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目的研究早产儿甲状腺功能。方法将青岛大学医学院附属医院2004年10月至2005年10月收治的早产儿60例按胎龄分成两组小胎龄早产儿组(A组,胎龄<34周,n1=30),大胎龄早产儿组(B组,胎龄≥34周,n2=30)。对照组为我院出生的正常足月儿30例,应用放免法对3组新生儿生后第1,7天血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平进行测定。结果A、B组及对照组血清FT3、FT4生后1～7d呈下降趋势;对照组生后第1,7天血清FT3、FT4明显高于A、B组,B组明显高于A组;血清TSH在A、B及对照组生后呈下降过程;生后第1天对照组TSH>A组>B组;生后第7天,血清TSHA组高于B组和对照组,而B组与对照组差异无显著性。结论早产儿生后甲状腺功能有暂时性低下,胎龄越小,功能越低,生后应激反应持续时间越长。     

早产儿视网膜病血清血管内皮生长因子色素上皮衍生因子的检测和临床意义

目的 观察早产儿生后血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）水平的动态变化，为早期诊断及预测早产儿视网膜病(ROP)提供依据。方法 从2006年6月至2007年1月复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿病房的早产儿中按入选标准和排除标准确认研究对象。将出生体重≤2 000 g或胎龄≤34周的患儿进行ROP筛查，将发生ROP患儿作为ROP组；选取与ROP组胎龄和出生体重相匹配的早产儿作为ROP对照组。将未发生ROP的早产儿根据胎龄分为<32周，~33+6周和~36+6周3个胎龄组。所有入选早产儿生后第7、14、21、28和35天分别进行采血，分离血清，经ELISA法检测血清VEGF和PEDF的水平。采用SPSS 13.0中混合线性模型 重复数据测量、相关性分析、t检验和单变量方差分析法进行数据分析。结果 入选的早产儿共170例，其中6例在生后14 d内自动出院失访而排除，11例发生ROP。未发生ROP的153例早产儿中，<32周54例，~33+6周48例，~36+6周51例。各胎龄组血清VEGF水平随日龄的增长而下降（r=－0.167，P=0.000），与第7天比较，差异有统计学意义（第14天，P=0.010；第21天，P=0.000），而自21 d起基本保持稳定；血清PEDF水平在生后14 d内变化无统计学意义（P=0.713），14 d后随日龄的增长而升高（r=0.287，P=0.000），与第7天比较，差异有统计学意义（第21天，P=0.008；第28天，P=0.001；第35天，P=0.000）。胎龄对VEGF和PEDF水平的影响较出生体重显著，胎龄越小，生后血清VEGF和PEDF水平越高，在出生体重的协同作用下，胎龄与VEGF和PEDF水平均呈负相关（r=－0.162，P=0.027；r=－0.165，P=0.024）。早产儿生后PEDF/VEGF比值恒定，且随日龄的增长而升高（r=0.237，P=0.000）。ROP组血清VEGF（P=0.000）水平在生后21 d均较ROP对照组低，且随日龄的增长反有上升； PEDF水平随着日龄的增长未能体现上升趋势；PEDF/VEGF比值在生后第7天显著升高（P=0.036），生后35 d内随着日龄的增长反有下降（r=－0.449，P=0.047）。结论 发生ROP的早产儿血清VEGF、PEDF水平以及PEDF/VEGF比值在生后1～3周可有变化趋势的改变，提示若早产儿生后血清VEGF水平较同胎龄者低，且随着日龄的增长反有升高，PEDF水平随着日龄的增长未能升高，PEDF/VEGF比值在第7天显著升高，在生后28 d内随着日龄的增长反有下降，可能预示着ROP的发生。这可能有助于临床医生更早地预测ROP的发生，从而积极采取有效的干预措施预防和减轻ROP的发生。     

早产儿早期血脂代谢特点及与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征关系探讨

目的：了解早产儿早期血脂代谢特点及其与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的关系。方法：将100例适于胎龄早产儿按胎龄或出生体重分组,并以40例足月适于胎龄儿作为对照组,于出生后12 h内静脉采血,测定血浆总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平;另外,分别根据胎龄及出生体重进一步比较发生RDS与未发生RDS早产儿的血脂水平。结果：随胎龄及体重增加,TG水平呈递增趋势,28~30周组及31~33周组早产儿血浆TG水平均明显低于34~36周早产儿及足月儿（P<0.01）;出生体重≤1499 g组及1500~2499 g组早产儿血浆TG水平均明显低于出生体重≥2500 g早产儿及足月儿（P<0.05）,且出生体重≤1499 g组与1500~2499 g组早产儿之间TG水平差异亦有统计学意义（P<0.01）;而各组新生儿HDL-C、LDL-C及TC水平差异无统计学意义。RDS与非RDS早产儿血浆TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平差异亦无统计学意义;但在胎龄28~30周组,RDS早产儿的TG水平比非RDS早产儿明显降低（P<0.05）;体重≤1499 g RDS早产儿TG水平低于非RDS早产儿（P<0.05）。结论：早产儿血脂水平与胎龄及体重相关,低TG水平可能是胎龄28~30周及体重≤1499 g早产儿出现RDS的原因之一。     

早产儿血糖代谢特点及其与胰岛素、C肽和皮质醇水平变化的关系

目的探讨早产儿血糖代谢特点及其与胰岛素、C肽和皮质醇水平的关系。方法选择2010年10月至2012年4月在本院出生的早产儿为观察组,按胎龄分为〈32周组、32～33周组、34～36周组,选择同期在本院出生并入住新生儿科的足月儿为对照组。各组患儿分别于生后24 h、3天、7天进行空腹血糖、胰岛素、C肽和皮质醇检测并进行比较。结果纳入研究的早产儿69例,足月儿52例。早产儿组发生血糖紊乱30例（43.5%）,其中低血糖21例（30.4%）,高血糖9例（13.0%）;足月儿组发生血糖紊乱3例（5.7%）,其中低血糖2例（3.8%）,高血糖1例（1.9%）,早产儿血糖紊乱发生率明显高于足月儿,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胎龄32～33周、34～36周组早产儿生后24 h皮质醇水平低于足月儿,胎龄〈32周早产儿生后24 h及生后3天皮质醇水平高于足月儿,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。早产儿与足月儿胰岛素、C肽水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论早产儿血糖代谢紊乱发生率高,早期皮质醇水平可能是影响血糖变化的高危因素,加强早产儿血糖监测可有效防治早产儿血糖紊乱及其带来的不良后果。     

早产儿尿表皮生长因子含量变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨早产儿尿表皮生长因子含量变化及其临床意义。方法 采用放射免疫方法检测12例足月新生儿，20例早产儿生后第2、7天尿液表皮生长因子浓度。结果 早产儿尿表皮生长因子含量在生后第2、7天均显著低于健康新生儿（P＜0.01）。胎龄28－34周早产儿尿表皮生长因子含量生后第2、7天明显低于胎龄35－37周早产儿（P＜0.01）。早产儿生后第7天尿液表皮生长因子浓度显著高于第2天（P＜0.05）。结论 尿表皮生长因子是反映胎儿成熟的重要特征，胎龄越小，肾功能发育越不完善。     

早产儿早期纤维蛋白原与抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性动态观察

目的 探讨不同胎龄及母亲有无合并妊娠期高血压（HDCP）早产儿生后血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）与抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）的活性变化及临床意义.方法 选取我科2012年4月至2013年1月住院的早产儿,分为胎龄＜34周组和34 ～ 36周组,结合母亲妊娠期有无合并HDCP,分为母亲HDCP组与非HDCP组,分别测定并比较生后24 h内与生后第5天血浆FIB与AT-Ⅲ活性.结果 共纳入96例早产儿,＜34周组51例,其中母亲HDCP组与非HDCP组分别为21例和30例;34 ～ 36周45例,HDCP组与非HDCP组分别为25例和20例.早产儿出生后24 h内与生后第5天血浆FIB与AT-Ⅲ活性处于较低水平,且胎龄＜34周和34 ～ 36周早产儿HDCP组均低于非HDCP组.胎龄＜34周早产儿HDCP组比非HDCP组：24 h：（1.06＆#177;0.46） g/L比（1.53＆#177;0.84） g/L,32.9％＆#177;11.0％比38.2％ ＆#177;11.6％;5 d：（1.34＆#177;0.36）g/L比（1.68＆#177;0.32）g/L,35.8％ ＆#177;12.1％比42.4％＆#177;10.0％.胎龄34 ～ 36周早产儿HDCP组比非HDCP组：24 h：（1.13 ＆#177;0.21）g/L比（1.21＆#177;0.33）g/L,31.2％ ＆#177;8.0％比40.7％＆#177;7.9％;5 d：（1.43 ＆#177;0.36）g/L比（1.71＆#177;0.42） g/L,34.2％＆#177;6.5％比44.1％＆#177;9.4％,P均＜0.05.结论 通过动态监测早产儿出生后血浆FIB与AT-Ⅲ活性水平,有利于预防早产儿出血症,但对弥散性血管内凝血的诊断价值需进一步研究.     

甲状腺功能异常早产儿干预治疗的随访研究

目的 探讨甲状腺功能异常早产儿给予左旋甲状腺素钠片治疗后对生长发育及甲状腺功能的影响。 方法 选取2013年1月1日至2017年12月31日在云南省第一人民医院产科出生后于该院新生儿科住院,并在该院新生儿随访门诊定期随访生长发育及甲状腺功能情况的早产儿82例为研究对象行回顾性分析。根据甲状腺功能检测结果分为甲状腺功能异常组（观察组,n=31）和甲状腺功能正常组（对照组,n=51）。观察组给予口服左旋甲状腺素钠片,对照组未予干预,比较不同胎龄（28周≤胎龄<32周、32周≤胎龄<34周、34周≤胎龄<37周）两组早产儿定期随访至矫正年龄12月龄时的体格、智力发育情况及甲状腺功能的转归。 结果 不同胎龄两组早产儿随访至矫正年龄12月龄时,体格发育指标（身长、体重、头围）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。28周≤胎龄<32周和32周≤胎龄<34周早产儿Gesell发育量表各能区评分随访至矫正年龄12月龄时,在观察组和对照组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。34周≤胎龄<37周早产儿,观察组的大运动能评分在3月龄和12月龄时低于对照组,精细动作能、语言能、适应性能评分在12月龄时均低于对照组（P<0.05）;个人-社会性能评分在3月龄时低于对照组（P<0.05）,但在12月龄时与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。甲状腺功能异常早产儿给予左旋甲状腺素钠片治疗,2~4周甲状腺功能均恢复正常,甲状腺功能恢复正常并完全停药的患儿有21例（68%）,其新生儿疾病筛查结果均正常（100%）;未能停药患儿10例（32%）,仅2例筛查结果正常,与甲状腺功能恢复正常并完全停药患儿的新生儿疾病筛查结果比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 甲状腺功能异常早产儿及早诊断并进行合理规范的治疗,可以在一定程度上减少对生长发育的影响。早产儿甲状腺功能异常多为暂时性,新生儿筛查结果呈阳性的早产儿发展为永久性甲状腺功能异常的可能性大。     

四种新生儿常见病因对甲状腺功能的影响

目的探讨早产、感染、病理性黄疸及窒息4种新生儿常见病因对甲状腺功能的影响。方法选择2012年4月至2014年4月本院新生儿病房收治的入院日龄<7天,至少有早产、窒息、病理性黄疸、感染一种因素的新生儿为观察组;选择同期在本院产科出生、日龄5~7天的足月健康新生儿为对照组。两组新生儿均在出生5~7天时抽取静脉血2 ml,检测血清游离碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺素(TSH)。观察组患儿病情稳定后复查甲状腺功能。比较观察组与对照组及观察组不同病因与对照组新生儿的甲状腺功能,以及观察组病情稳定后与出生5~7天时的甲状腺功能。结果观察组220例,对照组34例。生后5~7天,观察组及各病因组FT3均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组FT4和TSH差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);感染组中重症组FT4、FT3低于轻症组,小胎龄早产组和危重黄疸组FT3分别低于大胎龄早产组和中度黄疸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病情稳定后血清FT3高于出生5~7天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FT4及TSH与出生5~7天比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与对照组FT3、FT4及TSH比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,新生儿出生5~7天FT3受胎龄、病理性黄疸、感染及窒息等因素影响较明显(P<0.05),受分娩方式和性别影响较小(P>0.05)。结论早产、感染、病理性黄疸和窒息对新生儿早期甲状腺功能的影响主要表现为暂时性FT3降低,严重感染时,还可能引起暂时性FT4降低,但病情稳定后甲状腺功能可恢复正常。     

早产儿校正24月龄内生长轨迹研究（英文翻译）

目的分析早产儿校正24 月龄内生长轨迹,以了解早产儿的生长趋势和规律。方法基于互联网+ 随访系统建立早产儿随访数据库,纳入2018 年4 月至2021 年4 月3 188 例早产儿,收集其出生及校正1、3、6、 12、18、24 月龄时的身长、体重、头围数据。按不同的围生期因素分组,绘制生长曲线,并与21 世纪国际胎儿和新生儿生长联合会（International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century,INTERGROWTH-21st）标准和世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO） 标准进行比较。结果按不同的围生期因素分组的各组早产儿体重、身长、头围曲线均在校正6 月龄内快速上升,校正6 月龄后增长速度减缓。按实际月龄比较,各出生胎龄组早产儿（<28 周、28~31⁺⁶周、32~33⁺⁶周、34~36⁺⁶周） 身长曲线在实际9 月龄后逐渐与WHO 曲线重合（P=0.082）,<32 周早产儿的体重和头围则一直落后于WHO 曲线（P<0.001）。校正月龄后,不同出生胎龄组早产儿（<28 周、28~31⁺⁶周、32~33⁺⁶周、34~36⁺⁶周） 的体格生长曲线基本重合（P>0.05）。超低出生体重儿和小于胎龄儿的身长、体重、头围曲线均低于INTERGROWTH-21st 标准和WHO 标准（P<0.05）。结论早产儿在校正6 月龄内体格增长速度较快,校正6 月龄后增长速度减缓。胎龄越小,体重和头围追赶的时间越长。应重点关注超早产儿、超低出生体重儿和小于胎龄儿的体格生长。     

早产儿血清IGF-1浓度变化及与早产儿视网膜病的关系

目的测定不同胎龄新生儿和早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)患儿血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor 1,IGF-1)的浓度变化,并探讨其与ROP发生发展的关系。方法新入院的新生儿184例,分为<32周组、～36周组及足月儿组;各组根据是否吸氧再分为未吸氧和吸氧两个亚组。ROP组为出生体重<2kg,经眼科筛查确诊为ROP的早产儿。各组新生儿分别在出生后第1、3、5、7周用ELISA法检测血清IGF-1浓度。结果在未吸氧的新生儿中,足月儿组血清IGF-1浓度随着日龄的增加呈上升趋势,<32周组和～36周组血清IGF-1浓度则随着日龄的增加先下降,然后再缓慢回升,约在第5周时恢复至出生时的水平。<32周早产儿组和～36周早产儿组在第1周和第3周时的血清IGF-1浓度显著低于足月儿组(P<0.01)。在<32周组及～36周组,吸氧组与未吸氧组之间血清IGF-1浓度差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);在足月儿组,吸氧组血清IGF-1浓度在第1周显著低于未吸氧组(P<0.01)。ROP组患儿的胎龄均<32周,均吸氧≥3d。ROP组血清IGF-1浓度较<32周早产儿的吸氧组和未吸氧组低,在第1周时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在纠正胎龄31周时,ROP组血清IGF-1浓度显著低于非ROP早产儿组(P均<0.01)。ROP组血清IGF-1低于30ng/ml的持续天数较<32周早产儿组显著延长(P<0.01)。结论在早产儿出生后第1周或在纠正胎龄31周时,血清IGF-1浓度明显较低或低血清IGF-1的持续时间较长,这可能预示ROP的发生。     

Developmental changes in pituitary-thyroid function in the human fetus and newborn

Maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis as reflected in cord serum thyroid hormone concentrations was assessed in premature and full term infants born between 26 and 43 weeks gestation. Measurements of thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) in cord sera were correlated with gestational age, sex and birthweight and compared to similar measurements in well two month old infants and adults.There were significant increases in T4, FT4, and TBG with increasing gestational age (GA) between 26 and 33–35 weeks (P < 0.001). After 34 weeks, none of these parameters varied with GA. When the infants were separated on the basis of sex the linear regression curves describing the relationships between hormone and TBG concentrations and GA were not different from the curves in the total population. The mean FT4/TSH ratio increased significantly with age throughout gestation (P < 0.01) and was significantly lower in cord blood samples than in blood samples from the 2-month-old infants or the adults.The results suggest that the set point for negative feedback control of TSH secretion at the pituitary level is changing between 26 weeks GA and 2 months of life. Thyroid gland sensitivity to TSH stimulation also appears to be increasing between 26 and 33 weeks GA.     

Postnatal thyroid function in low birth weight infants: A cross-sectional assessment of free thyroxine and thyroid hormone binding globulin

To investigate the significance of low serum thyroxine in premature infants, serum FT4, T4, TSH and TBG were measured in 7 infants with BW<1000 g, 8 infants with BW 1001 to 1350 g, 9 infants with BW 1351 to 2499 g, and 11 full-term infants.FT4 concentrations were lower in the LBW infants than in the FT infants. Percent FT4 values in the infants with BW<1000 g were the highest in the groups studied, so that FT4 concentrations in those infants did not fall proportionally with the marked T4 decrease. TBG concentrations were lower in the VLBW infants (相似文献   

Thyroid function in premature infants of different gestational age during the first month of life (author's transl)

To assess the function of the thyroid gland in premature infants of different gestational ages during the first month of life we determined simultaneously TSH, T4, T3, and rT3 serum concentrations in 116 preterm infants (gestational ages 31st to 38th week) during each of the first 30 days of life. The serum concentrations of TSH, T3, and rT3 changed significantly during this period. The TSH and rT3 values were highly increased on the first day and decreased thereafter. The T3 values, however, increased significantly during this period. During the first month of life the T4 values remained roughly unchanged independent of the age of the children. There was no significant influence on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones by gestational age. The 65 preterm infants with adaptational disorders showed no difference in their patterns of TSH and thyroid gland activity during the first month of life compared with 51 healthy premature infants. From the 4th to the 6h day of life -- a recommended period for the screening of congenital hypothyroidism -- the differences of TSH values measured were insignificant (16-18 muU/ml). The T4 values on these days remained all above 6.8 microgram/dl.     

Postnatal Development of Renal Function in Very Low Birth weight Infants

ABSTRACT. The postnatal development of renal function was compared in infants with a gestational age of 25–30 weeks, mean 27.8 weeks (GA 28), and in infants with a gestational age of 31–34 weeks, mean 32.5 weeks (GA 32). The infants were comparable with regard to postnatal course, fluid, caloric and salt intake. Observations were made during the 1st, 2nd and 4th-7th (mean 5th) postnatal weeks. From the 1st to the 5th postnatal week the creatinine clearance (C_Cr ml/min/1.73 m²), increased from 11 to 20 in GA 28 and from 15 to 30 in GA 32. At 2 weeks of age C_Cr was significantly lower in GA 28 than in GA 32. During the first week of life diuresis was lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 but thereafter was the same in both groups. We interpret this as a sign of dehydration in GA 28. Serum arginine vasopressin (S-AVP) concentrations were high in both groups at all ages. Mean urine osmolality was low (<300) regardless of postnatal age and S-AVP. Urinary sodium excretion was high at 1 week of age in both groups and decreased with increasing postnatal age. Na excretion was slightly higher in GA 28 than in GA 32 at 1 but not at 2 and 5 weeks. UK/UNa was below 1 in both groups during the first week of life and increased with postnatal age. Urinary aldosterone excretion was high in both GA 28 and GA 32 at all ages. Serum sodium levels were lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 at all ages. Hyponatremia was observed in 13/32 infants in GA 28 and in 1/45 infants in GA 32. We conclude that the postnatal development of renal function is retarded in all preterm infants and is slightly slower in infants with a GA below 31 weeks than in infants with a GA of 31–34 weeks. Extrarenal factors must contribute to the low serum Na values in infants with GA <31 weeks.     

Low thyroxinaemia occurs in the majority of very preterm newborns

Transient hypothyroxinaemia with normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is a well-known condition in preterm neonates and is generally assumed to be a harmless epiphenomenon of prematurity. This assumption is, however, based on studies that included very few neonates with a gestational age (GA) below 30 weeks. We therefore measured serum free thyroxine (FT₄) and serum TSH on days 1 and 14 in 263 neonates with a GA between 26 and 41 weeks. In 13 infants (5%), transient hypothyroidism (low FT₄ and TSH>20 mU/l on day 14) was found. In the remaining 250 patients FT₄ on days 1 and 14 but not TSH correlated positively with GA. In neonates with a GA of 35–41 weeks, FT₄ increased postnatally to levels within or above the normal adult range. In contrast, in the very preterm group (26–31 weeks) the already low FT₄ levels declined to values significantly below the range observed in term neonates. A significant proportion of these neonates had FT₄ levels within the hypothyroid range. There was no difference in thyroid function between neonates treated with povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine.Conclusion Very preterm neonates have FT₄ levels on day 14 that are much lower than is generally assumed while TSH remains in the normal range. We therefore propose to measure FT₄ in all preterms with a GA below 33 weeks, during the 2nd week of life.     

早产儿血浆D-二聚体水平的研究

目的观察不同胎龄、日龄的早产儿血浆D-二聚体生理水平及其变化规律。方法分别选取≤34周,37周早产儿各15例和20例,以30例正常足月儿作对照组,观察其血浆D-二聚体在生后第1、3、10 d的变化规律。结果不同胎龄、日龄的早产儿血浆D-二聚体含量均有较宽的取值范围,同时随日龄的增加呈下降趋势,在出生后时间相同的情况下,早产儿血浆D-二聚体水平比正常新生儿低。结论新生儿血浆D-二聚体水平存在较大个体差异,胎龄和日龄与早产儿血浆D-二聚体水平密切相关。     

Diagnosis of thyroid function in premature infants in intensive care

In 87 premature infants of an neonatal intensive care unit (gestational age 28-37 weeks) serum-T4, -fT4 and TSH were investigated on day 10, 20 and 30 and at term respectively, in addition to the usual TSH-screening (capillary specimen) on day 5. In 47 neonates (54%) T4 and fT4 were found to be low, including all infants under 30 weeks of gestational age and all ventilated infants. Screening TSH was not elevated but in some cases with iodine contamination. 12 of 13 infants in whom TRH-stimulation was performed showed significant response of TSH. We conclude that compromised thyroid function, common in prematures and infants under intensive care, is similar to the euthyroid sick syndrome in adults and does not require therapy. Replacement of thyroid hormone is only indicated in neonates with increased TSH.     

Efficacy of congenital hypothyroidism neonatal screening in preterms less than 32 weeks of gestational age: more evidence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the double screening performed for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) to preterm infants <32 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 1994 and 2003. INFANTS AND METHODS: TSH was assessed by IFMA. Infants were classified as: term (T) (>37 weeks GA); preterm (PT) (33-37 weeks GA); and very preterm (VPT) (< or =32 weeks GA). RESULTS: In 585,221 screened infants, CH was confirmed in 228 T, 23 PT and seven VPT. An increasing incidence of CH was found with decreasing GA, affecting 1:1,603 PT and 1:585 VPT. PT infants had 1.5 times more risk than full-term infants of suffering CH, and VPT 4 times more. Only 4/7 affected VPT had an adequate double screening as requested. Three had elevated TSH values in the first sample and in one a normal TSH (10.3 mIU/l) at 3 days rose to 240 mIU/l after day 15. In the remaining three VPT, TSH in the unique filter paper sample (21 to 34 days) was markedly elevated. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reinforce the need for awareness in neonatal settings for adequate screening of VPT infants. Screening in the first week of life was effective in detection of most but not all affected VPT. Larger studies are needed in order to establish accurate screening recommendations for VPT newborns. Until this step is reached, repeated screening is advised in these infants.     

Postnatal development of renal function in very low birthweight infants

The postnatal development of renal function was compared in infants with a gestational age of 25-30 weeks, mean 27.8 weeks (GA 28), and in infants with a gestational age of 31-34 weeks, mean 32.5 weeks (GA 32). The infants were comparable with regard to postnatal course, fluid, caloric and salt intake. Observations were made during the 1st, 2nd and 4th-7th (mean 5th) postnatal weeks. From the 1st to the 5th postnatal week the creatinine clearance (CCr ml/min/1.73 m2), increased from 11 to 20 in GA 28 and from 15 to 30 in GA 32. At 2 weeks of age CCr was significantly lower in GA 28 than in GA 32. During the first week of life diuresis was lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 but thereafter was the same in both groups. We interpret this as a sign of dehydration in GA 28. Serum arginine vasopressin (S-AVP) concentrations were high in both groups at all ages. Mean urine osmolality was low (less than 300) regardless of postnatal age and S-AVP. Urinary sodium excretion was high at 1 week of age in both groups and decreased with increasing postnatal age. Na excretion was slightly higher in GA 28 than in GA 32 at 1 but not at 2 and 5 weeks. UK/UNa was below 1 in both groups during the first week of life and increased with postnatal age. Urinary aldosterone excretion was high in both GA 28 and GA 32 at all ages. Serum sodium levels were lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 at all ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)