经骨折椎椎弓根直接复位固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经骨折椎椎弓根直接复位固定的可行性及原理。方法2001年6月～2005年11月手术治疗胸腰椎单节段爆裂性骨折患者24例,男16例,女8例；平均年龄32．5岁。骨折部位：T_(11) 2例,T_(12) 9例,L_1 11例,L_2 2例。按ASIA脊髓神经功能障碍分级标准：A级1例,B级2例,C级5例,D级3例,E级13例。按椎管阻塞面积分为4度：Ⅰ度3例,Ⅱ度9例,Ⅲ度10例,Ⅳ度2例。手术方法：骨折椎及相邻的上、下椎体经椎弓根置入螺钉后,按固定区的正常矢状面形态将棒预弯；旋转预弯棒,利用中间螺钉作为支点,将骨折椎向前推顶,纠正伤椎后突畸形及水平移位；上、下椎弓根钉撑开,行后外侧植骨。结果所有患者获得3～34个月(平均21个月)随访,伤椎高度恢复至正常的93．6%,水平移位恢复至正常的0．6%,矢状面Cobb角由术前26．5°恢复至术后的3．1°。椎管面积由术前的44．6%增加至术后的92．1%。骨折椎体愈合满意,不完全神经损伤手术后脊髓神经功能有1～2级的恢复。无神经损伤及加重等并发症。结论经骨折椎椎弓根螺钉固定是安全可靠的方法；对骨折直接复位和固定可提高复位质量,改善固定强度及应力分布。     

Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit by indirect reduction and posterior instrumentation: bisegmental stabilization with monosegmental fusion

This study retrospectively reviews 20 sequential patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficit. All patients were treated by indirect reduction, bisegmental posterior transpedicular instrumentation and monosegmental fusion. Clinical and radiological outcome was analyzed after an average follow-up of 6.4 years. Re-kyphosis of the entire segment including the cephaled disc was significant with loss of the entire postoperative correction over time. This did not influence the generally benign clinical outcome. Compared to its normal height the fused cephalad disc was reduced by 70% and the temporarily spanned caudal disc by 40%. Motion at the temporarily spanned segment could be detected in 11 patients at follow-up, with no relation to the clinical result. Posterior instrumentation of thoracolumbar burst fractures can initially reduce the segmental kyphosis completely. The loss of correction within the fractured vertebral body is small. However, disc space collapse leads to eventual complete loss of segmental reduction. Therefore, posterolateral fusion alone does not prevent disc space collapse. Nevertheless, clinical long-term results are favorable. However, if disc space collapse has to prevented, an interbody disc clearance and fusion is recommended. Received: 21 October 1998 Revised: 26 March 1999 Accepted: 12 April 1999     

经后路短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的远期疗效

目的探讨经后路短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的远期疗效。方法经后路切开复位、短节段椎弓根内固定术后随访5年以上的胸腰椎单节段爆裂型骨折68例,随访时间5～13年(平均8年)。68例均于术前、术后、内固定取出前、末次随访时拍摄胸腰椎正侧位X线片,其中18例于末次随访时行CT检查。结果(1)术前有不完全性神经损伤者随访时有90.3%(28/31)恢复Frankel分级1级或以上,完全性神经损伤者无明显恢复。腰痛按Denis评分,P1 41例,P2 24例,P3 3例。(2)内固定螺帽、螺钉松动各1例,螺钉折弯2例,螺钉折断7例,8例未及时取出内固定者2例出现切口破溃渗液。(3)与术前相比伤椎前缘高度平均矫正30.5%,Cobb角平均矫正5.8°。矫正度丢失以伤椎上方椎间隙为主,其次是下方椎间隙;伤椎前缘高度平均丢失1.9%,中部6.0%。(4)伤椎高度丢失和塌陷以椎体中部最重,CT显示88.9%(16/18)的患者伤椎椎体内存在空隙,且与上方椎间隙延续;伤椎复位后可呈“杯状”畸形。(5)伤椎上下方椎间隙较术前退变狭窄,甚至消失;5例Cobb角大于20°者3例有腰痛,其中1例还有轻度神经受压表现;椎间隙退变狭窄与腰痛无相关性。结论经后路短节段椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折有利于恢复神经功能、伤椎高度和生理曲度;但存在术后内固定失败和矫正度丢     

AF钉间接减压复位治疗胸腰椎重度爆裂骨折

目的: 探讨AF钉间接减压治疗重度胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果。方法: 50例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者用间接减压复位内固定植骨术。结果: 随访6个月~9年, 平均3. 5年。伤椎高度由术前的40%恢复到术后的95%, 椎管狭窄指数术前平均2, 术后平均<1。术后除12例全瘫病例无神经功能恢复外, 不完全截瘫患者, 术后神经功能按Frankel分级, 均有Ⅰ级以上恢复。结论: AF钉系统具有操作简单、固定可靠, 能有效的间接减压, 并能很好的恢复脊柱的解剖序列, 是一种治疗重度胸腰椎爆裂骨折的首选方法。     

Short segment fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures without fusion

There continues to be controversy surrounding the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Numerous methods of fixation have been described for this injury, but to our knowledge, spinal fusion has always been part of the stabilising procedure, whether this involves an anterior or a posterior approach. Apart from an earlier publication from this centre, there have been no reports on the use of internal fixation without fusion for this type of fracture. The aim of the study was to determine the outcome of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures who were treated with short segment pedicle screw fixation without fusion. This is a retrospective review of 28 consecutive patients who had short segment pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures without fusion performed between 1990 and 1993. All patients underwent a clinical and radiological assessment by an independent observer. Outcome was measured using the Low Back Outcome Score. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years (mean 3.1 years). Fifty percent of patients achieved an excellent result with the Low Back Outcome Score, while 12% were assessed as good, 20% fair and 16% obtained a poor result. The only significant factor affecting outcome was the influence of a compensation claim (P < 0.05). The implant failure rate (14% of patients) and the clinical outcome was similar to that from series where fusion had been performed in addition to pedicle screw fixation. The results of this study support the view that posterolateral bone grafting is not necessary when managing patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures by short segment pedicle screw fixation. Received: 24 February 1998 Revised: 1 March 1999 Accepted: 27 May 1999     

经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果. 方法 自2005年11月至2008年12月对32例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者采用经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合钉棒内固定治疗.观察术前、术后2 d及术后6个月随访的后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值和椎管横截面积侵占率的改善情况. 结果所有患者未出现切口感染,无神经损伤及加重.所有患者获得6～24个月(平均14.2个月)随访.后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值及椎管横截面积术后即刻与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后6个月随访时与术后即刻比较差异均尢统计学意义(P>0.05).本组患者无螺钉松动或断裂,植骨融合率100%.结论 经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折手术操作简单,提供了伤椎前中柱支撑和固定,能够有效地恢复并维持伤椎的高度.     

Fluoroscopically-guided indirect posterior reduction and fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures without fusion

This article presents an evaluation of fluoroscopy for indirect, posterior reduction and fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures. A prospective study of 25 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures who underwent C-arm machine-guided posterior indirect reduction and short segment fixation without fusion is described. No laminotomies were performed. All patients had a mean follow-up of 30.4 months. At postoperative review, the average anterior and posterior vertebral heights were corrected from 57.9% to 99.0% and 89.0% to 99.5%, respectively. The Cobb angle was corrected from 18.4° to 0.17°. The canal compromise ratio was improved from 35.2% to 8.6%. In all 25 cases, neurological status was intact at last follow-up. Fluoroscopy guidance is an effective method to accomplish indirect reduction and fixation. Reduction was confirmed on lateral fluoroscopic views by looking for a “one-line sign,” which is the reconstitution of the posterior border of the vertebral body.     

改良后入路环椎管减压治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗方式.方法根据骨折类型不同,采用后入路不同方式的环椎管减压内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折36例.结果36例平均随访26个月,术前后凸成角平均24°,术后平均10°;术前椎管狭窄率平均55%,术后平均10%.33例获得Frankel分级1～3级以上的改善.结论改良后入路环椎管减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有诸多优点,可做为治疗新鲜爆裂骨折的首选术式.     

椎弓根固定结合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨椎弓根固定结合经椎弓根椎体内植骨行椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法采用椎管环形减压、短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定结合经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折116例,其中93例获得随访。术前及术后随访行X线和CT检查,测量伤椎椎体中央高度值,比较植骨后椎体高度的恢复程度,同时观察植骨融合情况。采用配对t检验方法进行统计学分析。结果93例患者术后平均随访24.2个月,90%以上患者伤椎椎体高度恢复并维持良好,无塌陷。伤椎椎体中央高度值犤T12(3.14±0.41)cm,L1(3.33±0.34)cm犦与正常值犤(T12(3.26±0.38)cm,L1(3.47±0.61)cm)犦比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。未出现植骨操作引起的神经血管并发症。CT显示椎体内植骨块边缘模糊,融合良好,植骨块无吸收现象。结论后路椎管环形减压及内固定时,经伤椎椎弓根进行椎体内植骨行椎体成形术可恢复伤椎椎体高度,重建前、中柱的稳定性,预防术后椎体塌陷的发生。     

改进的侧前方手术径路在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的应用

目的 探讨改进的侧前方手术径路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效. 方法 2003年4月至2006年9月利用胸腰段的解剖关系,改进成"L"形肌间隙经椎间孔入路行骨折减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,临床应用16例(改进径路组),并将11例经传统胸腹膜外入路(传统径路组)作为对照组,比较两组住皮肤切口到完全显露椎体出血量、手术时间及总出血量、疗效等方面的差异,并观察术中、术后并发症情况. 结果 27例患者于术均获成功.所有患者获得6～26个月(平均13个月)随访.改进径路组从皮肤切口到完全显露椎体的出血量平均为(80.0±56.5)mL,总出血量平均为(450.0±273.1)mL,手术时间平均为(119.0±35.5)min;传统径路组从皮肤切口到完全显露椎体的出血量平均为(350.0±145.5)mL,总出血量平均为(900.1±421.3)mL,手术时间平均为(193.2±48.3)min,两组上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组在Cobb角改善、伤椎前缘高度比值及神经功能恢复差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组术中均无严重并发症发生,无截瘫加重、植骨块塌陷及高度丢火现象,无假关节肜成和内固定失败. 结论改进的"L"形肌间隙经椎间孔径路行胸腰椎爆裂性骨折侧前方减压入路简捷,出血少.既能充分减压,又能最大限度保持脊柱的稳定性,还可避免加重脊髓损伤、胸腹膜损伤等并发症.     

The effects of pedicle screw adjustments on the anatomical reduction of thoracolumbar burst fractures

The short segmental pedicle screw device is widely used for the decompression of neural elements and reduction of normal anatomy. Many biomechanical studies concerning proper decompression are available. However, no study has determined the optimal device adjustment for reduction of the burst fracture to the normal anatomy. In this study, cadaveric thoracolumbar spine specimens (T11-L3) with L1 burst fractures were studied. A pedicle screw device was attached to the pedicles of the T12 and L2 vertebrae. Spinal postural changes were determined due to a set of eight clinically relevant adjustments of the device. The adjustments were combinations of axial translation (distraction/compression) and extension. The adjustments caused varying changes in spinal posture. The sequence of applying the translation and extension had no effect on the spinal posture changes. The adjustment combining 5 mm distraction with 6 degrees extension brought the burst fracture closest to the intact state, compared to all other adjustments. With this adjustment, on average the spine became 0.9 mm compressed and 2.0 degrees lordotic, compared to the intact. The results of the study show that the device adjustments of axial translation and sagittal angulation can be applied in any sequence, with the same results. The combination of 5 mm distraction with 6 degrees extension was the device adjustment that produced the closest anatomical reduction.     

胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管的自发重建

目的观察胸腰段爆裂骨折后椎管的自发重建过程。方法14例胸腰段爆裂骨折患者经手术方法稳定相邻椎体，对突入椎管内的骨块采用保守疗法。术前及术后l、3、6和12个月定期行爆裂椎体的cT扫描，利用Ushikata360CII＋测量仪测量不同阶段椎管横截面积内骨块的占有率，观察椎管的自然愈合情况。结果所有患者椎管重建发生在伤后12个月内，平均骨块占有率由伤时的47．8％±13．6％降至最后随访时的27．2％±8．1％。椎管容积恢复的比率与伤时突出物的大小成正比，骨块的部位与椎管容积的改善无关，重建不受神经损伤情况的影响。结论胸腰段爆裂骨折后，如果椎体稳定则椎管有一定重塑形的能力，突入椎管内的骨块可采用保守方法治疗。     

Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficits. Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these fractures, and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra, often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PATIENT SAMPLE: Sixteen men with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 women with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst fracture Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a Denis type C, and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these patients had neurological deficits at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local kyphosis over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement. METHODS: From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all patients with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The fracture type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury. RESULTS: At follow-up, 21 former patients reported no or minimal back pain or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former patients (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former patients were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local kyphosis had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor neurological deficits have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折手术入路的选择

目的分析前路、后路和前后联合入路手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效及适应证。方法回顾性分析1998年10月～2003年10月手术治疗的胸腰椎爆裂骨折89例,男76例,女13例;年龄17~51岁,平均36.8岁。骨折节段:T11 10例,T12 21例,L1 29例,L2 18例,L3 11例。骨折Magerl分型:A型68例,C型21例。采用后路手术41例,前路手术40例,前后联合入路8例。采用ASIA标准评定神经功能恢复情况,通过影像学检查比较伤椎和Cobb角的矫正及丢失,评估椎管减压范围、植骨块位置及愈合情况。结果78例随访6~48个月,平均12个月。术前不完全性神经损伤的65例患者神经功能恢复1级或1级以上。后路手术组出现椎弓根钉断裂2例,伤口深部感染1例;术后伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角平均矫正9.4 mm和14.8°,术后6个月分别丢失0.5 mm和7.5°。前路手术组因硬脊膜损伤未修补出现脑脊液漏2例,伤口深部感染2例;前后联合入路未发生并发症。前路和前后联合入路组术后脊柱序列和生理曲度基本恢复正常,椎管腔扩大,植骨块位于椎体前中部;随访时未见明显的矫正度丢失、假关节形成和内固定失败。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折术式的选择取决于脊柱稳定性及神经损伤情况。具体应根据伤椎椎体压缩程度、椎管内骨性占位程度、是否伴有脊柱后柱结构不稳或骨折脱位来决定。     

经皮与开放椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较研究

目的比较经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放切开椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无神经症状胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析60例无神经症状的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折手术患者,其中微创经皮组和开放切开组各30例患者。比较两组围手术期参数、影像学指标、视觉模拟疼痛评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数。结果经皮组与开放切开组在术中出血量、术后引流量、住院日均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,而在手术时间上无明显差异（P〉0．05）,术前、术后及随访影像学观察椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、矢状面指数及椎管堵塞指数等恢复无显著性差异（P〈0．05）;两组疼痛评分在术后和术后3个月内有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,但3个月以后评分无显著性差异。2年随访时两组功能评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗无神经症状胸腰椎骨折的理想微创手术方法,但远期疗效与传统开放手术相近。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根内固定不植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折临床疗效分析

目的:评价经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根内固定不植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2006年1月至2009年1月,采用经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根内固定不植骨法治疗25例胸腰椎骨折患者,其中男15例,女10例;年龄17～49岁,平均39.3岁。Denis分类:屈曲型7例,爆裂型18例,不伴有神经损伤临床表现,影像学提示椎体矢状面角度变化大于20°和(或)椎体前缘塌陷大于40%,无椎间盘损伤的表现。伤后3～7d行手术治疗,平均5d。术后8～12个月取出内固定,分别于术前、术后1周内及术后24个月行影像学测量比较椎体高度及后凸角度,并将术前及最终随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数(OswestrydisabilityIndex,ODI)进行比较分析。结果:所有患者无手术相关并发症,25例均获随访,其中24例最后随访时间为术后24个月,1例为术后30个月。手术时间70～110min,平均90min;出血量120～280ml,平均200ml。椎体高度及后凸角度明显矫正,术后即刻及最终随访时椎体高度及后凸角度与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),内固定取出后最终随访时矫正无明显丢失,与术后即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),最终随访时临床结果良好,Oswestry功能障碍指数为(5.36±1.21)%,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对不伴有神经及椎间盘损伤Denis分型屈曲型或爆裂型胸腰椎骨折,经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根内固定不植骨法具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快及保留脊柱运动节段等优点。     

经后路椎弓根钉内固定加钛网骨移植椎间融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨胸腰椎骨折经后路切除伤椎的可行性及临床效果.方法 2006年4月至2007年6月,经后路椎弓根钉内固定、伤椎切除及钛网骨移植椎问融合术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折27例,男2l例,女6例;年龄22～53岁,平均33.6岁.骨折节段Tu 3例,T12 7例,L1 9例,L2 6例,L3 1例,L1例.采用Frankel分级标准评定神经功能恢复情况.术前神经损伤程度按Frankel分级标准:A级8例,B级13例,C级6例.结果 27例患者术后获3～12个月(平均8.2个月)随访.术后压迫脊髓的骨块完全切除,Cobb角平均3.2°,脊柱恢复牛理曲度.术前19例不完全性神经损伤患者神经功能恢复一级或一级以上;8例完伞性神经损伤患者中,5例无改善,2例神经功能由A级恢复至C级,1例由A级恢复至D级.结论 对于三柱损伤的急性胸腰椎骨折患者,应用经后路椎弓根钉内固定、伤椎切除及钛网骨移植椎间融合术治疗,能彻底切除压迫脊髓的前方骨块,具有骨折复位满意、手术创伤小及并发症少等优点.     

智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折

目的:评价智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月收治的22例单节段胸腰段爆裂型骨折患者,其中男12例,女10例,年龄32~56(42.4±8.6)岁。22例患者术前均采用自行研制的智能化充气复位仪体外复位,然后行经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、脊柱后凸畸形角度(Cobb角)及椎体前缘高度对患者手术前后的临床特征进行评价并观察其临床疗效。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间1~2.5年,平均18个月。22例骨折均获得愈合,未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、移位、断裂及脊柱后凸畸形等并发症。术前、术后1周及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为7.82±0.85,3.09±0.92,1.05±0.72;ODI评分为84.2±11.2,46.3±9.0,12.2±4.3;后凸Cobb角为(16.3±5.4)°,(3.7±2.2)°,(5.5±2.6)°;椎体前缘高度为(59.5±7.8)%,(86.9±6.0)%,(83.5±5.5)%。VAS评分和ODI评分在术前、术后1周及末次随访,两两时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。后凸Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度,术后1周、末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1周和末次随访比较差异无统计学意义。结论:智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术具有复位可靠、创伤小、骨折愈合率高和并发症少等优点,是胸腰段爆裂型骨折较好的治疗方案,值得临床推广应用。     

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and kyphoplasty for management of thoracolumbar burst fractures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome and potential advantages of a percutaneous posterior approach to burst fractures of the thoraco-lumbar junction without neurological complications by means of a technique combining balloon kyphoplasty and percutaneous pedicule screw fixation. METHODS: In this preliminary study patients who suffered traumatic of the thoraco-lumbar junction presented a Magerl type A3 fracture. The mean age of the patients was 64 years (54-78 years). All had a normal neurological examination. A combined technique using balloon kyphoplasty, that allows restoration of the vertebral height and fixation by means of cement injection with percutaneous osteosynthesis was performed as a minimal invasive alternative treatment. Mean follow-up (plain radiograph and CT scan, pain assessment) was 12 months (range 5-14 months). RESULTS: All patients experienced an early pain relief, successfully mobilized on day 1 after surgery and discharged after a mean stay of 4.5 days. Immediately postoperatively the mean vertebral height restoration was 11.5% and the reduction of the kyphotic angle was 9 degrees. Those results were maintained over the complete follow-up period. Only one patient required analgesic treatment with weak opioids (step II of the WHO pain ladder) 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of burst fractures of the thoraco-lumbar junction with no neurological complication by associating minimally invasive techniques results in good fracture reduction and stabilisation. The main advantage of this approach is to shorten the hospital stay.     

椎弓根螺钉短节段固定联合椎体成形术治疗单节段胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折

【摘要】 目的：探讨椎弓根螺钉短节段固定联合椎体成形术治疗单节段胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年1月～2012年3月收治的86例单节段胸腰段爆裂椎体骨折患者的临床资料,对其中32例合并骨质疏松症的患者进行随访分析。男14例,女18例;年龄56～78岁,平均64.5岁;跌倒伤14例,车祸伤9例,高处坠落伤5例,重物砸伤4例;骨折节段：T11 3例;T12 10例;L1 15例;L2 4例。手术时均在骨折上下椎置入椎弓根螺钉,安装连接棒,通过体位结合撑开实现骨折椎体复位,然后在伤椎注入骨水泥。应用VAS及SF-36量表评估患者疼痛及生活质量改变情况,通过X线片测量计算伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复、受伤节段后凸矫正及丢失情况,随访观察治疗效果。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无明显并发症。随访12～36个月,平均16.5个月。术后VAS评分（2.43±1.81分）及末次随访时VAS评分（2.17±1.81分）与术前（7.67±2.25分）比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;末次随访SF-36评分（123.5±22.3分）与术前（95.7±17.5分）比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术前Cobb角为22.3°±3.6°,术后Cobb角矫正至5.2°±1.2°,末次随访时为6.0°±2.3°,丢失0.8°±1.5°;术前椎体高度（56.4±5.8）%,术后椎体高度恢复至（95.3±2.9）%,末次随访时为（91.4±3.7）%,丢失（4.0±2.5）%。3例出现椎旁静脉骨水泥栓塞,无明显症状,无内固定断裂。结论：后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎体成形术能够有效恢复并维持伤椎高度,减少后凸畸形矫正丢失及内固定失败的发生,具有良好的疗效。