超声造影对移植肝局灶性病变诊断价值研究

目的 探讨超声造影对移植肝局灶性病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院海南医院和解放军总医院第三医学中心自2003年1月至2021年12月收治的202例肝移植术后常规超声诊断肝局灶性病变患者的临床资料。采用百胜公司MyLab Twice和西门子Seguoia512彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对移植肝局灶性病变进行超声造影检查,超声造影剂为SonoVue,通过观察3个时相的超声造影灌注模式做出诊断。所有患者均经病理及临床随访证实。结果 197例患者经超声造影明确诊断,准确率为97.5%(197/202),包括肝癌复发121例、炎性病变19例、梗死灶18例、血管瘤13例、正常肝组织11例、脂肪浸润10例、冷保存损伤改变2例、纤维瘢痕形成1例、胆管扩张积气1例、肝损害1例;5例患者诊断错误,误诊率为2.5%(5/202)。结论 超声造影技术依据特征性增强模式,对移植肝局灶性病变性质的明确诊断具有重要临床价值。     

超声造影检查肝脏局灶性病灶的临床价值分析

目的探讨超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变良恶性临床鉴别与诊断中的应用价值。方法对收治的肝脏局灶性病变患者分别采用常规超声和实时超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)进行检查,以手术病理确诊结果为金标准进行两种方法的诊断效果进行对比分析。结果病理确诊病灶类型:肝细胞肝癌38例,血管瘤8例,局灶性结节性增生3例,不均匀脂肪肝5例,硬化结节6例,结核球2例,术后包裹性积液1例,肝转移癌5例。常规超声诊断肝脏局灶性病变的敏感性为65.12%,特异性为72.00%,准确性为67.65%;超声造影诊断肝脏局灶性病变的敏感性为88.37%,特异性为92.00%,准确性为89.71%;经统计学分析发现发现超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变诊断的敏感性为、特异性、准确性明显高于常规超声,且差异具有统计学意义。恶性组的开始增强时间、增强峰值时间、消退时间及峰值强度与良性组比较存在明显差异,且差异具有统计学意义。结论应用时间-强度曲线取得的超声造影定量参数变化特征能够反映肝肿瘤微小血管血流分布情况及灌注量,对鉴别诊断肝脏局灶性病变具有较高的临床应用价值。     

超声造影与CT增强扫描对肝占位性病变的诊断价值比较

目的 :对比超声造影与CT增强扫描在肝占位性病变中的诊断价值,为临床诊断肝占位性病变提供参考依据。方法 :回顾性分析71例肝占位性病变患者的临床资料,比较超声造影与CT增强扫描的诊断阳性率,对比2种检查方法的诊断价值。结果:超声造影对肝癌、肝血管瘤及肝局灶性结节增生的诊断阳性率分别为83.33%、88.00%及82.14%,而CT增强扫描分别为88.89%、92.00%及85.71%,2种检查方法的诊断阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。此外,2种检查方法对肝癌、肝血管瘤及肝局灶性结节增生均具有较高的诊断效能(P0.05)。结论:超声造影与CT增强扫描对肝占位性病变的诊断价值相当。     

超声造影检查技术对肝脏局灶性病变定性的临床分析

目的 探讨超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变定性诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集2009年4月～2012年2月对收治的肝脏局灶性病变患者采用常规超声和超声造影检查,比较两种诊断方法对良恶性肝脏局灶性病变的诊断符合情况.结果 常规超声、超声造影诊断与病理诊断符合率比较中肝细胞癌诊断符合率、肝血管瘤诊断符合率、肝局灶性增生结节诊断符合率及总的诊断符合率比较有明显差异,且差异具有统计学意义（x2 =5.21、11.17、8.84、28.27,P＜0.05）.超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变良恶性诊断符合率明显高于常规超声,且差异具有统计学意义（x2 =7.29、22.03,P＜0.05）.结论 超声造检查技术可明显提高对肝脏局灶性病变定性诊断的符合率,有着重要的临床应用价值.     

超声造影在移植肝脏局灶性低回声病灶鉴别诊断中的应用

 目的 评价超声造影技术在肝移植术后肝脏局灶性低回声病灶鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对肝移植术后肝脏出现局灶性低回声病灶患者,用西门子 Sequoia512彩色多普勒超声诊断仪和超声造影剂Sonovue进行超声造影检查,观察3个时相的造影剂灌注模式,并用自动跟踪对比量化技术(Axius ACQ)对病灶及周围肝组织进行定量分析.结果 10例出现局灶性低回声病灶的患者中,超声造影明确诊断梗死灶5例(低回声病灶为无增强,ACQ分析无造影剂灌注),非均质脂肪肝3例(低回声病灶在动脉相、门脉相呈高增强,ACQ分析该区域为正常肝组织,周围肝组织为血流灌注不良区域),肝癌复发2例(其特征为动脉相快速均匀高增强,门脉相及延迟相快速消退).结论 超声造影技术能较好评估肝实质的血流灌注分布情况,有助于移植肝脏梗死灶、非均质性脂肪肝及肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断.     

超声造影鉴别肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的临床意义

目的评价超声造影技术在鉴别良恶性肝脏局灶性病变中的临床意义,并与常规超声比较。方法 83例经穿刺活检及手术或临床证实的肝脏局灶性病变(38例恶性和45例良性)均经常规超声和超声造影检查,对肝脏局灶性病变在造影检查中的强化型式与时相特征逐例进行了观察与记录,并用卡方检验比较了两种方法对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断效能。结果肝脏局灶性病变随其良性与恶性而表现为不同的强化型式与时相特征。超声造影正确诊断34例恶性和43例良性病变,其诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为89.5%、95.6%和92.8%,而常规超声正确诊断23例恶性和22例良性病变,其诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为60.5%、48.9%和54.2%。两种方法诊断效能比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变良恶性鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值,并可取代常规超声。     

超声造影与增强CT对肝脏良恶性病变的诊断价值研究

目的：比较超声造影和增强CT对肝脏良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法：对同时接受肝脏超声造影和增强CT检查的肝内局灶性病变48例进行分析,重点对肝内局灶性病变良恶性判断的敏感度、特异性、预期准确度及病理符合率进行比较。结果：超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变良恶性判断的敏感度为96．7％,特异性为94．1％,预期准确度96．8％,病理类型符合率为84．7％;增强CT则分别为90．7％、92．8％、0.96．7％和86．9%。结论：超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变有较高诊断价值,与增强CT相结合可进一步提高病理诊断符合率。     

实时超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用

目的:评价实时超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的作用及意义.方法:采用实时超声造影技术,对我院269例肝脏局灶性病变进行超声造影检查.结果:92.4%恶性病变动脉相呈现回声增强.病灶动脉相呈现高增强或等增强、延迟相消退为低增强或无增强,在良性病变中占13.8%(19/138),恶性病变中为94.7%(124/131);实时超声造影诊断肝脏局限性病灶的敏感度89.6%,特异度97.5%,诊断符合率93.2%.结论:实时超声造影可显示肝局灶性病变的血流灌注特点,对肝局灶性病变的分类诊断有重要的应用价值.     

灰阶超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨实时灰阶超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析36例肝脏局灶性病变患者的超声造影表现,评价病灶增强时相及其形态学特征,并进行血流动力学分析。同时与CDFI进行比较,部分病例与CT进行对照。结果不同性质占位性病变具有不同的造影增强表现;与CDFI相比,超声造影可明显提高病灶血流显示率;同时,对于直径≤1.0cm病灶,检出率明显提高。结论超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。     

实时超声造影在肝转移癌中的诊断与应用研究

肝转移癌是临床较常见的恶性病变之一,其发病率和恶性程度较高。超声声像图检查时对于不典型或合并肝弥漫性病变、原发性肝癌、肝内局灶性病变与肝内转移灶的鉴别诊断较为困难,有着一定的局限性。近年来,超声造影技术在临床上越来越得到广泛应用,不同的超声造影剂在肝、肾、乳腺等器官中的占位性病变诊断中的临床研究已有较多报道。随着新型超声造影剂及造影成像技术的发展,造影增强技术对肝转移癌的诊断研究有着重要的作用。研究表明,超声造影能有效增强肝脏的二维超声表现,反映出正常肝组织与病变组织的血流灌注的不同,从而提高超声诊断的灵敏性和特异性。本研究应用超声造影剂声诺维,以实时灰阶超声造影匹配技术,观察肝脏转移癌的灌注时间、回声变化规律,并与常规超声及CT比较,探讨超声造影的诊断价值。     

小转移性肝癌的超声造影表现及其应用价值

目的：观察小于3cm的恶性肿瘤肝转移病灶的超声造影表现并探讨其临床应用价值。方法：对77例已确诊为恶性肿瘤肝转移的患者进行Sono Vue超声造影检查,记录并分析不同大小病灶的造影后各时相增强的特征。结果：大小〈1.0cm的4例病灶,动脉相均表现为整体团状增强;大小为〉1.0cm～≤2.0cm的39例病灶中,动脉相整体团状增强18例,环状增强17例,不均匀整体增强2例,无增强2例;大小为〉2.0cm～≤3.0cm的34例病灶中,动脉相整体团状增强6例,环状增强24例,不均匀整体增强3例,等增强1例。病灶大小与增强模式之间比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：在小转移性肝癌中,病灶的增强模式与大小有关;超声造影对恶性肿瘤临床分期及治疗方案的选择有重要的应用价值。     

CT在脂肪肝定量诊断中的应用

目的：探讨CT定量诊断脂肪肝的临床价值。方法：对128例临床明确诊断的非酒精性脂肪肝病例作肝脏CT平扫,测量肝脏、脾脏CT值,用CT阈值和肝内血管相对密度及肝／脾CT值比值分别进行定量分析。结果：88例轻度脂肪肝肝脏平均CT值47HU（36-56HU）;80例表现为肝血管湮没,5例表现为肝血管反转显示。29例中度脂肪肝肝脏平均CT值31HU（27～38HU）;26例表现为肝血管反转显示,3例表现为肝血管湮没。11例重度脂肪肝肝脏平均CT值16HU（-30～25HU）;均表现为肝血管明显反转显示。用CT值阈值定量诊断的正确率是62．7％;用肝血管相对密度指标定量诊断正确率为93．8％,用肝／脾CT值比值诊断脂肪率为97．7％前者与后两者间差异有显著性意义（Х^2=7．133,P〈0．01）。结论：用CT值阈值进行定量诊断的准确性较差,肝内血管相对密度法和肝脾CT值比值法结合应用在脂肪肝的定量诊断中具有较高的价值。     

The real capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the characterization of solid focal liver lesions

Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) using intravenous agents is a rapidly evolving field even though the main clinically recognized application is the characterization of focal liver lesions. Several reports have described the improvement provided by CEUS in the characterization of focal liver lesions in comparison to unenhanced US. CEUS with low transmit power insonation allows the real-time assessment of focal liver lesion contrast enhancement and vascularity during the different dynamic phases after injection of an intravenous contrast agent. CEUS allows the accurate characterization of focal liver lesions as benign or malignant based on the lesion contrast enhancement pattern during the arterial phase and lesion vascularity during portal--late phase in comparison to the adjacent liver parenchyma. During the portal--late phase, benign lesions present prevalently a sustained contrast enhancement with hyper or isovascular appearance to the adjacent liver while malignant lesions present prevalently microbubble washout with hypovascular appearance. On the other hand, the histology of focal liver lesions can only be confidently predicted in selected cases by CEUS, as in liver haemangiomas presenting typical nodular peripheral enhancement with subsequent centripetal fill-in and focal nodular hyperplasia with central spoke wheel-shaped contrast enhancement.     

低频与高频超声诊断肝脏疾病的比较研究

目的:探讨高频超声诊断肝脏疾病的临床价值。方法:选择我院行肝脏超声检查的患者,先行低频超声检查,再行高频超声检查。高频超声或常规低频超声发现肝脏占位性病变且病灶距皮下≤70mm者120例(实性病灶83例,囊性病灶37例);早期肝硬化53例,轻度脂肪肝95例,共268例纳入研究。病灶长径20mm的患者,中、重度脂肪肝,以及晚期肝硬化除外。对比分析高频超声和低频超声显示肝脏病灶的能力。结果:距皮下≤70mm的肝内实性病灶,高频超声发现83例,低频超声发现47例(χ2=45.97,P0.001);最大径5mm的实性占位性病灶,高频超声发现43例,低频超声发现或疑似9例(χ2=56.23,P0.001)。距皮下≤70 mm的肝内囊性病灶,高频超声发现37例,低频超声发现25例(χ2=14.32,P0.001),另外12例低频超声诊断为实性病变。早期肝硬化患者,高频超声发现硬化结节53例,低频超声发现或疑似硬化结节22例(χ2=43.81,P0.001)。轻度脂肪肝患者,高频超声诊断95例,低频超声72例(χ2=26.17,P0.001)。结论:高频超声可明显提高肝脏表浅部位微小病灶的检出率,可以早期诊断肝硬化、脂肪肝等弥漫性病变,是常规超声的有效补充。     

Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of focal liver lesions in fatty liver

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging features of focal liver lesions (FLLs) in fatty liver.MethodOne hundred FLLs in 98 patients with fatty liver were evaluated with real-time CEUS.ResultsAll malignant FLLs showed hyperenhancement in arterial phase and contrast washout in portal and late phases. Among the FLLs, 3.3% of hemangiomas, 12.5% of focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), and 2.5% of focal fatty sparing lesions showed contrast washout in the late phase. The sensitivity and specificity for the characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis, hemangioma, FNH, and focal fatty sparing lesions were 100% and 95.6%, 60% and 100%, 93.3% and 98.6%, 87.5% and 97.8%, and 92.6% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsCorrect characterization of FLLs in fatty liver by CEUS is possible based on their typical enhancement patterns.     

乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影与CT增强扫描的对比研究

目的:探讨乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影(CEUS)血流灌注特点及其与CT增强扫描的差异。方法:选择CT增强扫描提示为乏血供肝转移瘤的12例(20个病灶)行常规超声及造影检查。二维超声观察病灶的部位、大小、边界、内部回声;CEUS观察病灶各期的强化模式、强化水平,重点观察动脉期(0～25s),并与CT增强扫描进行比较。结果:12例共20个病灶,CT增强扫描动脉期:1个病灶轻度增强(5%),11个环形强化(55%),2个不均匀强化(10%),6个无强化(30%)。CEUS动脉期:11个病灶弥漫性均匀强化(55%),7个环形强化(35%),2个不均匀强化(10%)。结论:CEUS显示乏血供肝转移瘤动脉期血供情况优于CT增强扫描;对于CT增强扫描怀疑为乏血供肝转移瘤患者,尤其是单发转移瘤,CEUS检查对临床诊断和治疗有很大帮助。     

Detection and characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in patients with hepatitis C-induced liver cirrhosis

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver cirrhosis provides a major preneoplastic condition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultrasonography (US) is usually used for screening of HCC, but needs improvement.

Purpose: To assess whether use of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent can improve characterization of focal liver lesions and detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis.

Material and Methods: In total, 96 US studies in 49 HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis were performed. The patients were first examined with a baseline US. After this, a diagnostic decision was made and recorded. The patients were then re-examined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and the diagnostic triage was repeated. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year.

Results: On baseline US, indeterminate focal lesions were found in 27 examinations. After CEUS, a confident diagnosis of HCC was made in eight of these examinations. In an additional eight US examinations, diagnosis of regenerative/dysplastic noduli was established. In one patient with no detectable focal lesion at baseline examination, an indeterminate malignant lesion was detected with CEUS. This lesion was further investigated with computed tomography and diagnosed as HCC.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that the use of CEUS significantly improves diagnostic confidence. CEUS improves the detection of HCC in patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis. Also, CEUS makes it possible to rule out malignancy in many cases where baseline US shows indeterminate focal lesions. In low-endemic countries, the use of CEUS in screening for HCC may be considered.     

Role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in characterization of focal liver lesions

Aim

The purpose of the study was to describe the enhancement patterns of focal liver lesions (FLLs) on contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS), assessing the potential of this technique for characterizing the lesions and to compare its diagnostic accuracy with conventional baseline sonography including color Doppler.

Materials and methods

Between August 2009 and July 2010, 50 patients with FLLs underwent gray scale sonography, color Doppler and CEUS. The enhancement patterns of these FLL’s were analyzed throughout the arterial phase, the portal venous phase and the extended portal venous phase (the late parenchymal phase). The final diagnosis was established on the basis of histopathologic examination or CT/MRI imaging.

Results

Out of these 50 FLLs, 33 were malignant (4 hepatocellular carcinoma and 29 metastasis) and 17 were benign (5 hemangioma, 5 abscess, 2 cyst and 1 each of FNH, focal fat sparing area, focal fatty infiltration, adenoma and benign/granulomatous lesion). The enhancement patterns after injecting microbubble contrast agent allowed characterization of FLLs. The malignant lesions showed intratumoral and/or peritumoral vascularity during the arterial phase and perfusion defect during the late parenchymal phase. Contrast enhanced sonography improved sensitivity in detecting malignancy (CEUS vs. baseline sonography, 100% vs. 81.8%).

Conclusion

CEUS improves detection and characterization of FLLs. It should be used as problem solving tool in cases where conventional gray scale and color Doppler sonography are non-diagnostic.     

弥漫型脂肪肝内局灶性病变的CT诊断

目的 研究在弥漫型脂肪肝背景下肝局灶性病变的CT特征,以提高对其诊断的准确率.资料与方法 回顾性分析40例弥漫型脂肪肝合并局灶性病变(35例)或残存肝岛(5例)患者的CT资料,观察脂肪肝对肝局灶性病变CT表现的影响.结果 40例弥漫型脂肪肝中,26例合并多发局灶性肝病变,9例合并单发病变,5例残存肝岛. 35例肝局灶性病变中,转移瘤18例 ,肝细胞癌(HCC)术后复发2例,血管瘤8例,多发囊肿5例,多发腺瘤及单发局灶性结节增生(FNH)各1例.CT平扫肝局灶性病变相对密度随脂肪肝程度而异,边界多不清,增强后强化方式则与无脂肪肝背景的肝内病变相似.结论 弥漫型脂肪肝内局灶性病变,其CT表现与正常背景下有所差异,增强检查尤其是动态增强对病变的诊断与鉴别具有重要意义;对不典型病例,随访对比有助于正确诊断.