脑内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨脑实质内海绵状血管瘤（CA）的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的CA12例,8例行CT平扫,4例行CT增强扫描,12例均行MR检查,5例行Gd-DTPA增强扫描。结果12例CA共检出14个病灶。CA可发生于脑内任何部位,单发多见（10/12）。海绵状血管瘤CT平扫表现为类圆形高或稍高密度病灶,多数为不均匀,常伴钙化、出血。MRI平扫大部分表现为T1WI呈等信号或稍高信号,T2WI呈高、低混杂信号,11个病灶周围可见低信号环影,大多数病灶周围无水肿带及占位效应。CT和MRI增强后均呈轻度强化或无明显强化。结论CT和MRI检查对CA具有重要的诊断价值,MRI优于CT,是诊断本疾病最佳的影像学方法。     

原发性颅骨血管瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的 探讨颅骨原发性血管瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高该病的术前诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析12例经病理证实的原发性颅骨血管瘤患者的CT和MRI影像特点.12例中男7例,女5例,中位年龄38.5岁(12～65岁).对肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号及强化形式进行分析.结果 CT和MRI表现:所有病例均为单发.均表现为颅骨膨胀性骨质破坏,破坏区边缘锐利.CT表现:1例为低密度病变,9例为高、低混杂密度病灶,内可有密集的点、线样高密度骨纹影,表浅者骨针与颅骨表面垂直,深部者骨针呈蜂窝状.MRI表现:1例为长T1,长T2信号,8例为T1WI呈高、低混杂信号,T2WI表现为高信号,增强后无骨针区域病灶明显均匀强化.结论 CT和MRI检查对原发性颅骨血管瘤的诊断有较高的临床价值.     

涎腺淋巴上皮癌的影像学与病理学特点分析

目的：探讨涎腺淋巴上皮癌(lymphoepithelial carcinoma,LEC)的CT、MRI及病理学特点。方法：回顾性分析22例涎腺LEC患者的影像学资料及病理组织学表现,其中18例行CT平扫及增强扫描,4例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果：22例患者中共检出22个病灶,位于腮腺16例,颌下腺6例。边界清楚6例,边界不清16例。CT上密度均匀16例,不均匀2例,MRI上信号均匀4例,T1WI上为低信号, T2WI上呈稍高信号,增强扫描中度强化12例,明显强化10例。8例侵犯周围结构,10例颌下及颈动脉鞘区见肿大淋巴结。组织学均表现为肿瘤性上皮细胞伴淋巴细胞间质浸润及免疫组织化学CK阳性表达。结论：涎腺LEC的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,肿块常密度或信号均匀,增强扫描中度至明显强化,坏死较少见,多伴有同侧颈部淋巴结肿大。病理学上改变符合组织学特点和免疫组织化学检测,结合影像学CT、MRI的定位,排除鼻咽癌转移,即可诊断为原发性涎腺LEC。     

胃肠道间质瘤的影像学表现

目的 总结胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的影像学表现。方法 对17例经病理学证实的GIST患者的临床及影像学检查资料进行分析。结果 17例GIST中原发于胃15例,食管1例,小肠1例。外生性生长者15例,向腔内生长者2例。胃肠道钡餐造影表现（9例）：胃腔偏心性狭窄,粘膜纹展平、移位。CT表现（11例）：肿瘤向腔外生长,呈等、低密度,有不均匀较明显强化,未见淋巴结肿大。MRI表现（2例）：T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈高信号为主的混杂信号,强化较明显,包膜完整。结论 影像学表现对GIST诊断有帮助,CT为主要影像学检查方法,肿瘤外生性生长和未见淋巴结肿大为诊断的主要依据。     

肝假性淋巴瘤的影像学特征及文献回顾

目的总结肝假性淋巴瘤(HPL)的影像学检查特征,为临床诊断HPL提供影像学依据。方法回顾性分析2017年12月28日我院收治的1例HPL患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献,总结HPL的影像学特征。结果超声显示右肝稍低回声,动脉相浅淡增强,门脉相及延迟相呈低增强。腹部CT显示肝Ⅷ段稍低密度影,动脉期轻度强化,强化方式为快进快出。Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI检查示肝Ⅷ段可见结节状T1WI稍低T2WI稍高信号影,边界清楚,大小2. 0 cm×1. 9 cm,弥散受限,增强扫描后动脉期轻度强化,强化方式为快进快出,肝胆期呈低信号。结论 HPL长径小于2 cm,其影像学表现边界清楚,回声、密度或信号均匀,弥散受限,动态增强动脉期整体轻度强化,门静脉期和平衡期强化程度减低,肝胆期呈均匀低信号。     

韧带样瘤MRI表现与病理组织分析

目的回顾性分析韧带样瘤的影像表现和病理学特征,提高对该病的术前诊断符合率。方法选择2011年1月至2015年1月在东南大学附属第二医院9例病理诊断为韧带样瘤患者,其中女性6例,男性3例;年龄31~34岁,中位年龄35岁。行CT、MRI常规T1加权成像(T1WI)、T2加权成像(T2WI)、短时间反转恢复(STIR)序列扫描。手术后取病灶组织进行病理组织检查,分析影像学表现及病理学特征。结果 CT表现为局部软组织肿块,边界不清,密度欠均。MRI图像,呈等T1稍长或等T2信号,压脂像呈高信号,部分内见条片状低信号,坏死囊变少见,增强扫描均有明显不均匀强化,上述病例未见转移征象。结论韧带样瘤的影像学表现中,MRI表现较具有特征,在T1WI及T2WI可见条状低信号,部分病灶呈爪状,侵袭性生长,掌握其影像特征,可以提高该病的诊断符合率。     

颅内皮样囊肿破裂4例的MRI诊断

目的分析颅内皮样囊肿破裂的MRI表现。方法搜集4例经手术病理证实颅内皮样囊肿破裂病例资料,均行MRI平扫及增强检查,对其MRI表现、病因、病理和临床特征进行分析。结果病灶位于鞍旁2例,位于后颅窝及第三脑室后各1例。3例MRI表现T1WI与T2WI均为高信号,1例MRI表现T1WI为不均匀稍低信号,T2WI为高信号影。结论颅内皮样囊肿破裂有较典型的MRI影像学和临床特征性表现,可实现术前正确诊断。     

肾上腺皮腺瘤CT与MRI显像对比分析

目的探讨CT、MRI诊断肾上腺皮质腺瘤临床诊断符合率。方法对我院从1999～2005年间经手术、病理证实的16例肾上腺皮质腺瘤的CT或/和MRI检查资料进行对比分析。其中男性9例,女性7例,年龄为24～65岁,平均年龄43岁。检查设备为GE980型CT机,GE Prospeed SX Advantage型螺旋CT机,GE1.0T Signa Horizon LX型磁共振设备,行CT或/和MRI平扫,然后行产强检查。结果16例均为单侧发病,其中右侧11例,左侧5例。最小病灶为9×12mm,最大病灶为170×120mm。CT表现为肾上腺区圆形或椭圆形低密度或等密度影,边缘部分清楚,增强可显示部分强化,MRI表现为T1WI类似肝实质信号,T2WI接近或高于肝实质信号。结论①肾上腺皮质腺瘤CT、MRI表现有一定的特征性;②结合临床资料,肾上腺皮质腺瘤能与部分肾上腺病变鉴别。     

慢 性 胰 腺 炎 MR 诊断

目的探讨磁共振(MR)多种成像技术对慢性胰腺炎诊断的准确性及其临床应用价值。方法选择25例经手术病理、临床追踪和其他影像学方法证实的慢性胰腺炎MRI进行回顾性分析,其表现包括胰腺形态和体积改变、信号特征、动态增强扫描和MRCP所见。检查方法包括平扫冠状位T2WI,轴位T1WI,轴位T2WI,轴位T1WI FS(脂肪抑制)序列,磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP),动态增强前后的T1WI FS序列。结果胰腺体积弥漫性增大、T1WIFS病变区信号减低、动态增强扫描同步强化及串珠状扩张胰管穿透病变区是慢性胰腺炎的典型表现。结论MRI能更早发现慢性胰腺炎,显示胰管的改变和假性囊肿,对慢性胰腺炎诊断具有重要价值。     

侵袭性纤维瘤病的影像分析及组织病理学分析

目的 分析侵袭性纤维瘤病的影像特点,以及组织病理学特征。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月～2018年3月湖北省荆门市第一人民医院经术后病理证实的 15例AF患者的 CT 和 MRI表现,及MR与组织病理对照分析。结果 15 例患者全部行 CT 平扫,8例行CT增强;9例行 MRI平扫,6例行MRI增强。CT 平扫示13 例呈不均匀等、低密度,2 例呈较均匀稍低密度;12例边界不清,3例边界清楚;CT 增强8例均呈渐进性不均匀明显强化。MRI平扫提示T1WI、T2WI、压脂、DWI等序列肿瘤均为不均匀信号,夹杂不规则低信号,肿块边缘呈爪形浸润或边缘不清。MRI增强 6例均呈不均匀明显强化。结论 CT和MRI 都能从不同方面为AF的诊断提供信息,MRI能更好地显示肿瘤的形态、范围及边缘,且可推断肿瘤的大致成分,对AF的诊断更有帮助。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995