Main outcome measuresAbsolute and relative intake of energy and nutrients were measured and dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI).Statistical analysisMultiple regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used to examine the association between quintiles of ultra-processed foods dietary energy contribution and dietary intake and quality.ResultsMean reported daily energy intake was 2,031 kcal, with 25.1% of calories coming from ultra-processed foods. Mean energy contribution from ultra-processed foods ranged from 3.6% kcal (Q1) to 52.4% kcal (Q5). Energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with reported intake of daily energy, total sugars, and total and saturated fat and inversely associated with reported intake of carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Both sodium and potassium were negatively associated with percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods. However, the sodium-to-potassium ratio was high regardless of quintile of energy contribution from ultra-processed foods, and the ratio was positively associated with percentage of total energy from ultra-processed foods. Although the KHEI score was inversely associated with percentage of daily energy from ultra-processed foods, all levels of ultra-processed food consumption were associated with poor diet quality.ConclusionsThe ultra-processed foods consumption of Korean adults accounted for one fourth of daily energy intake, and a higher dietary energy contribution from ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer dietary intakes and a lower dietary quality. Further studies are needed to understand factors influencing selection and consumption of ultra-processed foods and to identify effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.     

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Increases the Likelihood of Having Obesity in Korean Women

This study aimed to determine the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity among Korean adults. We used the data of 7364 participants (men 3219, women 4145) aged 19–64 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2016–2018. Food items were classified using the NOVA food classification system, depending on the extent and purpose of food processing: (1) unprocessed or minimally processed foods, (2) processed culinary ingredients, (3) processed foods, and (4) ultra-processed foods. Consumption of ultra-processed foods accounted for 26.8% of the total energy intake. After adjusting for potential confounders including sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, subjects with the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods (fourth quartile of % energy intake from ultra-processed foods) had 0.61 kg/m² higher body mass index (BMI; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.99, p-trend 0.0047), 1.34 cm higher waist circumference (WC; 95% CI 0.35–2.34, p-trend 0.0146), 51% higher odds of being obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²; odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% CI 1.14–1.99, p-trend 0.0037), and 64% higher odds of abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 90 cm, women: WC ≥ 85 cm; OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.24–2.16, p-trend 0.0004) than those with the lowest consumption (first quartile) among women. However, no association was found in men. These findings provide evidence that high consumption of ultra-processed foods is positively associated with obesity in Korean women. Further studies with a large-scale cohort or intervention trial are needed to identify the mechanism of associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and health-related outcomes including obesity in Korea.     

Bioavailable zinc intake of Korean adults in relation to the phytate content of Korean foods

This study was conducted to create a phytate database for food items and to evaluate the bioavailability of zinc in Korean adults. Eighty-seven food items were analysed. Phytate content was determined by ion exchange method and zinc bioavailability was assessed through a dietary survey of 841 adults. Measured phytate values in various groups were as follows: 191.7–973.3 mg in cereals, 508.5–1371.8 mg in legumes, 0.4–319.9 mg in vegetables, and 1–50 mg in fruits. Mean zinc intakes of Korean adults (9.5 mg for male and 7.5 mg for female subjects) were less than the Korean recommended dietary allowance. Cereals (68.6%) and legumes (19.3%) supplied the most dietary phytate. Mean phytate:zinc ratios were 9.5 for males and 10.5 for females. High zinc bioavailability (phytate:zinc molar ratio below 5) occurred in 9.6% of subjects, whereas 13.2% had low bioavailability (molar ratio over 15). Below-normative zinc intake levels occurred in 54.3% of subjects (61.8% for male and 49.5% for female). Further studies should be directed towards increasing zinc intake and enhancing bioavailability to improve zinc status in Korea.     

Gender differences in food and energy intake among adult villagers in northwestern Bangladesh: a food frequency questionnaire survey

This study aimed to elucidate gender differences in dietary intake of rural Bangladeshi adults. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) survey using 15 food/dish items, together with anthropometric measurements, was conducted for 230 adults and adolescents (95 males and 135 females). To estimate the portion sizes of these foods/dishes, the samples consumed by 25 subjects were weighed. The FFQ revealed that rice was eaten two to three times (or more) per day by 98% of the subjects, providing nearly 60% of energy for both sexes. Puri (fried bread), meats, eggs, pulses, milk, fresh vegetables, fruits, tea with milk and sugar, and soft drinks were consumed more frequently by males. Males' larger portion sizes of rice, fish dish, potato dish, and vegetable dish resulted in larger daily energy intake per body weight in males (235 +/- 41 kJ/kg) than in females (161 +/- 28 kJ/kg). Despite males' larger energy intake, the proportion of chronically energy deficient persons (<18.5 kg/m2 in body mass index) was similar between males (35.8%) and females (37.8%), attributing to males' larger energy expenditure. Females' less-frequent consumption of nutritious foods and smaller energy intake were considered vulnerable to micronutrient deficiency.     

Diet quality in Croatian university students: Energy,macronutrient and micronutrient intakes according to gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate diet quality and nutrient intakes in Croatian university students, which are missing for the past 15 years, and also to report the prevalence of overweight/obesity and underweight. The subjects were 663 students (average age 22 years), representing 0.6% of all Croatian university students. The Quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire, checked for reproducibility and validity, was used for dietary assessment. Students on average had an adequate number of daily meals and snacks, but consumption of breakfast was irregular, particularly for men. The average energy intake was 130.1% of the dietary reference intake and the protein intake was more than double the dietary reference intake in 64.3% students. Dietary fiber, iron (in females), calcium, zinc, folate, and vitamins C, A and E intake were below recommendations in both genders. Only 3.8% of females and 21.9% of males were overweight/obese (body mass index >25 kg/m²). Nutrient intakes significantly differed according to gender and better macronutrient but not micronutrient intakes were observed in females.     

Comparing Two Days of Dietary Intake in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES, 2013–2016

The objective of this research is to compare the Day 1 and Day 2 dietary intakes of adults in What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES) 2013–2016. Dietary recalls of males (n = 2599) and females (n = 2624) 20+ years who had both a Day 1 and Day 2 recall and reported their intake as usual on both days in WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 were examined. Mean (±SE) energy intake for males was 2425 ± 26 kcal for Day 1 and 2334 ± 32 kcal for Day 2 (p = 0.004). For females, 1832 ± 18 kcal and 1775 ± 26 kcal were reported for Day 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.020). There were no significant differences between energy intake on Day 1 and Day 2 within males and females by ten-year age groups. Comparing 20 year age groups for males and females by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic) and income (<131%, 131–350%, and >350% of poverty level) also showed no significant differences in energy intake between Day 1 and Day 2. Mean energy intake of adults was not statistically different between the two days of recall by sex, race/ethnicity or income within selected age groups. Overall, the difference in energy intake was less than 4% for both males and females.     

A pilot study to investigate the effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight and overweight/obese women

Background: Smaller plates are often recommended as a strategy for controlling energy intake; however, the effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight compared to overweight or obese individuals is not known. The present study aimed to investigate this further. Methods: Ten normal weight [mean (SD) body mass index, 21.7 (2.0) kg m^?2] and 10 overweight or obese [31.7 (3.6) kg m^?2] women attended a metabolic laboratory on two separate days for lunch. In this cross‐over study, subjects were randomly assigned to eat lunch using either a small (21.6 cm) or a large (27.4 cm) plate. Each subject self‐served spaghetti mixed with tomato sauce from an individual serving bowl onto the assigned plate, and ate until satisfied. The meal was consumed alone at a private table. During the second study day, each subject underwent the same procedure but used the alternate size plate. The amount eaten and energy consumed were calculated and a mixed effects analysis of variance model was used to compare energy intakes. Results: Energy intakes using the small and large plate were 1356 (515) and 1365 (393) kJ, respectively, in normal weight subjects and 1314 (632) and 1226 (431) kJ, respectively, in overweight/obese subjects. Neither plate size, nor plate size by weight status significantly affected meal energy intake. There was no plate size by weight status effect on ratings of palatability, hunger, satiety, fullness or prospective consumption. Conclusions: Plate size did not affect energy intake from a single meal in either the normal weight or overweight/obese subjects.     

Relative validation of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess calcium intake in older adults

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for estimating calcium intake in community-dwelling older adults using a food record as the reference method. METHOD: A validation study involving 102 subjects (67 females) aged > or =65 years and residing independently in Adelaide, Australia, between 2002-06 was performed. Estimates of calcium intake over the last year were calculated from two versions (35 and 15 items) of the FFQ and compared with average intake from four days of non-consecutive food records (4DFR). RESULTS: Mean calcium intake from the 4DFR was 987 mg/day (95% CI 922-1051). The 35 and 15-item questionnaires gave mean intakes of 992 mg/day (95% CI 913-1,071) and 1017 mg/day (95% CI 927-1,106) respectively. Mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between the food record and the 35 and 15-item questionnaires was 5 mg (-739-729) and 28 mg (-936-879) respectively. The 15-item questionnaire demonstrated 82% sensitivity for classifying subjects with calcium intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR, 840 mg for males 51-70 years; 1,100 mg for females >51 years and males >70 years of age) and 46% specificity for classifying subjects with intake above the EAR. CONCLUSION: The FFQ evaluated as part of this study is one of very few that has been tested across both genders and in older adults specifically. The 15-item version has demonstrated a level of sensitivity and specificity comparable with other FFQs for evaluating calcium intake. Implications: The 15-item FFQ can be confidently used for measuring group mean calcium intake in older Australians or as a screening tool to allow health professionals to identify those who are most at risk of inadequate dietary calcium intake.     

Evaluation of Riboflavin Intakes and Status of 20–64-Year-Old Adults in South Korea

A recent Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey indicated inadequate riboflavin intake in Koreans, but there is limited research regarding riboflavin status in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to determine riboflavin intake and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were collected from 412 (145 men and 267 women) healthy adults, aged 20–64 years, living in South Korea and urine samples were collected from 149 subjects of all subjects. The dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) riboflavin intake was 1.33 ± 0.34 and 2.87 ± 6.29 mg/day, respectively. Approximately 28% of the subjects consumed total riboflavin less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Urinary riboflavin excretion was 205.1 ± 190.1 μg/g creatinine. Total riboflavin intake was significantly positively correlated to the urinary riboflavin excretion. (r = 0.17171, p = 0.0363). About 11% of the Korean adults had urinary riboflavin <27 μg/g creatinine indicating a riboflavin deficiency and 21% had low status of riboflavin (27 μg/g creatinine ≤ urinary riboflavin < 80 μg/g creatinine). Thus, one-third of Korean adults in this study had inadequate riboflavin status. In some adults in Korea, consumption of riboflavin-rich food sources should be encouraged.     

1989-2009年中国九省区居民膳食营养素摄入状况及变化趋势(九)18～49岁成年居民膳食维生素C摄入状况及变化趋势

目的分析我国九省区成年居民的维生素C(VC)摄入状况及变化趋势。方法利用"中国居民健康与营养调查"项目中连续三天24 h膳食回顾调查的数据,分析1989、1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年我国九省18~49岁的健康成年居民VC的摄入状况,并分析其变化趋势。结果八轮调查共调查18~49岁的成人45 932人,其中男性22 061人,占48.0%;女性23 871人,占52.0%。从1989年到2009年,VC的摄入量在九省居民中呈现出明显的下降趋势,20年间,男女VC的摄入量分别下降了49.3 mg和46.0 mg(农村);25.3mg和20.4mg(郊区);9.9mg和17.6mg(县城)。城市居民的VC摄入量保持基本稳定,在2006年和2009年还有所上升。来源于深色蔬菜的VC的量大量减少,20年间,男女居民来源于深色蔬菜的VC分别下降了44.9mg和37.9mg(农村);26.4mg和22.4mg(郊区);20.0mg和16.7mg(县城);20.0mg和16.7mg(城市)。20年间,男性和女性VC的摄入量达到中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的比例分别是30.0%和25.2%(城市);39.1%和35.6%(郊区);28.2%和23.2%(县城);37.1%和28.9%(农村)。结论我国18～49岁的成年居民VC的摄入量呈明显下降趋势,深色蔬菜的摄入量逐步减少,我国居民的VC摄入状况急需改善。     

Do Food Provisions Packaged in Single-Servings Reduce Energy Intake at Breakfast during a Brief Behavioral Weight-Loss Intervention?

Larger portion sizes increase energy intake, yet it is unclear whether single-serving packages can reduce intake. This study examined the effects of providing breakfast foods in single-serving packages and nonportioned packages on energy intake of these foods during an 8-week behavioral weight-loss program. In fall 2005, 19 adults (mean body mass index [calculated as kg/m²]=31.8±4.0) were randomized to conditions that provided foods in single-serving packages (Single-Serving) or in nonportioned packages (Standard). Overall amounts and types of foods provided were consistent across conditions: cereal and peaches (weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7) and applesauce and cheese (weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8). Participants were instructed to eat one serving of each food for breakfast and not to consume the provided foods at other times. Mean daily energy intake of the provided foods was the primary dependent variable. The Single-Serving group ate less energy from the combined pairs of foods provided together as compared to Standard (cereal and peaches, 117.0±3.2 kcal/day vs 143.5±39.3 kcal/day; P<0.05 and applesauce and cheese, 174.2±13.5 kcal/day vs 199.0±29.4 kcal/day; P<0.05). This effect was a result of less energy consumed from cereal and applesauce in Single-Serving compared to Standard conditions (cereal, 80.2±2.9 kcal/day vs 106.3±22.9 kcal/day; P<0.01 and applesauce, 44.5±0.6 kcal/day vs 59.3±5.0 kcal/day; P<0.01), with no differences in energy consumption for peaches and cheese (P>0.10). This suggests that single-serving packages may help reduce energy intake at breakfast within the context of a behavioral weight-control program.     

Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods

Although high-intensity sweeteners are widely used to decrease the energy density of foods, little is known about how this affects hunger and food intake. We have studied the effects of consumption of commercially available foods sweetened with either sucrose or aspartame on subjective appetite ratings and food intake. When normal-weight non-dieting males and females were given large portions of either a high- or low-calorie pudding or jello and instructed to eat as much as they liked, they ate similar weights of the different caloric versions of each food. Despite the resulting difference in caloric intake (up to 206 kcal), subjects showed only a non-significant trend towards caloric compensation when presented with a variety of foods 2 h later. Total caloric intake (preload plus test meal) did not differ between conditions. Ratings of hunger, desire to eat, the amount subjects wanted to eat, and the pleasantness of the taste of the eaten food were similarly decreased and fullness similarly increased by consumption of the different caloric versions of the foods. Awareness of the caloric content of the foods did not influence intake or appetite in that both informed and uniformed subjects responded similarly in the tests. Thus reduced calorie foods suppressed ratings of hunger for several hours after consumption, but were not associated with a significant reduction in total energy intake.     

Food consumption, habitual physical activity, and body fatness in young Dutch adults

The relationship between body fatness and both food consumption and habitual physical activity, was studied in young adult males (n = 122) and females (n = 140) in three age groups (20 to 22, 25 to 27, and 30 to 32 yr) in a Dutch population. In males the average daily energy intake was rather high (about 3000 kcal) and average body weight increased by 1.2 kg in the preceding year. Both findings suggest the existence of a positive energy balance. In females the average daily energy intake was normal (about 2170 kcal) and average body weight remained constant. Physical activity at work and sport was not related to the percentage of body fat in either sex, but physical activity, such as walking and cycling during leisure time, was slightly lower in fatter males. The fatter subjects tended to eat less than the leaner subjects but this was only significant in females. However, after adjusting for lean body mass and physical activity in a multiple regression model, energy intake was inversely related to percentage of body fat in both sexes. Change in body weight in the period of 4 months preceding the food consumption study seemed to reflect energy balance at the time of the food consumption study in only leaner and fatter females. After adjusting also for change in body weight in these females energy intake of fatter females remained lower, suggesting a reduced need for energy among many fatter females.     

Alternation between foods within a meal. Influence on satiation and consumption in humans

Food habituation/dishabituation has been observed in non-human primates in neurophysiological investigations of feeding, and in humans, through salivation or hedonic responses to food. The objective of the study was to evaluate in humans the effect of disruption of habituation by alternation between foods in a meal. Sixteen volunteers (8 males, 8 females; age: 21 ± 1 yr; BMI: 21.5 ± 0.5 kg m⁻²) ate a two-course meal [meatballs (M) and fries (F), then vanilla cream (C) and brownies (B)] during three randomized sessions. Sessions differed by the alternation of these foods: No-Repetition session with M-F–C-B; Single-Repetition session with F-M-F–B-C-B; Multiple-Repetition session with M-F-M-F-M-F–C-B-C-B-C-B. Final intakes of F and B were ad libitum. Quantities consumed (g, kJ) and ratings of hunger, pleasantness and desire to eat each food were evaluated. Compared to the No-Repetition session, subjects ate 18% more fries and 16% more brownies in the Single-Repetition, and 13% more fries but 20% less brownies in the Multiple-Repetition session. Pleasantness for the food decreased from before to after intake for both fries and brownies with no significant difference between the sessions. It therefore appears that moderate alternation between foods at lunch increases intake, but multiple alternations of foods at the end of the meal may decrease consumption. These differences in intakes could result from differences in sensory-specific satiety via disruption of habituation.     

Daily ingestion of alginate reduces energy intake in free-living subjects

Sodium alginate is a seaweed-derived fibre that has previously been shown to moderate appetite in models of acute feeding. The mechanisms underlying this effect may include slowed gastric clearance and attenuated uptake from the small intestine. In order to assess whether alginate could be effective as a means of appetite control in free-living adults, 68 males and females (BMI range: 18.50–32.81 kg/m²) completed this randomised, controlled two-way crossover intervention to compare the effects of 7 day daily ingestion of a strong-gelling sodium alginate formulation against a control. A sodium alginate with a high-guluronate content was chosen because, upon ingestion, it forms a strong gel in the presence of calcium ions. Daily preprandial ingestion of the sodium alginate formulation produced a significant 134.8 kcal (7%) reduction in mean daily energy intake. This reduced energy intake was underwritten by significant reductions in mean daily carbohydrate, sugar, fat, saturated fat and protein intakes. The absence of any significant interaction effects between the main effect of preload type and those of gender, BMI classification and/or timing of preload delivery indicates the efficacy of this treatment for individuals in different settings. These findings suggest a possible role for a strong-gelling sodium alginate formulation in the future management of overweight and obesity.     

A Comparison between Dietary Consumption Status and Healthy Dietary Pattern among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China

The nutrition and health of middle-aged and elderly people is crucial to the long-term development of a country. The present study aimed to analyze the dietary consumption status in Chinese adults by using baseline and follow-up data from the community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases between 2018–2020 and selecting those aged 55 and older (n = 23,296). Dividing 65 food items into 17 subgroups on the basis of a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we analyze the consumption amount and consumption rate of foods in relation to wave and sociodemographic factors by employing the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, the Chi-squared test, and the Cochran–Armitage trend test and evaluate food intake status using the Chinese Dietary Guidelines Recommendations (2022). Compared to 2018, the median daily intake of livestock meat, poultry, and eggs increased in 2020 (p < 0.05), while the median daily intake of wheat, other cereals, tubers, legumes, fruits, and fish and seafood decreased (p < 0.05). The proportion of subjects with excessive intake of grain, livestock and poultry, and eggs was 46.3%, 36.6%, and 26.6%, respectively, while the proportion of subjects with insufficient intake of whole grains and mixed beans, tubers, legumes, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood were 98.4%, 80.3%, 74.0%, 94.6%, 94.3%, 75.8%, and 86.5%, respectively, and more than 50% of subjects were non-consumers of dairy products, nuts, and whole grains and mixed beans. In conclusion, the problem of unhealthy dietary structure is prominent among adults aged 55 and older in China; insufficient or excessive intakes of various types of foods are common; and excessive consumption of edible oil and salt remains a serious problem.