伴与不伴注意缺陷多动障碍的抽动秽语综合征患儿动态脑电图的 …

目的 探讨与不伴注意缺陷多动障碍（ＡＤＨＤ）的抽动微语综合征（ＴＳ）患儿间脑电图的差异。方法 对８６例伴与不伴ＡＤＨＤ的ＴＳ患儿进行２４ｈ动态脑电图（ＡＥＥＧ）监测。结果 伴ＡＤＨＤ的ＴＳ组（４０例）ＡＥＥＧ异常率为７５％,单纯ＴＳ组（４６例）异常率为３０％,２组差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）;ＡＥＥＧ异常的主要表现为慢波异常以及癫痫样波,伴ＡＤＨＤ的ＴＳ组的ＡＥＥＧ局部异常多于广泛异常,且以额叶受     

伴与不伴多动的Tourette综合征脑电图对比分析

目的 探讨伴与不伴注意缺陷多动障碍（ＡＤＨＤ）的Ｔｏｕｒｅｔｔｅ综合征（ＴＳ）之间的脑电图变化差异。方法 对８６例患儿进行常规ＥＥＧ描记研究分析。结果 伴ＡＤＨＤ的ＴＳ患儿ＥＥＧ异常率显著高于单纯ＴＳ，主要表现为慢波异常以及癫痫样波。结论ＴＳ在神经生理学上存在异质性。ＴＳ与ＡＤＨＤ之间在解剖生理及生化上的关联有待进一步探讨。     

抽动障碍临床、24小时脑电监测和SPECT的研究

目的探讨抽动－秽语综合征（ＴＳ）和慢性运动性抽动障碍（ＣＭＴＤ）的关系及两者脑电图、局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）的异常。方法对３８例ＴＳ和２５例ＣＭＴ进行临床症状和２４小时脑电监测（ＡＥＥＧ）及部分患儿用单光子发射计算机断层扫描（ＳＰＥＣＴ）观察ｒＣＢＦ的变化。结果ＴＳ的临床症状较ＣＭＴＤ严重，两者ＡＥＥＧ异常率分别为５０％和５２％，均以额区明显，５例有痫样放电。ＴＳ和ＣＭＴＤ的ｒＣＢＦ异常呈降低或增加改变，波及范围广泛，与ＡＥＥＧ异常部位无一致性。结论ＣＭＴＤ是ＴＳ的临床表型，两者的脑电图和ｒＣＢＦ异常与癫痫相似，提示与癫痫有一定关系。     

Alzheimer病及老年精神分裂症患者脑电图的检测

为比较Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）和老年精神分裂症（ＳＳ）患者脑电图（ＥＥＧ）的各自特点。方法对３２例ＡＤ患者、２４例ＳＳ患者及３９例正常老人，使用丹麦ＳＥＥＧ—１６道脑电图仪，完成ＥＥＧ检查。结果ＡＤ患者ＥＥＧ异常率８７．５％，显著高于ＳＳ患者的６６．７％和正常老人的２８．２％。（Ｘ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＤ患者、ＳＳ患者分别较正常老人慢波活动及α慢波化显著增加（Ｘ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＤ患者和正常老人２个年龄组的异常率随年龄增大而增高。ＡＤ患者和正常老人ＥＥＧ检查结果与ＣＡＳＩ量表分之间存有一定关系，但在ＳＳ患者中则否。结论ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者的ＥＥＧ表现出具有不同于正常衰老的变异，且ＡＤ和ＳＳ在＜８．５Ｈｚα波上有明显差异，因而ＥＥＧ对了解ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者及两个疾病鉴别上仍有一定参考价值。     

遗传性运动感觉性神经病合并肥厚性心肌病的3D—TCD,rCBF,BAEP…

目的了解遗传性运动感觉性神经病（ＨＭＳＮ）合并肥厚心肌病（ＨＣＭ）的经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）局部脑血流量（ｃＣＢＦ），脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和心电图（ＥＣＧ）的变化。方法，对一家三代ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ１２例患者和１例无症状者常规进行了这四项检查，结果ＴＣＤ，ｒＣＢＦ，ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣＧ的异常率分别为８５％，７６％，９２％和９２％。结论绝大多烽ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ患者的ＴＣＤ，ｒＣＢＦ，ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣ     

82例蛛网膜下腔出血的脑电图与临床

分析８２例蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）患者的脑电图（ＥＥＧ）所见及与临床的关系。ＳＡＨ的ＥＥＧ异常率８３％，异常ＥＥＧ主要有三种形式：以普遍性改变为主（６５％）；广泛性异常伴局灶慢波；局灶性改变。ＥＥＧ中、重度异常以病后２４ｈ￣１０天居多（８９％）。ＥＥＧ异常与高血压及腰穿压力增高之间无明显相关性（Ｐ〉０．０５），而与意识障碍及预后明显相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），提示ＥＥＧ可作为判断预后的指标之一。另外ＥＥ     

脑动脉硬化的脑电图,脑电地形图经颅多普勒超声的对照研究

目的 探讨脑电图（ＥＥＧ）、脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）及经颅多普勒超声（ＴＣＤ）三项检查联合应用对脑动脉硬化的诊断价值。方法 ２０８例临床诊断为脑动脉硬化的病人,均在发病一月内行ＥＥＧ、ＢＥＡＭ及ＴＣＤ检查。结果 ＥＥＧ异常７４例,ＢＥＡＭ异常１２５例住院ＴＣＤ异常率为１００％。ＥＥＧ与ＢＥＡＭ比较（Ｘ＾２＝２５．０６,Ｐ〈０．０１）。有非常显著差异;ＢＥＡＭ与ＴＣＤ比较（Ｘ＾２＝４．１２,Ｐ〈０．０     

32例蛛网膜下腔出血患者的脑血流量与脑电图

随机选择３２例蛛网膜下出血（ＳＡＨ）患者进行脑血流量与脑功能研究，同时检查脑电图（ＥＥＧ）及＾１３３Ｘｅ吸入法测定脑血流量，并对９例进行了复查。结果发现ＳＡＨ大脑平均脑血流量明显低于正常对照组，ＥＥＧ异常率９１％，对照组１３％，脑血流量越低则ＥＥＧ异常越严重，两者呈正相关，ＥＥＧｒＣＢＦ的好转而改善，有良好一致性。认为ＳＡＨ患者脑血流降低与ＥＥＧ异常呈正相关。     

癫痫患者自由基代谢的变化及其与脑电图的关系

本文选择癫痫患者３０例，分别于发作期和缓解期作血浆总抗氧化能力（ＧＡＡ）、血浆谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ１）、血红蛋白谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ２）及血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的检测及脑电图检查。结果提示：发作期，ＭＤＡ明显高于正常。缓解期近于正常，ＭＤＡ升高者，ＥＥＧ多数异常，ＧＡＡ、ＧＳＨ的变化也具有显著意义。揭示自由基代谢参与癫痫的病理过程。     

重症肌无力患者抗骨骼肌抗心肌抗体与心脏损害

目的探讨重症肌无力（ＭＧ）合并心脏损害的发病机制。方法采用无创性心脏检查对５６例ＭＧ患者进行心电图、彩色多普勒二维超声心动图和心肌酶学检查;并应用免疫荧光技术,对其中４９例ＭＧ患者测定抗骨骼肌抗心肌抗体（ＳＨ－Ａｂ）。以正常人作对照检查。结果心电图异常率３０．３５％,超声心动图异常率１０．７１％,心肌酶学异常率４１．０７％。ＳＨ－Ａｂ阳性率４８．９％,对照组无１例有ＳＨ－Ａｂ。还发现伴心肌酶异常的ＭＧ患者ＳＨ－Ａｂ阳性率６９．６％（１６／２３）,心肌酶正常的患者ＳＨ－Ａｂ阳性率仅为３０．８％（８／３０）,伴胸腺瘤者（ＭＧＴ）ＳＨ－Ａｂ阳性率为４１．６％（５／１２）,不伴胸腺瘤者（ＭＧＮＴ）ＳＨ－Ａｂ阳性率仅为２４．３２％（９／３７）。另外,ＭＧＴ心电图、心肌酶学异常率均为５０％,均明显高于ＭＧＮＴ。结论ＭＧ的心脏损害可能与ＳＨ－Ａｂ滴度增高抗原抗体结合等自身免疫机制有关。     

24小时动态脑电图监测Tourette综合征癫痫样放电

目的：探讨Ｔｏｕｒｅｔｔｅ综合征（ＴＳ）癫痫样脑波的是临床意义。方法：利用动态脑电图仪对８６例ＴＳ患儿作２４小时监测。结果：８６例ＴＳ患儿中有１３例（１５．１％）监测到ＥＥＧ癫痫样放电。其中５例（６％）合并癫痫,８例（９．３％）无癫痫发作。结论：ＴＳ的癫痫样波一部分与癫痫有关,另一部分意义未明,可能遗传有关。     

动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的探讨

目的：了解动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：用MB8000型8导激光动态脑电图记录仪对145例诊断为癫痫,可疑癫痫病人进行24h动态脑电图检查。结果：总异常率为524％,癫痫组异常62．4％,癫痫样放电出现率58．1％。可疑癫痫组异常34．6％,痫样放电出现率25.0%,两级之间有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。癫痫组与可疑癫痫组临床发作中所描记到的痫样放电出现率亦有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。痫样放电时间以睡眠期为主,占83、3%。结论：本文着重分析讨论了动态脑电图睡眠期的意义及对伪迹鉴别的体会,24h脑电图对癫痫的诊断和鉴别诊断明显优于常规脑电图,有着重要的临床意义。     

P300 differences exist between Tourette's syndrome with and without attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder in children.

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of P300 in Tourette's syndrome (TS) with and without attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: Auditory evoked P300 were recorded in 19 TS only (TS-ADHD) children, 15 TS with ADHD (TS + ADHD) children and 20 unaffected control subjects, and their waveforms, amplitudes, latencies and topographies were compared at Fz, Cz, C3, C4 and Pz. RESULTS: The TS + ADHD group showed shorter latencies than control subjects at all electrode sites (P<0.05 or 0.01), and the TS-ADHD group at CZ and PZ (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between control subjects and the TS-ADHD group. The TS-ADHD group showed smaller amplitudes than the control group at all electrode sites (P<0.05), and the TS + ADHD group at Cz (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences between control subjects and the TS + ADHD group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal waveforms between the control, TS, TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD groups, but there were significant differences in the variability of localization of P300 between the control and the TS group (P=0.003), control and TS + ADHD groups (P=0.000), and the TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD groups (P=0.039). P300 in the TS + ADHD group tended to spread out to the left and that of the TS-ADHD group tended to spread out to the right. CONCLUSIONS: P300 differences exist between TS-ADHD and TS + ADHD in children. These suggested that establishment different development defects or delay of communications between different structures rather than a delay in maturation of the structures themselves may be involved in TS + ADHD and TS-ADHD children and ADHD symptoms in TS patients are likely a trait rather than adventitious or acquired within the TS syndrome.     

Sustained Attention and Impulsivity in Children with Tourette Syndrome: Comorbidity and Confounds

We sought to determine whether Tourette syndrome (TS) was related to attentional disturbance independent of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), two comorbid conditions associated with attentional problems in other populations. Participants were 74 children [21 with uncomplicated TS (TS-Only), 14 with TS and ADHD (TS-ADHD), 21 with ADHD, and 18 controls]. Impaired sustained attention and impulsivity on a Continuous Performance Task were uncommon in the TS-Only group, but common in TS-ADHD and ADHD. The TS-ADHD group was less impulsive than the ADHD group, but had a higher rate of whole-body tics than the TS-Only group, raising questions about the diagnosis of ADHD in TS. OCS was not an independent risk factor for attention problems. However, the association of tic severity and impulsivity was consistent with the theory that TS involves dysfunction in cortical-subcortical circuits mediating behavioral inhibition.     

Sustained attention and impulsivity in children with Tourette syndrome: comorbidity and confounds

We sought to determine whether Tourette syndrome (TS) was related to attentional disturbance independent of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), two comorbid conditions associated with attentional problems in other populations. Participants were 74 children [21 with uncomplicated TS (TS-Only), 14 with TS and ADHD (TS-ADHD), 21 with ADHD, and 18 controls]. Impaired sustained attention and impulsivity on a Continuous Performance Task were uncommon in the TS-Only group, but common in TS-ADHD and ADHD. The TS-ADHD group was less impulsive than the ADHD group, but had a higher rate of whole-body tics than the TS-Only group, raising questions about the diagnosis of ADHD in TS. OCS was not an independent risk factor for attention problems. However, the association of tic severity and impulsivity was consistent with the theory that TS involves dysfunction in cortical-subcortical circuits mediating behavioral inhibition.     

300例癫痫及可疑癫痫患者AEEG分析

目的：对３００例癫痫及可疑癫痫患者的动态脑电图的应用价值进行了初步探讨。方法;使用北京明思公司ＳＷ－ＪＨ系列智能化脑电监护仪描记,并与常规脑电图比较。结果：３００例中ＥＥＧ异常５４例,ＡＥＥＧ异常１７８例ＡＥＥＧ痫样放电检出率明显高天ＥＥＧ。１４４例继发性癫痫患者中,ＥＥＧ异常８例,ＡＥＥＧ异常１０例,二者无显著性差异。     

Academic,Interpersonal, Recreational,and Family Impairment in Children with Tourette Syndrome and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study describes impairment in academic, interpersonal, recreational, and family financial or occupational domains across children in three mutually exclusive diagnostic groups: ever diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both disorders. In 2014, parents reported on impairment and diagnostic status of children aged 4–17 years (n?=?3014). Weighted analysis and pairwise t-tests showed more children with ADHD (with or without TS) experienced impairment in overall school performance, writing, and mathematics, relative to children with TS but not ADHD. More children with TS and ADHD had problematic handwriting relative to children with ADHD but not TS. More children with TS and ADHD had problematic interpersonal relationships relative to those with ADHD but not TS. Children with TS and ADHD had higher mean impairment across domains than children with either TS or ADHD. Findings suggest assessing disorder-specific contributions to impairment could inform targeted interventions for TS and ADHD.

     

Differential measures of 'sustained attention' in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity or tic disorders: relations to monoamine metabolism

Controversy exists on whether the constructs tested by paper/pencil and computerized continuous-performance tests (CPT) are similar, and the deficits recorded in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (ADHD) are comparable. Signal-detection measures were recorded on four such tests of 'sustained attention', with increasing working-memory requirements in healthy children (14; mean 10 years), and those with ADHD (14; mean 10 years) or a tic syndrome (TS, 11; mean 11 years). Clinical associations were sought from 24-h urinary measures of monoamine activity. The cancellation paper/pencil test revealed no group differences for errors or signal detection measures. On the CPT, ADHD children made more omission and commission errors than control subjects, but TS children made mostly omissions. This reflected the poor perceptual sensitivity (d-prime, d') for ADHD and conservative response criteria (beta) for TS children. This group difference extended to the CPTax, which was shown on a regression analysis to test for putative working-memory-related abilities as well as concentration. In all children, immediate response-feedback reduced omissions, and modestly improved d'. CPTax performance related negatively to dopamine metabolism in control subjects and to serotonin metabolism in the ADHD group. But comparisons between the metabolites in the ADHD group suggest that increased serotonin and decreased noradrenaline, with respect to dopamine metabolism, may detract from CPT performance in terms of d'. CPT tasks demonstrated a perceptual-based impairment in ADHD and response conservatism in TS patients independent of difficulty. Catecholamine activity was implicated in the promotion of perceptual processing in normal and ADHD children, but serotonin activity may contribute to poor CPTax (working-memory) performance in ADHD patients.     

The Electroencephalogram in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Emphasis on Epileptiform Discharges

This study dealt with the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 176 children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Of special interest were the patients who had in their EEG some type of spike activity (spike group), in contrast with those without such activity (control group). In the entire group, 27.8% were completely normal and an additional 18.8% had positive spikes as their only finding. Definite noncontroversial, epileptiform activity was seen in 30.1%, mainly focal (usually occipital or temporal), less often generalized, with bilaterally synchronous spike and waves complexes seen in 11 children. Extreme spindles or diffuse slow waves occurred only in the spike group (one exception in each) and slow wave abnormalities (mainly frontal or temporal), nearly always mild in degree, were seen mainly in the spike group. These different findings suggest that ADHD is a condition often with organic changes in the form of EEG abnormality, at times with epileptiform activity that could contribute to a deficit in attention or a plethora of movements.