Amplatzer堵闭器与外科手术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损的比较

房间隔缺损(ASD)是一种常见的先天性心脏病,大约占先天性心脏病总数的10%~15%[1]。心脏直视手术治疗ASD一直作为标准的治疗方法,疗效较好。近几年,随着介入医学的发展,ASD的介入治疗逐渐成为主流[2]。本院自2002年开始开展介入方法治疗房间隔缺损。为了探讨该方法的效果,并对其     

经胸超声心动图引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵房间隔缺损及疗效观察

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵继发孔型房间隔缺损中的作用,并评价其初步疗效。方法运用TTE选择出适于封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者36例,并配合X线指导封堵过程,选择合适型号的封堵器并观察随访疗效。结果TTE引导封堵技术成功率100%。术后封堵完全闭合率91.7%(33/36),1个月为94.4%(34/36),3个月以上为100%。TTE所测房缺的最大直径明显小于球囊伸展径(P<0.01),但二者高度相关(r=0.93),为封堵器型号的选择提供了依据。本组36例术后随访,均未发现封堵器结构断裂、移位、血栓形成等并发症发生。结论运用TTE引导Amplatzer封堵器经心导管封堵继发孔房缺是一种安全、有效的非外科手术方法,近中期疗效可靠。较之经食管超声运用范围更广,操作更简便、安全,更易掌握及推广。     

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects in adults with the Amplatzer septal occluder: Intermediate and long-term results

AIMS: Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) with the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) has become a standard procedure in most pediatric and adult patients. However, data addressing success rates and outcome in adults is limited. We sought to define the safety profile of the ASO in the community setting and identify the percentage of adults with ASD amenable to percutaneous closure with the ASO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients' records referred for transcatheter ASD closure from 1999 through 2005 at a single institution. Patients were evaluated with right heart catheterization and underwent closure of the ASD according to standard indications under transesophageal and fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven consecutive patients were taken to the catheterization laboratory for hemodynamic evaluation and possible interventional closure of an ASD. Of those patients, 18 were excluded because the defect and the left-to-right shunt were hemodynamically insignificant (n = 7) or because there was no distinct defect, but instead a multi-perforated septum (n = 11). Nineteen cases were excluded for anatomic reasons. Of the remaining 170 patients, ASO implantation was attempted and successfully performed in 166 (83% of 200 patients with hemodynamically significant ASD). Complications occurred in 11 cases (6.5%) (device dislocation = 4, transient ST-segment elevation = 4, TIA = 1, hemoptysis = 1, pericardial effusion = 1); none of these events were associated with long-term sequelae. During a median follow-up period of 13 months (range 6-80) there were no major clinical events. CONCLUSIONS: More than 80% of adults with a distinct, hemodynamically significant secundum ASD can be successfully treated with the ASO. The immediate success rates are excellent and follow-up data suggest that the ASO is a safe device well suited for transcatheter ASD closure.     

实时三维超声心动图在儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨经胸实时三维超声心动图评价小儿继发孔型房间隔缺损结构和封堵术后封堵器形态的临床应用价值。方法儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损患者10例，Amplatzer封堵器封堵术后患者9例。以Philips Sonos7500型超声仪，经胸分别以Live 3D和Full-Volume模式进行实时三维显示和重建。结果经胸Live 3D模式实时三维显示图像清晰，从不同的角度实时显示房间隔缺损和封堵器的三维结构。Full-Volume模式图像采集快速，重建图像清晰，所有图像均清晰显示房间隔缺损的大小、位置、周边残端结构和周边毗邻的解剖结构。结论经胸实时三维超声心动图清晰显示儿童房问隔缺损结构和封堵器的形态，对ASD封堵治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

经食管超声在多发房间隔缺损Amplatzer伞封堵治疗中的应用

目的　探讨多发Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)经皮导管封堵治疗的可行性及经食管超声 (TEE)在其治疗中的作用和应用价值。方法　 16例经临床及超声心动图等检查确诊ASD患者 ,均行TEE检查并在其引导下采用Amplatzer封堵器经导管封堵。结果　 16例患者均经TEE确诊为房间隔多发缺损 ,其中 2例为 3个孔 ,14例为 2个孔缺损 ,测量大缺损直径 9～ 2 4mm [(17.2± 4.7)mm ] ,小缺损直径 2～ 9mm [(4 .4± 2 .1)mm ] ,缺损之间间隔组织长 2～ 11mm [(4 .5± 3 .1)mm] ,选用封堵器大小为 13～ 3 4mm [(2 4.2± 6.1)mm ] ,所有病例均封堵成功 ,术后 1月经胸超声复查 3例存在少量房间隔残余分流 ,所有病例未发生严重并发症。结论　TEE可以确诊多发ASD ,采用TEE筛选封堵适宜病例并在术中引导监测封堵是理想的影像学方法     

Percutaneous successful closure of dual atrial septal defect with two Amplatzer septal occluder devices

We report a case of percutaneous dual atrial septal defect closure with two Amplatzer septal occluder devices.     

超声监测AmPlatzer封堵器经导管治疗室间隔缺损

目的探讨超声心动图在室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管治疗中的应用价值及评价Amplatzer装置的治疗效果。方法28例VSD患者应用经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查确定VSD部位,测量缺损口长径及其边缘至主动脉瓣和三尖瓣的距离。术中依据超声测值选择封堵器型号,观察封堵器位置及有无残余分流和瓣膜反流,其中1例应用心腔内超声心动图(ICE)监测。术前和术后分别测量左心室舒张期末内径(LVDd)、每搏指数(SVI)和心脏指数(CI)。结果TTE检查确定1例为肌部缺损,另27例为膜周部缺损。VSD与主动脉瓣和三尖瓣的距离均>3mm。缺损口直径为4～13mm,平均(6.81±2.65)mm,封堵器型号为4～16mm,平均(8.71±3.58)mm。28例全部封堵成功,24例无残余分流,4例伴膜部瘤者有少量残余分流,无瓣膜反流。术前和术后LVDd、SVI及CI比较差异有显著性意义。结论超声心动图在VSD介入治疗的术前诊断、术中监测和术后疗效评价中均有重要价值。     

介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损临床分析

目的:回顾性分析应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的临床资料,以了解国产Amplatzer封堵器封堵治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的疗效。方法:对84例经超声心动图检查局部解剖结构满足封堵条件的先天性膜周部室间隔缺损患者,在局部麻醉或基础麻醉下行国产Amplatzer封堵器封堵治疗。手术中予以经胸超声心动图和X线监测。封堵成功者进行6~24个月的随访。结果:成功封堵83例(98.8%),1例因术中导引钢丝无法通过室间隔缺损建立轨道,放弃封堵。无死亡。封堵器直径为4~18 mm,1例手术后发生Ⅱ度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞,2例出现结性心律,经应用肾上腺皮质激素及异丙肾上腺素治疗后好转,3例有少量残余分流,随访过程中无严重并发症出现。结论:在严格掌握指征、规范手术操作方法的前提下,应用国产Amplatzer封堵器封堵膜周部室间隔缺损是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗先天性房间隔缺损54例围术期护理

目的:探讨Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗继发孔型先天性房间隔缺损(ASD)的围术期护理方法.方法:对54例继发孔型ASD患者术前、术中、术后进行严密的护理观察,分析每项护理措施的临床价值.结果:本组1例发生轻度溶血,5例发生轻度房室传导阻滞,7例发生房性早搏或短阵房性心动过速,1例发生室颤,经精心护理均痊愈,本组治愈率为100%.结论:精心围术期护理对Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD非常重要.     

经导管植入国产封堵器治疗多发房间隔缺损

目的探讨应用国产封堵器经导管治疗多发房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及治疗原则,并对其疗效进行初步评价。方法全组患者31例(男11例,女20例),年龄3~18岁,平均(11.6±5.2)岁。经胸超声(TTE)或食管超声(TEE)检查确诊为多发房间隔缺损。均在X线和TTE和(或)TEE监测下应用国产封堵器经导管封堵治疗。术后复查TTE和(或)TEE、心电图(ECG)及X线平片以评价疗效。结果31例患者中,28例为2孔缺损,3例为3孔缺损,测量大缺损直径8~30(18.6±3.5)mm,小缺损直径1~13(5.5±3.3)mm,缺损之间间隔组织长2~12(4.8±2.3)mm,两个及以上缺损边缘间(包括缺损孔)的最大距离15~53(27.9±7.3)mm,选用封堵器大小为10~38(22.6±6.6)mm,其中23例患者植入1个封堵器,8例患者植入2个封堵器。所有患者均封堵成功,无严重并发症。术后即刻及1月TTE和(或)TEE检查,4例患者小缺损孔存在微量到少量残余分流。随访期间所有患者封堵器位置形态良好,未发现封堵器的变形、移位,术后ECG检查均未见心律失常发生。结论经导管植入国产封堵器治疗多发ASD是一种安全有效的方法,入封堵器的大小和数量应根据多发ASD大小、数量、缺损之间间隔组织长度及缺损边缘间(包括缺损孔)的最大距离来确定。多发ASD介入治疗近期疗效满意,中远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

超声心动图在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损Amplatzer封堵治疗术中的应用

目的探讨超声心动图在筛选Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）病例并引导Amplatzer封堵伞介入方法关闭ASD中的应用价值。方法应用经食管超声心动图（TEE）按Amplatzer封堵法适应证条件筛选7例Ⅱ孔型ASD,经胸超声心动图（TTE）及X线引导进行Amplatzer封堵术。结果1例患者因ASD最大伸展径大于34mm,无相应的封堵伞而放弃封堵术,另1例患者因ASD缺损口距右房顶距离小于3mm,置入Amplatzer封堵伞未能封堵成功,放弃手术治疗,余5例成功进行了Amplatzer封堵术。所有病例TEE测量的ASD直径显著小于ASD最大伸展径［（17.2±1.9）mmvs（26.8±1.3）mm］,5例成功病例术后即刻、24h、1个月、3个月行TTE检查,术后无残余分流,术中、术后无并发症。结论超声心动图在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗中占有极为重要、不可替代的地位。     

实时三维超声心动图在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗中的应用

目的前瞻性观察实时三维经胸超声心动图(RT 3-D TTE)在Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损(Ⅱ ASD)介入治疗中的应用价值.方法对13例Ⅱ ASD患者在介入治疗术中,同时行RT 3-D TTE和经食管超声心动图(TEE)全程监控导管走行、测量ASD直径、观察封堵伞位置,并对测量结果进行比较分析.结果 RT 3-D TTE和TEE对13例患者均可达到同样的影像辅助监测作用,在对ASD直径的测量中,球囊测量均值为(20.08±3.84)mm、TEE为(19.0±3.87)mm、RT 3-D TTE为(19.38±3.01)mm,三者间相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但回归方程中发现RT 3-D TTE的估计标准误(SEE=1.65)较TEE的估计标准误(SEE=1.95)小.结论 RT 3-D TTE检查无创、无痛苦、图像直观,显示了较强的临床实用性,但其无法使用多普勒对残余分流情况进行评价.     

经胸超声心动图预测房间隔封堵器直径的主要影响因素

随着介入医学的发展,应用进口或国产房间隔封堵器闭合继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)已成为ASD的主要治疗方法.以往介入封堵ASD术需要经食管超声心动图(TEE)测定ASD大小及进行封堵器的定位.自国内张玉顺等[1]最早采用经胸超声心动图(TTE)用于ASD封堵术后,我院超声科学习、吸收其介绍的方法,自2006年开展ASD封堵术.现将体会总结如下.     

影响新生儿Ⅱ型房间隔缺损自然愈合危险因素的临床研究

目的探讨和寻找影响新生儿房间隔自然愈合的危险因素。方法收集301例在常熟市第一人民医院确诊为Ⅱ型房间隔缺损的新生儿,制定规律的随访计划,纳入性别、缺损位置、缺损大小、缺损数量、并发症为可能存在的相关危险因素,通过单因素分析和多因素逐步Logistic回归分析影响新生儿房间隔缺损自然愈合的独立危险因素。结果 301例Ⅱ型房间隔缺损新生儿有24例房间隔缺损在随访结束时仍未自然愈合,经单因素分析筛选出缺损位置、缺损大小、合并肺动脉高压为有统计学意义的危险因素,进一步经多因素逐步Logistic回归分析得出缺损位置(腔静脉窦型)、缺损大小(>4 mm)、合并肺动脉高压是影响新生儿Ⅱ型房间隔缺损自然愈合的独立危险因素。结论腔静脉窦型房间隔缺损、缺损大小>4 mm、合并肺动脉高压是影响新生儿房间隔缺损自然愈合的独立危险因素,对于缺损位置为腔静脉窦型、缺损>4 mm及合并肺动脉高压的新生儿应及时制定更为积极的随访和治疗方案,这有望提高患儿今后的生存质量。     

超声心动图在室间隔缺损Amplatzer封堵术中的应用

目的 探讨超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用价值。方法 在经胸超声和数字减影血管造影监测引导下，对15例膜周部室间隔缺损用Amplatzer偏心伞形封堵器封堵。结果 15例封堵全部成功，其中6例术中出现二尖瓣反流或残余分流，经调整封堵器的位置和方向后3例反流即刻消失，3例术后1个月时消失；1例次日伞脱落后二次封堵成功；2例出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞，3d治愈。最长随访10个月，均见封堵器位置正常、稳定，无合并症。结论 超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术前、术中及术后随访中有重要作用。     

Echocardiographic characteristics of secundum-type atrial septal defects in adult patients: implications for percutaneous closure using Amplatzer septal occluders.

The aim of the study was to analyze echocardiographic characteristics of isolated secundum-type atrial septal defects (ASD II) in adult patients and their implications for percutanous closure using Amplatzer septal occluders. The study population consisted of 64 consecutive adult patients with isolated ASD II (mean age 43.6 +/- 15.9 years). Patients were evaluated using both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Defects in 29 of 64 patients (45.3%) fulfilled the echocardiographic criteria for percutaneous closure. The mean defect diameter in the study was 22.2 +/- 9.5 mm. In all, 13 morphologic variations of ASD II were detected. A statistically significant correlation between defect size and the number of deficient defect rims was found. Less than 50% of ASD II in adult patients fulfilled the echocardiographic criteria for percutaneous closure using Amplatzer septal occluders. Because others have demonstrated growth of ASD II over time, we presume that in some patients, defect growth is associated with attenuation or even disappearance of defect rims causing changing defect morphology with increasing defect size.     

Transesophageal echocardiography to evaluate success of transcatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects in adults using the buttoned device

OBJECTIVES: To determine the success rate of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in adults and to characterize anatomical structures predisposing to unsatisfactory results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preinterventional and follow-up transesophageal echocardiography of 17 consecutive patients treated with a Sideris buttoned device was reviewed. Residual jet size of 5 mm or smaller was considered an adequate result; jet size larger than 5 mm was inadequate. Maximal ASD diameter, ASD area, and anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior septal rims were measured. RESULTS: The 7 patients with adequate results (41%) had smaller defects before implantation of a buttoned device (mean +/- SD maximal ASD diameter, 12 +/- 4 vs 19 +/- 5 mm; P<.005). Total rim length (mean +/- SD) was longer in patients with an adequate result (71 +/- 8 vs 46 +/- 11 mm; P<.001). The ASD size and length of the superior septal rim were independent predictors for an adequate result. Only 3 patients, all with ASD diameter less than 13 mm, had completely closed defects. All patients with ASD diameter greater than 20 mm had inadequate results and an unsatisfactory device position. The defect size (mean +/- SD) was similarly reduced in patients with adequate and inadequate results (9 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 4 mm). CONCLUSION: Adults with a small ASD are more likely to have an adequate result after treatment with the buttoned device. A sufficiently large superior septal rim is particularly important for an adequate result. Most patients with a large ASD have inadequate results, although their ASD size is reduced by a similar absolute area as in patients with an adequate result.