淫羊藿苷对破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能的影响

目的研究淫羊藿苷对破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能的影响,评价淫羊藿苷对骨质疏松的预防及治疗作用。方法采用1,25-(OH)2D3诱导兔骨髓单核细胞形成破骨细胞样细胞以及原代分离的乳兔成熟破骨细胞与骨片共培养的方法,考察淫羊藿苷对破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能的影响。结果浓度为100、50μmol.L-1的淫羊藿苷明显抑制1,25-(OH)2D3诱导兔骨髓单核细胞形成破骨细胞样细胞的数目,当其浓度为100、50、10μmol.L-1时,明显抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收功能,具体表现在吸收陷窝数目及表面积均明显减少。结论淫羊藿苷不仅可以明显抑制破骨细胞的分化,同时具有抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收功能的作用,提示淫羊藿苷具有改善骨吸收功能亢进的潜力。     

蛇床子总香豆素抑制大鼠多核破骨细胞的形成和分化

目的：研究蛇床子总香豆素（TCFC）对破骨细胞的作用,探讨其抗骨质疏松的作用机制。方法：采用原代培养的成骨细胞和骨髓单核细胞联合培养的方法,在1,25－（OH）2,维生素D3和地塞米松作用下,使骨髓单核细胞分化形成破骨细胞,通过相差显微镜下的形态观察,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色和骨片上骨吸收陷窝的形成来鉴定破骨细胞,磷酸苯二钠法测定破骨细胞抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性,计算机图像分析技术测定骨片上破骨性骨吸收陷窝的面积,原子吸收光谱法测定破骨细胞和骨片联合培养的培养上清中钙的浓度。结果：蛇床子总香豆素（TCFC）2.5-25mg/L抑制破骨细胞的形成和分化。TCFC0.25-25mg/L作用24－72h,可以显著抑制抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性,TCFC25mg/L作用48h和72h分别可使其降低26．3％和24．1％,TCFC25mg/L可使破骨细胞在骨片上形成的吸附陷窝的面积减少25．05％,骨片中Ca^2 的释放减少41．73％,结论：TCFC通过抑制破骨细胞的形成,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性和骨吸收作用减少骨质丢失。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对体外培养骨细胞功能的影响

目的 :观察淫羊藿总黄酮 (HEF)对体外培养成骨细胞以及破骨细胞功能的影响。方法 :分别用酶消化法和体外机械分离法获得新生SD大鼠成骨细胞、破骨细胞 ,在培养液中分别加入不同浓度的HEF ,观察成骨细胞的增殖功能、分化功能和矿化功能。以抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色观察破骨细胞数目、形态 ,Image ProPlus图像软件分析骨片上骨吸收陷窝的数目和面积。结果 :增殖率测定HEF浓度为 10 - 4mol·L- 1时与对照组比较差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;碱性磷酸酶活性浓度≥ 10 - 8mol·L- 1,差异有显著意义 ;矿化结节面积/孔HEF 10 - 10mol·L- 1组和 10 - 4mol·L- 1组与对照组相比均增加(P <0 .0 1)。骨片培养 3d ,吸收陷窝计数的结果显示 ,各浓度对破骨细胞吸收功能均有抑制作用 ,仅10 - 4mol·L- 1组有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。陷窝面积 10 - 10 mol·L- 1组和 10 - 4mol·L- 1组与对照组相比 ,均无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :HEF可以通过影响成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化促进骨形成 ;而在体外减少破骨细胞数目 ,减弱破骨细胞吸收功能。     

补肾方骨青颗粒对破骨细胞分化及骨吸收功能的影响

目的 探讨补肾方骨青颗粒对破骨细胞分化及骨吸收功能的影响.方法 体外诱导破骨前体细胞系RAW264.7向破骨细胞分化,通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色观察破骨细胞数目,图像分析计算骨吸收陷窝面积,荧光定量RT-PCR检测骨青颗粒对破骨细胞骨吸收功能标志性基因水平.结果 与对照组相比,骨青颗粒可显著抑制TRAP染色阳性细胞的产生,减少破骨细胞骨吸收陷窝的面积,明显降低破骨细胞骨吸收功能标志性基因[组织蛋白酶K(Ctsk)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)]mRNA的表达.结论 骨青颗粒可显著抑制破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能.     

RAW264.7细胞在体外分化成破骨细胞的研究

目的:观察小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7的一般生物学特征及在重组细胞核因子kB受体活化因子配基(RANKL)诱导下形成成熟的有骨吸收能力的破骨细胞的可行性.方法:培养RAW264.7后,RANKL诱导RAW264.7,用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色法观察阳性多核细胞,电镜下扫描检测电镜骨吸收陷窝.结果:RANKL诱导RAW264.7第3天开始出现少数多核巨细胞,随时间的延长细胞数目逐渐增多,第7天多核巨细胞数达峰值,多核巨细胞TRAP染色阳性,电镜下可见骨片上的吸收陷窝呈圆形或椭圆形,边界轮廓清晰,陷窝底部纤维腐蚀吸收的纹路清晰可见,提示多核巨细胞具有骨吸收功能.结论:RAW264.7是一种较好的破骨前体细胞模型.RANKL诱导RAW264.7形成破骨细胞方法简便易行、可重复性好.     

淫羊藿苷与金雀异黄酮骨保护作用的比较研究

目的通过淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)和金雀异黄酮(genistein,GEN)对幼龄大鼠和切除卵巢大鼠的药物干预,比较其抗骨质疏松的药理活性。方法 1月龄♀SD大鼠灌服25 mg·kg-1·d-1淫羊藿苷和10 mg·kg-1·d-1金雀异黄酮3个月,6月龄SD切除卵巢大鼠灌服同样的剂量3个月,检测骨密度、股骨生物力学、血清骨钙素与抗酒石酸性磷酸酶5b和骨组织形态。结果与对照组相比较,1月龄大鼠口服淫羊藿苷后,骨密度、股骨生物力学和骨质量均增加,而金雀异黄酮效果甚微。然而,切除卵巢大鼠在口服金雀异黄酮后,比淫羊藿苷更有效的抑制了骨量丢失和骨组织微结构的退化。结论相比较金雀异黄酮,淫羊藿苷有更强的成骨活性,但雌激素活性较弱,能更强地提高幼鼠峰值骨量。切除卵巢大鼠内环境由雌激素主导,因此,金雀异黄酮比淫羊藿苷能更强地减缓骨量丢失。     

基于模型群体分析的淫羊藿抗骨质疏松活性成分筛选研究

筛选淫羊藿中对破骨细胞生长具有抑制作用的活性成分。搜集不同产地淫羊藿药材,MTT法考察不同产地淫羊藿抗前破骨细胞RAW264.7生长活性。结果显示不同产地淫羊藿的抗RAW264.7生长活性具有显著差别。采用模型群体分析,一个具有潜在活性的化合物宝霍苷I被筛选出。通过破骨细胞活性验证,发现宝霍苷I活性优于淫羊藿苷。模型群体分析方法适用于指导中药活性成分预测及发现,为中药活性成分筛选提供了新方法。     

不同浓度破骨细胞分化因子和1,25-(OH)_2D_3体外诱导大鼠破骨样细胞形成的研究

目的研究破骨细胞分化因子和1,25-(OH)2D3共同作用对大鼠破骨样细胞体外形成的影响。方法采用大鼠脾细胞和骨细胞联合培养,实验组分别加入不同浓度的破骨细胞分化因子和1,25-(OH)2D3进行诱导,并利用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色、骨吸收陷窝检测等方法对破骨样细胞进行鉴定,对TRAP(+)的细胞进行计数和统计学分析。统计学方法采用单因素方差分析,组间比较用SNK检验。结果各实验组细胞均有TRAP(+)多核破骨细胞出现,并在牙本质磨片上形成吸收陷窝,破骨细胞分化因子和1,25-(OH)2D3共同作用的双因子诱导TRAP(+)多核破骨细胞形成的数量要大于使用单因子诱导,且因子浓度越大,诱导效果越好。结论破骨细胞分化因子和1,25-(OH)2D3共同作用及高浓度的因子诱导可有效诱导体外破骨样细胞的形成。     

淫羊藿苷对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨组织中IL-6表达的影响

目的观察淫羊藿苷对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨组织中白介素-6（IL-6）表达的影响,探讨淫羊藿苷的抗骨质疏松作用机制。方法取雌性小鼠于无菌条件下切除双侧卵巢,复制骨质疏松小鼠模型。造模小鼠随机分为：模型,己稀雌酚、淫羊藿苷高、中、低剂量组,以假手术小鼠作为对照组。各组动物按各自药物和剂量灌胃给药,每日1次,连续2个月。停药次日,脱颈椎处死动物,取右侧股骨常规脱钙、石蜡包埋、切片,用免疫组化方法观察骨组织白介素-6（IL-6）的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠骨组织中IL-6阳性破骨细胞灰度值明显降低;与模型组比较,淫羊藿苷高、中剂量组小鼠骨组织中IL-6阳性破骨细胞灰度值明显增加。结论淫羊藿苷通过降低骨质疏松模型小鼠骨组织中IL-6的表达,从而减少骨吸收。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白抑制小鼠破骨细胞的分化机制研究

目的：探讨鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白(Carassius auratus sialyglycoproteins,Ca-SGP)对核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)诱导形成的破骨细胞的抑制作用及机制。方法：初断乳ICR雄性小鼠,无菌取股骨,分离骨髓造血细胞,通过诱导剂巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)和RANKL诱导破骨细胞的分化与成熟。MTT法检测Ca-SGP对破骨细胞及其前体细胞活力的影响;通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色、TRAP检测试剂盒和骨吸收陷窝实验测定Ca-SGP在破骨细胞分化与成熟过程中的作用;实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)测定破骨细胞形成过程中核因子κB(Nuclear factor,NF-κB)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)信号通路关键因子的表达。结论：Ca-SGP可有效抑制由RANKL诱导的破骨细胞分化及成熟,降低细胞TRAP活性及其表达,抑制骨吸收陷窝形成;分子机制方面,Ca-SGP可明显降低信号传导关键蛋白TRAP6的活性,进而抑制NF-κB和MAPKs信号通路关键因子mRNA的表达,达到抑制破骨细胞分化成熟的效果。结果：Ca-SGP可通过NF-κB和MAPKs信号通路抑制由RANKL诱导的破骨细胞形成和分化成熟。     

Quercetin suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts

Although quercetin has suppressed bone resorption in several animal studies, its target cells and the mechanism of its action related to bone resorption has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of quercetin on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. We used cocultures of mouse spleen cells and ST2 cells, and cultures of osteoclast progenitor cells [M-CSF-dependent (MD) cells from mouse bone marrow and murine monocytic RAW 264 (RAW) cells]. Quercetin dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast-like (OCL) cell formation at 2-5 microM concentration in both the coculture and MD cell culture. Quercetin inhibited the increase of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of mononuclear preosteoclasts (pOCs) induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) in both MD and RAW cell cultures. Quercetin reversely induced the disruption of actin rings in OCLs. Quercetin also suppressed both pit formation induced by osteoclasts on dentine slices and PTH-stimulated (45)Ca release in mouse long bone cultures. These results suggest that osteoclast progenitors as well as mature osteoclasts, are quercetin's target cells in relation to bone resorption, and that quercetin's suppressive effect on bone resorption results from both its inhibitory effect on the differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells into pOCs and from its disruptive effect on actin rings in mature osteoclasts.     

Effects and mechanism of aromatic aminoketone SY0916 on osteoclastic bone destruction

Aim:

To study the effects and mechanism of aromatic aminoketone (SY0916) on bone destruction in vitro.

Methods:

MC3T3-E1 cells and bone marrow cells were co-cultured to obtain purified osteoclasts. The proliferation of osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) was determined by MTT assay. The number of osteoclasts was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The functioning of osteoclasts was determined by measuring the area of bone resorption pits on bone slices. MMP-9 secretion by osteoclasts was measured by an ELISA kit. Osteoclast apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using an AnnexinV-FITC kit. Gene expression of RANK and MMP-9 in osteoclasts as well as RANKL and OPG in MC3T3-E1 cells was determined by real-time PCR.

Results:

SY0916 significantly inhibited the proliferation of OCLs, decreased both the total and average area of bone resorption pits, and dramatically inhibited the number of osteoclasts between concentrations of 0.01 and 10 μmol/L. Furthermore, SY0916 reversed IL-1β-mediated inhibition of osteoclast apoptosis and shortened osteoclast lifespan. In addition, SY0916 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of RANK, RANKL, OPG, and MMP-9. However, the inhibition of OPG was weaker than that of RANKL. Accordingly, the ratio of RANKL to OPG mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly decreased by SY0916. Meanwhile, the expression of MMP-9 protein in osteoclasts was inhibited by SY0916 between 0.01 and 10 μmol/L.

Conclusion:

SY0916 prevents osteoclastic bone destruction by inhibiting the proliferation and function of osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism for this effect involves the regulation of the RANKL-OPG-RANK axis, which determines the direction of bone metabolism.     

冬虫夏草提取液抑制破骨细胞分化与缓解去卵巢小鼠骨量流失的研究

目的 探讨冬虫夏草提取液（Cordyceps sinensis extract,CSE）对去卵巢小鼠骨量流失的保护作用以及对核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL）诱导的破骨细胞分化及其功能的影响。方法 从C57BL/6小鼠骨髓中提取巨噬细胞（bone marrow-derived macrophages,BMMs）;在破骨细胞分化过程中,加入CSE干预处理,通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP）染色分析破骨细胞数量;将接近成熟的破骨细胞种于羟基磷灰石板,观测骨陷窝面积;使用DAPI和鬼笔环肽对破骨细胞肌动蛋白环（F-actin）进行染色,观测环内细胞核数量和环形态;使用q-PCR检测DC-STAMP、ATP6V0d2、TRAP、CTSK、NFATc1的表达;使用Western blot检测MAPK通路蛋白的表达;构建去卵巢小鼠,每天灌胃给予CSE,治疗6周取小鼠股骨进行形态学分析以及ELISA检测外周血中骨碱性磷酸酶（bone alkaline p...     

Icariin inhibits the osteoclast formation induced by RANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor in mouse bone marrow culture

Icariin is a prenylated flavonol glycoside contained in the herb Epimedium, which has long been used to improve bone fracture healing or prevent osteoporosis because of the belief that the herb has bone-strengthening action. We have previously demonstrated that icariin enhances the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells, and partially explained the bone-strengthening mechanism of the herb. In the present study, the effect of icariin on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity was investigated in mouse bone marrow culture. It was found that icariin dose-dependently inhibited the growth and differentiation of hemopoietic cells from which osteoclasts were formed. Far less TRAP+ multinuclear cells appeared in the 10 microM icariin group than in the control. The bone resorption pits formed in the 10 microM icariin group was also significantly less than that of the control. RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of TRAP, RANK and CTR was obviously lower than that of the control. It can be concluded that icariin has the ability to inhibit the formation and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts, which suggests that icariin should be the effective component for the bone-strengthening action of herb Epimedium.     

The effect of kampo formulae on bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. II. Detailed study of berberine.

We previously isolated berberine from aqueous extracts of tsu-kan-gan, a Kampo formula used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Berberine caused an inhibitory effect on parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated bone resorption in neonatal mouse bone. In this report we describe the inhibitory effect of berberine on the formation of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (OCLs) in the co-culture of mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells in the presence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], PTH and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). Berberine dose-dependently inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive OCLs induced by 1alpha25(OH)2D3, PTH and IL-1alpha. We prepared OCLs in the co-culture of osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells. The effect of berberine on pit formation by OCLs was examined using dentin slices. As OCLs are terminally differentiated multinucleated cells, the survival of OCLs affects the bone-resorbing activity of OCLs. This prompted us to count the number of TRAP-positive OCLs on the slices. Berberine dose-dependently inhibited pit formation and caused a decrease in the number of TRAP-positive OCLs. Calcitonin (CT) inhibited pit formation without affecting the number of OCLs. Berberine accelerated the cell death in OCLs cultivated on a culture plate, but CT did not affect the cell death of OCLs. This suggests that the decrease in the number of OCLs on dentin slices may be due to apoptotic cell death in OCLs. In fact, Hoechst 33258 staining revealed that the treatment of OCLs with berberine resulted in condensed nuclei and a decrease in cell size. Oral administration of the berberine (30 and 50 mg/kg/d) to ovariectomized rats prevented a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebra without affecting the weight of the uterus and plasma concentration of estradiol. These results suggested that berberine prevented a decrease in BMD in vivo by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption.     

蛇床子素对体外培养破骨细胞骨吸收及细胞凋亡的影响

研究蛇床子素对破骨细胞骨吸收的影响及其分子机制。采用体外分离、培养兔破骨细胞, 与盖玻片及骨磨片共同培养, 使用1×10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹蛇床子素刺激破骨细胞, 观察活体细胞并依据HE、TRAP、骨陷窝甲苯胺蓝染色鉴定破骨细胞; 进行骨吸收陷窝和面积定量分析, 吖啶橙染色统计凋亡细胞; real time PCR及Western blotting法检测相关基因和蛋白。与空白对照组比较, 1×10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹蛇床子素能够明显提高破骨细胞凋亡率并通过抑制RANKL和TRAP等相关基因及JNK1/2磷酸化水平抑制其骨吸收。结果提示, 蛇床子素可以通过RANK+RANKL/ TRAF6/Mkk/JNK途径刺激破骨细胞凋亡并抑制骨吸收。     

甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞的作用及机制研究

本文在诱导培养并纯化破骨细胞的基础上，研究甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞活性及功能的影响，探讨甲氨蝶呤抑制炎症性骨破坏的作用机制。研究采用MTT法测定甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞增殖的影响；流式细胞术测定甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞凋亡的影响；TRAP染色和骨吸收陷窝染色计数、骨吸收陷窝面积测定分别观察甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞活性及功能的影响；ELISA法测定甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞中MMP-9分泌的影响；RT-PCR法测定甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞中MMP-9、 RANK基因表达的影响。结果显示，甲氨蝶呤(0.1～10 μmol·L^-1)可抑制破骨细胞增殖，对破骨细胞的活性及骨吸收功能均有显著的抑制作用，并可促进破骨细胞的凋亡。同时，甲氨蝶呤(0.01～10 μmol·L^-1)对破骨细胞中RANK的mRNA表达具有一定的抑制作用；但对MMP-9表达的影响较弱，只在1～10 μmol·L^-1时才对MMP-9的mRNA表达具有抑制作用。以上结果表明，甲氨蝶呤抑制炎症性骨破坏的作用与其对破骨细胞活性及功能的抑制密切相关。