非小细胞肺癌术后外周血循环肿瘤细胞的检测及其意义

 目的探讨对非小细胞肺癌术后外周血中循环肿瘤细胞(circulatingtumorcells,CTCs)的检测及意义。方法经根治手术治疗并经病理确诊的肺腺癌患者38例,术后TNM分期为Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期13例。10例肺良性病变患者作为对照组,术后病理为肺结核4例,肺部炎性病变6例。采用免疫磁珠富集联合流式细胞术方法检测外周血CTCs(每7.5ml)。结果10例肺良性病变患者术后外周血中CTCs阳性率为10%(1/10),38例非小细胞肺癌患者术后外周血中CTCs阳性率为39.5%(15/38)。肺良、恶性组CTCs阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.132)。Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期CTCs阳性率相比差异具有统计学意义(χ²=3.970,P=0.046)。结论非小细胞肺癌术后外周血中存在CTCs,其阳性率与肿瘤TNM分期相关。CTCs检测可用于指导术后治疗。     

黑色素瘤抗原基因-1,3基因在肺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的了解肺癌组织中和黑色素瘤抗原基因(MAGE)1,3基因的表达,并探讨其作为免疫治疗的靶抗原在肺癌中的应用价值。方法采用RTPCR法检测72例肺癌患者的肿瘤组织和相应的癌旁“正常”组织中MAGE1,3基因的表达情况。结果72例肺癌组织中,MAGE1表达阳性率为72%(52/72例)MAGE3表达阳性率为69%(50/72例)MAGE1,3表达双阳性率为52%(38/72例),MAGE1,3任一基因表达阳性者64例,阳性率为89%(64/72例)。癌旁"正常"组织中MAGE1,3基因表达阳性率分别为47%(34/72例)和44%(32/72例),MAGE1,3表达双阳性率为31%(22/72例)。肺癌组织MAGE1,3基因表达阳性率均高于癌旁“正常”组织,5株肺细胞株MAGE1,3基因表达均为阳性。结论基于MAGE1,3基因在肺癌中的高表达率,可利用其作为靶分子进行免疫治疗,同时也可作为一种有临床价值的随访指标。     

赖氨酸羟化酶2在原发性肝癌组织中表达及其对肝癌细胞迁移、侵袭影响

目的 探讨赖氨酸羟化酶2(PLOD2)在原发性肝癌（HCC）组织中的表达,以及抑制该基因对肝癌细胞HepG2迁移、侵袭的影响。方法 选取自2017年5月至2019年5月于鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院行手术治疗的93例HCC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织为研究对象。免疫组织化学法检测癌组织及癌旁组织PLOD2蛋白表达。分析HCC组织PLOD2蛋白表达与临床指标的相关性。培养肝癌细胞HepG2并分为PLOD2干扰组（转染PLOD2干扰序列）、阴性对照组（转染阴性对照序列）和空白组（不作任何处理）。实时荧光定量PCR检测PLOD2 mRNA表达,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。结果 HCC组织PLOD2蛋白表达阳性率为77.42%(72/93),高于癌旁组织的33.33%(31/93),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。PLOD2蛋白阳性表达率与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和微血管侵犯有关（P <0.05）。PLOD2干扰组PLOD2 mRNA相对表达量、24 h时划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数低于阴性对照组和空白组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结...     

乙肝相关性肝癌MLH1与p53的表达及其意义

 目的 探讨MLH1与p53在乙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitis B virus ,HBV) 感染相关性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达及其意义。方法 选取原位肝移植手术术后HBV相关性HCC伴肝硬化患者238例,应用免疫组化的方法检测肝癌组织和癌旁组织中MLH1与p53的表达情况,并以25例正常肝组织和良性肝病组作为对照。结果 MLH1在肝癌组织的阳性表达率为31.09％(74/238),在癌旁组织的表达阳性率为26.05％(62/238),良性肝病对照组阳性表达率为48.00％(12/25),各组表达的差异无统计学意义(P=0.053)。相关性分析显示,MLH1基因的表达与患者肝移植术前AFP含量(r=0.221,P=0.001)及术后的复发(r=-0.159,P=0.014)有相关性,与HCC组织病理学Edmondson分级(P=0.060)及TNM分期(P=0.065)有相关趋势。p53在肝癌组织的表达阳性率为47.06％(112/238),在癌旁组织的表达阳性率为0.84％(2/238),良性肝病对照组均为阴性,p53蛋白的表达在癌组织中明显高于其在癌旁及良性肝病中的表达(P=0.000);p53表达情况与患者肝移植术前AFP含量有相关性(r=0.172,P=0.008),与血管侵犯(P=0.053)及肿瘤数量(P=0.051)有相关趋势。结论 MLH1蛋白表达下调可能与HBV相关性肝癌的发生及术后的复发有关,且MLH1与p53蛋白在肝癌中的表达有一定的关联性。     

Hec1在膀胱癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素和预后的关系

 目的 观察肿瘤高表达蛋白(high expression in cancer,Hec1)在人膀胱癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素和预后的关系。方法 运用免疫组织化学和Western印迹法检测手术切除的105例人膀胱癌及20例癌旁正常膀胱组织病理标本中Hec1的表达,其中按Elson and Ellis半定量三级分类法:Ⅰ级51例,Ⅱ级39例,Ⅲ级15例;临床TNM分期Ⅰ期31例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期51例;伴淋巴结转移者71例,无淋巴结转移34例;肿瘤直径≤2 cm者49例,2～5cm 者35例,>5 cm者21例。采用Prism6.0统计软件分析肿瘤组织Hec1与临床病理因素及5年生存率的关系。采用Cox比例风险模型多因素分析影响膀胱癌预后的独立因子。结果 Hec1在人膀胱癌组织及癌旁正常组织表达率分别为78.2%(82/105)和15.0%(3/20),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Hec1的表达与患者的年龄、组织类型、肿瘤大小均无显著相关性(P分别为0.25, 0.17,0.26)。随临床分期的升级(P=0.042)、淋巴结转移的出现(P=0.033),Hec1表达水平逐渐增高,各组间有显著相关性;Hec1表达阳性的膀胱癌患者,术后5年生存率明显较Hec1表达阴性者低(P=0.025);淋巴结转移、TNM分期及Hec1是影响膀胱癌预后的独立因素。结论 Hec1的表达与膀胱癌的发生、发展和转归有一定相关性,有可能起到肿瘤刺激因子的作用,为临床诊断、治疗及判断预后提供方向。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌前后调节性T细胞的变化及其与患者预后的相关性

目的探讨乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)频率与疾病病程的关系;观察氩氦冷冻消融治疗对HCC患者外周血Treg频率的影响,分析Treg频率与患者预后的相关性。方法采用流式细胞仪检测101例HCC患者外周血Treg频率,分析Treg频率与HCC进展的关系。对其中34例患者进行氩氦冷冻消融治疗,检测治疗前和治疗后患者外周血Treg频率和甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,分析二者的变化规律及与肿瘤进展的相关性。结果HCC巴塞罗那分期(BCLC分期)早期患者的Treg频率为6.89%±1.27%,中期患者为9.13%±1.36%,进展期患者为10.12%±2.04%,终末期患者为13.4%±2.81%。氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗后,17例肿瘤缓解患者的Treg频率较术前降低,其中7例术前AFP阳性(AFP>20ng/ml)的患者术后Treg频率和AFP水平均降低;14例肿瘤进展患者的Treg频率较术前明显升高,其中9例术前AFP阳性患者术后Treg频率和AFP水平随肿瘤进展而升高。结论HCC患者Treg频率随肿瘤进展而逐渐升高。氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗可降低HCC患者的Treg频率;对于氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗前A...     

T-cadherin在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤复发转移的关系

目的 探讨T-钙黏附蛋白(T-cadherin)在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤侵袭转移的关系.方法 收集2010年5月-2011年10月于南京军区福州总医院行手术切除的肝癌患者的新鲜癌组织和癌旁2cm以上肝组织标本,采用免疫组织化学方法观察不同恶性生物学程度以及手术前TNM分期相同,术后1年内出现或未出现复发和(或)转移的HCC患者的癌组织及癌旁组织中T-cadherin基因的表达;采用RT-PCR方法检测T-cadherin基因mRNA的表达情况.结果 肝癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率高达46.7％(28/60),明显高于癌旁肝组织6.7％(4/60),两组相比差异具有统计学意义(x2=24.55,P=0.000).在高分化与中低分化的HCC患者癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率分别为30.0％(6/20)和35.0％(7/20),两者比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.114,P=0.736).在出现转移的HCC患者癌组织中T-cadherin的异常表达率[75％(15/20)]明显升高,与未出现转移的HCC患者[32.5％(13/40)]相比,差异具有统计学意义(x2=9.676,P=0.002).T-cadherin mRNA检测结果显示癌组织T-cadherin表达缺失(高度异常表达),癌旁组织在多数患者中呈正常表达(T-cadherin阳性).结论 T-cadherin基因在HCC中异常表达,且与肝细胞癌的复发转移密切相关,有可能作为判断HCC预后的预测指标和药物研究靶点.     

肝细胞癌患者伴发糖尿病行肝动脉化疗栓塞术的预后因素分析

目的 分析糖尿病(DM)对不可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)患者TACE术后预后的影响.方法 选取2010年1月-2015年6月就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行TACE术的HCC患者858例,其中合并DM患者175例(DM组),HCC未合并DM患者683例(非DM组),分析两组患者一般临床资料及总体生存的差异.生存率用Kaplan-Meier法计算,组间差异采用Log-Rank方法,采用Cox比例风险回归分析不可切除HCC患者TACE术预后的影响因素.结果 两组性别、年龄、血清总胆红素、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、Child-Pugh分级、肿瘤最大直径和数目、肝硬化、TACE治疗次数以及BCLC分期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);DM组空腹血糖(FPG)水平高于非DM组(P＜0.05).DM组患者1、3、5年生存率为60.9％、27.5％和10.7％,非DM组为70.9％、36.0％和17.6％,经Log-rank检验,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.008).将上述变量进行多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径＞5 cm、肿瘤数目多发、AFP＞20 ng/ml、BCLC分期、以及合并DM是影响HCC患者TACE预后的独立危险因素.结论 DM是影响不可切除HCC患者TACE后独立危险因素.     

微波消融治疗＞70岁早期肝细胞肝癌患者效果分析

目的 评估微波消融(MWA)治疗＞70岁早期肝细胞肝癌(HCC)患者的效果,分析预后相关因素.方法 2009年1月至2011年1月,第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治的67例老年早期HCC患者接受了超声引导下经皮MWA治疗.结果 肿瘤完全消融率为97.3％,1、3、5年总生存率分别为92.5％、73.0％、50.1％;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为76.1％、47.8％、34.3％.结论 MWA是治疗老年早期HCC患者安全有效的方式.丙型肝炎病毒感染和肿瘤直径≥3 cm是影响无瘤生存率的独立危险因素,肿瘤直径≥3 cm是影响总生存率的独立危险因素.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞对肝细胞癌切除术后预防复发的研究

目的探讨预防性TACE对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)根治性切除术后复发的影响。方法回顾性分析2008年5月—2012年3月行根治性切除并经病理学确诊的557例HCC患者,根据术后2个月内是否行预防性TACE分为两组:预防性介入组(n=327)和未施预防性介入组(n=230),分析两组间的一般临床病理资料的差异,利用Kaplan-Meier计算复发时间,log-rank检验评估不同组别患者的复发差异,采用Cox比例风险模型分析HCC术后复发的独立危险因素,并对相关独立危险因素按是否接受预防性介入进行分层分析。结果两组患者在一般临床病理资料比较差异无统计学意义。经Cox比例风险模型多因素分析发现,年龄(≤50岁)、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP,>20 ng/ml)水平、肿瘤直径(>5 cm)、手术切缘(<1 cm)、微血管癌栓(MVI)以及术后行预防性TACE是影响HCC术后复发的独立危险因素。进一步分层分析,上述5个因素的患者中,预防性TACE组的复发率较未预防性TACE组低且差异有统计学意义。结论 HCC根治性切除术后,预防性TACE可降低肝癌的总体复发率;对于肝癌确诊年龄小、术前AFP阳性、肿瘤直径>5 cm、手术切缘<1 cm和有MVI的HCC患者,预防性TACE可显著降低术后的复发率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.