无精子症患者睾丸生精功能与血清性激素水平的相关性分析

目的通过对广东佛山地区104例无精子症患者的血清性激素水平进行检测并分析,探讨其与睾丸生精功能的相关性。方法 104例研究对象均于我院确诊为无精子症患者,测定其血清中总睾酮(T,nmol/L)、卵泡刺激素(FSH,IU/L)、黄体生成素(LH,IU/L)、泌乳素(PRL,ng/m L)、雌二醇(E2,ng/L)水平,根据睾丸活检病理结果分为生精功能正常组(1组)、生精功能低下组(2组)、唯支持细胞综合征组(3组)。结果各组患者的年龄均无统计学差异,1组与2组患者各性激素水平无统计学差异;3组患者血清FSH、LH、PRL水平高于2组,E2水平低于2组,有显著的统计学差异,虽然3组T水平低于2组,但两组间没有统计学差异;3组患者血清FSH、LH水平高于1组,T水平低于1组,有显著的统计学差异,但两组之间的PRL、E2水平并无统计学差异。相关分析显示睾丸生精功能与T水平呈正相关,与FSH、LH水平呈负相关,与PRL、E2水平没有相关性。结论血清性激素水平测定对于预测无精子症患者睾丸生精功能有重要意义,并可用于指导治疗及判断预后情况。     

性激素六项检测与优生优育的研究

目的探讨性激素六项检查在优生优育工作中的作用;方法收集半年内来我院体检的530名女性的六项性激素检查标本,采用全自动电化学发光免疫分析技术进行检测,分析血清中的促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、垂体泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(TESTO)、孕酮(P)等六项激素水平;结果 LH、FSH降低的女性分别占不不孕人数的14.43%和21.65%。68.4%的泌乳必经患者PRI和TESTO水平增高,70.65%的卵巢功能异常患者E2水平超过165pmol/L,还有20.02%的患者远远超过9175pmol/L。子宫病变患者PORG水平低位,其余激素异常现象较少。结论女性六项激素水平是女性不孕或生殖器病变检测的重要指标,对优生优育有重要的意义。     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者与性功能有关的激素水平变化

为了解SARS对患者与性功能有关的激素水平的影响,采用电化学发光免疫技术检测了58例SARS患者血清E2、P、FSH、LH、PRL和T含量变化,与对照组作了比较.SARS患者血清E2、P含量明显低于对照组,LH、PRL和FSH含量明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).男性SARS患者血清T含量低于男性对照组,女性SARS患者血清T含量高于女性对照组.重型SARS患者血清E2含量显著低于普通型.上述六项激素水平恢复要慢于临床症状的改善,提示SARS发病过程中与性功能有关的激素水平发生了变化,SARS患者病程中这些激素水平的恢复可能是一个缓慢的过程.     

AMH、E2、FSH/LH联合检测评估不孕症女性卵巢状态的效果

目的:分析AMH、E2、FSH/LH联合检测评估不孕症女性卵巢状态的效果.方法:将本院2019年1月至2021年5月间收诊的103例不孕症患者作为研究对象.根据患者促排卵期间的卵子数目进行分组,分为正常组、高反应组、低反应组.分析比较三组患者经期第2-3d血清中抗苗勒管激素(Anti-mullerian Hormone,AMH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、促卵泡激素(Follicle Stimulating Hormone,FSH)/促黄体生成素(Luteinizing Hormone,LH)水平,并对患者卵巢储备和反应程度进行对比研究,从而分析AMH、E2、FSH/LH联合检测评估不孕症女性卵巢状态的效果.结果:三组比较,基础E2、FSH/LH水平呈现高反应组<正常组<低反应组,而AMH水平表达呈现高反应组>正常组>低反应组(P<0.05);单项AMH检测、E2检测、FSH/LH检测卵巢高反应性患者的灵敏度、特异度分别为77.54％、82.69％、65.71％、81.32％、73.95％、76.43％,AMH+E2+FSH/LH联合检测卵巢高反应性患者的灵敏度、特异度为87.44％、89.54％均高于单项检测(P<0.05);单项AMH检测、E2检测、FSH/LH检测卵巢低反应性患者的灵敏度、特异度分别为74.66％、80.41％、63.54％、82.73％、72.19％、79.62％,AMH+E2+FSH/LH联合检测卵巢低反应性患者的灵敏度、特异度为86.93％、85.60％均高于单项检测(P<0.05).结论:AMH、E2、FSH/LH联合检测对不孕症女性卵巢储备功能及卵巢反应程度有较高评估价值,应推广应用.     

性早熟女童血清性激素,IGF-I,Leptin含量及其意义

目的：探讨血清雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF—I)、瘦素(Leptin)水平在女童特发中枢性性早熟(ICPP)诊断中的价值。方法：采用化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)和放射免疫分析(RIA)测定35例以乳房早发育为主诉的性早熟女童血清E2、LH、FSH、IGF—I、Leptin水平。结果：ICPP组血清E2、LH、FSH、IGF—I、Leptin水平明显高于SPY组,且差异有显著性(P＜0．05,P＜0．01或P＜0．001),以基础LH／FSH＞0．2为阳性界限,用于诊断ICPP的阳性率为86．6％(13／15),SPY的阳性率为20％(4／20)。血清IGF—I水平与E2水平呈正相关(r=0．47,P＜0．01)。血清Leptin水平与E2、IGF—I水平不相关。结论：测定血清E2、LH、FSH、IGF—I、Leptin水平对ICPP早期诊断有较好的价值。     

育龄期非妊娠妇女血清低水平β-HCG与LH、FSH的临床意义

目的 探讨育龄期非妊娠妇女血清中检测出的低水平(β-HCG＞0.10且＜5.30mIU/mL)β-HCG以及LH、FSH的水平对临床的诊断意义.方法 通过对84例实验组血清中检出低水平β-HCG的育龄期非妊娠妇女及80例对照组(β-HCG ＜0.10mIU/mL)血清中LH、FSH、E2含量检测.结果 所选取研究对象的年龄对研究无影响;育龄期非妊娠妇女血清LH、FSH均较对照组高,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 当育龄期非妊娠妇女血清检测到低水平β-HCG时,进一步检测其血清FSH和LH的浓度,可以对停经与卵巢功能相关性评价提供诊断参考.     

血清抗缪勒管激素和硫酸脱氢表雄酮在辅助诊断PCOS临床价值中的应用

目的 探讨血清抗缪勒管激素(AMH)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)在辅助诊断PCOS临床价值中的应用。方法 选择2021年1月至2022年5月于阜阳市人民医院生殖医学科收治的124例PCOS患者纳入PCOS组，另选择62例健康育龄女性纳入对照组，记录两组患者BMI、年龄等一般资料，重点检测血清AMH、DHEA-S等内分泌激素相关指标。采用Pearson相关分析AMH、DHEA-S与各因素的相关性，Logistic多元回归分析影响育龄女性发生PCOS的危险因素。结果 PCOS组患者BMI、初潮年龄、月经周期紊乱者比例、TC、TG、LDL-C、AMH、LH、LH/FSH、T、DHEA-S、E₂显著高于对照组，FSH显著低于对照组；AMH<10ng/mL组FSH水平显著高于AMH≥10ng/mL组，而LH、LH/FSH、T水平显著低于AMH≥10ng/mL组，且两组AMH检测值相比差异显著；DHEA-S<233μg/dL组T水平显著低于DHEA-S≥233μg/dL组，E₂水平显著高于DHEA-S≥233μg/dL组，且两组DHEA-...     

女性不孕症下丘脑、垂体、卵巢轴激素水平研究

引起女性不孕症的原困较多，十分复杂。本文用RIA法，检测女性不孕症血清FSH，LH、PRL，P、E2水平变化，以分析引起不孕的原因。现报告如下。     

更年期女性激素补充治疗对T细胞及白细胞介素-2水平的影响

目的 探究更年期女性内分泌和免疫功能的变化以及激素治疗后的改善情况.方法 随机选取2012年3月至2014年3月当阳市妇幼保健院收治的更年期综合征女性患者70例,给予两个月的雌激素补充治疗,观察并比较患者治疗前后血清中雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)的水平以及外周血中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平,T淋巴细胞中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+构成比和CD4+与CD8+的比值.结果 治疗前患者血清E2、FSH、LH和IL-2水平分别为(445.21±78.62) pmol/L、(41.09±6.13) IU/L、(38.84±7.27) IU/L和(3.14±1.28) kU/L,治疗后分别为(708.65±82.76)pmol/L、(32.54±5.69) IU/L、(29.52±4.83) IU/L和(12.09±5.92) kU/L,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗前患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群中,CD3+、CD4+所占比例及CD4+与CD8+的比值分别为(41.76±7.29)％、(27.88±7.91)％和(0.91±0.27)％,治疗后分别为(60.52±9.17)％、(39.16±8.28)％和1.87±0.31,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于更年期导致的生殖内分泌功能紊乱以及免疫功能低下的女性患者,给予雌激素补充治疗可明显提高体内E2和IL-2的水平以及T淋巴细胞亚群中CD3+、CD4+所占的比例,降低FSH和LH的水平.有助于患者调节内分泌失衡状态,提高免疫力,从而避免出现由更年期引起的并发症.     

胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病抑郁情绪与性激素水平的相关性研究

目的观察胰岛素强化治疗前后合并抑郁情绪的糖尿病患者性激素水平变化及其与情绪变化的相关性。方法选择187例2型糖尿病患者(T2DM),给予胰岛素强化治疗3个月,对入选患者治疗前后进行抑郁测定,化验其血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清性激素,并进行统计学处理。治疗期间空腹血糖(FBG)控制在4.4~6.1mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖(PBG2h)控制在4.4~8.0mmol/L之间。结果胰岛素治疗前合并抑郁情绪的男性促黄体生成素(LH)和女性泌乳素(PRL)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)明显高于无抑郁情绪患者,男性和女性雌二醇(E2)抑郁情绪患者明显低于无抑郁患者(P<0.01),睾酮(T)两者无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后合并抑郁情绪患者抑郁指数较治疗前明显降低,合并抑郁情绪的男性LH、E2和女性PRL、FSH、E2较治疗前差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗前抑郁指数与男性LH和女性PRL、FSH正相关(r=0.565,0.478,0.617,P<0.01),与男性和女性E2呈负相关(r=-0.614,-0.527,P<0.05);治疗后抑郁指数下降与男性LH和女性PRL、FSH下降正相关(r=0.425,0.398,0.326,P<0.05),与男性和女性E2升高呈负相关(r=-0.357,-0.411,P<0.05)。结论胰岛素治疗可以显著改善2型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪,并且与性激素水平变化相关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.