河南省健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平分析

目的了解河南省健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平,为制定DPT免疫策略提供依据。方法2011-2012年度分4个年龄组在河南省5个县（区）抽取健康人共717名,采用间接ELISA法检测血清中百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平。结果在检测的717名健康人中,百日咳IgG抗体平均阳性率为40.59％,白喉恒G抗体阳性率较高,达到82.29％,破伤风恒G抗体阳性率为7575％。结论白喉和破伤风抗体水平较高,而百日咳抗体水平过低,提示河南省存在百日咳流行隐患,要重视百日咳疫苗接种工作,扩大接种覆盖率。     

深圳市宝安区健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平监测

目的 了解宝安区健康人群破伤风、白喉、百日咳三种疫苗血清抗体水平,评价三种疫苗的免疫实施效果.方法 2011年随机抽取宝安区7个街道不同年龄段人群,采用试管凝集试验检测血清抗体水平.结果 破伤风、白喉、百日咳抗体保护率分别为98.33％,98.06％,98.33％,各年龄组人群均达到90％以上;几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为1∶80.63、1∶80.48、1∶1 409.35,均以21～32岁组最低;三种抗体保护率和GMT有随年龄增大而明显降低的趋势.结论 宝安区人群破伤风、白喉、百日咳免疫水平都较高,免疫屏障已经形成,短期内暴发流行百日咳、白喉、破伤风的可能性不大.     

甘肃省2004年健康儿童白喉、百日咳和破伤风抗体水平结果分析

目的 了解甘肃省健康儿童白喉、百日咳和破伤风抗体水平。方法 采用间接血球凝集试验法、微量凝集试验法对3个县的302名l～14岁健康儿童进行了白喉、百日咳和破伤风抗体水平监测。结果 在监测的5个年龄组中，白喉、破伤风抗毒素抗体阳性率均〉95％，百日咳抗体阳性率为98．58％，保护率仅为62．06％，保护率除7～8岁组〉75％外，其余年龄组均〈75％。结论 我们要重视加强免疫工作。     

河北省辛集市未成年人百日咳、白喉和破伤风IgG抗体水平定量调查分析

目的了解辛集市未成年人体内血清百白破、白喉和破伤风IgG抗体水平,评价疫苗预防接种免疫效果,为免疫接种提供依据。方法将辛集市0~18岁组未成年人共计528人,分为5个年龄组,对所有血清样本进行血清百日咳IgG抗体、白喉IgG抗体、破伤风IgG抗体浓度定量检测。结果辛集市未成年人血清样本中百日咳IgG抗体阳性保护率为59.66%,未达到国家免疫标准水平;不同年龄组阳性保护率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=49.087,P0.05)。白喉、破伤风IgG抗体保护率分别为86.55%、87.12%,达到国家要求整体免疫水平,但平均浓度水平较低,并有随年龄增长而波动下降趋势;不同年龄组白喉、破伤风IgG抗体阳性保护率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=28.431、19.367,P0.05)。结论辛集市未成年人白喉、破伤风免疫率较高,已形成免疫屏障。应加强百日咳疫苗接种,提高其阳性保护率;对白喉破伤风抗体浓度水平较低的未成年人进行免疫接种,以提高有效保护抗体浓度。     

2003～2006年临沂市正常人群百白破免疫水平检测分析

目的了解临沂市正常人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风（以下简称百白破）免疫水平，评价临沂市的百白破免疫效果，制定有效免疫规划。方法根据临沂市区域划分特点，选取兰山、郯城、沂水、莒南、平邑、蒙阴6个县区作为采血点，按照卫生部《计划免疫技术管理规程》进行测定。结果白喉抗体阳性率6个县区均在90％以上，抗体阳性率在6个县区差异无统计学意义，GMT均明显高于保护水平；百日咳抗体阳性率在6个县区差异无统计学意义，百日咳免疫GMT〈1：320，低于保护水平，保护率仅为20．26％；破伤风抗体水平检测结果表明，6地之间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义，破伤风抗体GMT均明显高于保护水平。结论白喉、破伤风抗体保护率均已达到可控制发病水平。百日咳免疫效果不甚理想。     

新绛县1997年健康人群百日咳白喉破伤风免疫水平调查分析

本文对新绛县部分健康人群进行了百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫水平调查分析,结果:三种抗体水平均以2—4岁为高,抗体水平随年龄增长而降低。其中破伤风免疫效果最好,其次为白喉、百日咳。育龄期妇女抗体保护率为32.08％。今后应按免疫程序及时完成基础免疫和加强免疫,并对育龄期妇女进行破类免疫,以提高人群免疫水平,控制传染病流行。     

2021年深圳市南山区287名大学新生百日咳和白喉及破伤风抗体水平调查

目的 了解深圳市南山区大学新生百日咳、白喉、破伤风IgG抗体水平。方法 于2021年9月,以深圳市南山区287名大学新生作为调查对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清中百日咳、白喉、破伤风IgG抗体水平,比较不同特征大学新生各抗体水平差异。结果 大学新生百日咳的抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）和阳性率分别为14.642(13.073～16.399)IU/mL、20.56%(59名)。大学新生白喉的抗体GMC、阳性率和保护率分别为0.098(0.086～0.111)IU/mL、98.95%(284名)、46.69%(134名)。大学新生破伤风的抗体GMC、阳性率和保护率分别为0.121(0.106～0.139)IU/mL、100.00%(287名)、54.70%(157名)。不同分组大学新生的百白破抗体浓度差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 深圳市南山区大学新生人群百日咳抗体阳性率较高,提示近期百日咳感染比例较高,需加强对此群体的百日咳的监测;白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率较高,而保护率较低,可能需要进一步的疫苗接种政策。     

海西州2010年-2012年健康人群抗体水平监测分析

目的：通过开展疫苗针对的免疫抗体水平监测,了解我州健康人群免疫抗体水平情况,为今后加强计划免疫工作和疾病控制提供科学依据。方法：2010年-2012年分别对鸟兰县、天峻县和茫崖行委的两个乡镇五个年龄组的450名调查对象采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）进行麻疹IgG抗体、百日咳、白喉和破伤风抗体检测。结果：通过对检测结果的分析,麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为88．7％（399／450）;百日咳抗体阳性率为92．4％（416／450）;白喉抗体阳性率为89．8％（404／450）;破伤风抗体阳性率为89．1％（401／450）。结论：通过对监测数据的分析,我州儿童麻疹、百日咳、白喉、破伤风的抗体阳性率较高。当地通过加强相关疾病疫苗的接种,有效防止疾病的发生,近期内当地不会发生相关疾病的暴发和流行。     

银川市健康人群白喉、破伤风、百日咳抗体水平监测分析

在1990、1998两年中、对380名健康人群进行白喉、破伤风、百日咳抗体水平检测，结果表明，白喉和破伤风均处于较高免疫水平，几何平均滴度（GMT）为0.063IU/ml和0.070IU/ml，保护率依次是73.54%、76.68%，而百日咳则外于较低的免疫水平（GMT=169.73)，保护率为37.67%。     

2010年江阴市健康人群百白破免疫水平监测分析

目的了解江阴市健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫水平,及时为免疫策略提供科学依据。方法随机抽取部分0岁、1～岁、3～岁、5～岁、7～岁、15～岁、≥20岁年龄组健康人群进行百日咳、白喉和破伤风免疫水平监测。结果白喉、破伤风阳性率均在90%以上,抗体GMT均高于保护水平,百日咳阳性率和保护率分别为56.19%、3.61%,GMT<1∶320。结论江阴市人群对白喉和破伤风已形成较好的免疫屏障,但人群百日咳抗体水平偏低,应大力推广新型疫苗,并加强监测。     

15岁以下免疫儿童抗体水平调查

目的　了解 15岁以下儿童人群计划免疫针对疾病的抗体水平 ,为制定免疫策略和防治措施提供科学的依据。　方法　在城区和农村共调查 2 0 2人 ,采用卫生部 1998年颁布的《计划免疫技术管理规程》中的检测方法及判定标准进行监测。　结果　白喉抗体保护率为 73 80 % ,破伤风抗体保护率 63 2 4% ;百日咳、麻疹和乙肝表面抗体保护率分别为 91 3 3 %、87 70 %和 87 5 0 %。同时显示城区和农村儿童对以上 5种疾病抗体阳性差异皆无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　鉴于白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率水平均低于《计划免疫技术管理规程》中的指标要求 ,建议采用白破联合疫苗开展加强免疫     

银川市0~7岁流动儿童8种传染病血清抗体水平监测分析

目的：了解银川市0~7岁流动儿童的免疫水平,评价疫苗免疫效果,为制定银川市免疫规划策略和措施提供科学依据。方法于2013年采用分层随机抽样调查方法对银川市195名0~6岁儿童进行HBsAg、HbsAb、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、白喉、百日咳、破伤风、风疹及腮腺炎IgG抗体8种血清抗体水平检测,并进行统计学分析。结果195名儿童中,HbsAg和HbsAb阳性率分别为0和69.7%,8种血清抗体阳性率最高为脊髓灰质炎,占97.4%,最低为百日咳,占15.4%;不同地区间,0~7岁儿童白喉和破伤风抗体阳性率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄组间0~7岁儿童HbsAb、风疹和麻疹抗体阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别间0~7岁流动儿童8种血清学抗体阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同民族间0~6岁流动儿童麻疹和腮腺炎抗体阳性率回族高于汉族,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论银川市0~7岁流动儿童免疫状况良好,但部分种类疫苗抗体水平较低,存在薄弱地区与人群,应加强重点地区、重点疫苗种类及重点年龄段儿童的预防接种技术规范化管理,并根据监测结果,必要时开展强化免疫。     

Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus serosurvey in Saudi children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immune protection against vaccine-preventable diseases targeted by the Expanded Program of Immunization in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study was carried out from September 2001 to February 2002. Using multistage sampling techniques, samples were collected from 5 regions of Saudi Arabia and sent for laboratory assay from the following age groups; 50 samples at 12 months, 50 at 6 years, and 100 at 17 years. Sera were assayed for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Sero neutralization was used for anti-diphtheria antibody assay, while enzyme linked immunoassay was used for anti-tetanus, anti-filament hemoagglutination (anti-FHA), and anti-pertussis titer (anti-PT) antibody assay. RESULTS: This survey showed that 100% of children had protection levels (>/=0.01 IU/ml) against diphtheria at one year, 100% at 6 years, and 93.7% at 17 years. For tetanus, 95.9% had protection levels (>/=0.1 IU/ml) at one year, 100% at 6 years, and 98.9% at 17 years. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-FHA is 22 at one year, 29 at 6 years, and 24 IU/ml at 17 years, while the GMT of anti-PT is 36 at one year, 18 at 6 years, and 11 IU/ml at 17 years. CONCLUSION: Children at one, 6, and 17 years are well protected against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.     

Role of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in severe local reactions to the preschool (fifth) dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the contribution of whole-cell pertussis vaccine to severe local reactions after the preschool (fifth) dose of adsorbed diphtheria toxoid-pertussis vaccine-tetanus toxoid (DPT) vaccine. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Urban community. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 200 healthy children 4 to 6 years old who were eligible for the fifth dose of DPT vaccine. INTERVENTIONS: Children received, in both arms, either diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid (DT) and monovalent pertussis vaccines (group A, 99 children) or DPT and meningococcal vaccines (group B, 101 children). All were licensed products from single lots. The children were assessed 24 hours later by a trained observer. Serum samples obtained before vaccination were tested for antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria toxins and five pertussis antigens by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of severe local reactions (an area of redness or swelling or both of 50 mm or greater) 24 hours after vaccination. Relation between serum antibody levels before vaccination and rates of severe local reactions to corresponding vaccines. RESULTS: All of the subjects were followed up 24 hours after vaccination. Severe redness was present in 38% given DPT vaccine, 29% given intramuscular pertussis vaccine and 9% given DT vaccine (p < or = 0.002, three-way comparison). Severe swelling was common after vaccination with all three products. After intramuscular pertussis vaccination a relation was evident between the prevaccination levels of antibody to whole-cell pertussis bacteria and the rates of redness (p < 0.02) but not between the prevaccination subcellular antibody levels and the rates of redness. CONCLUSION: That pertussis vaccine resembled the DPT vaccine in causing severe redness suggests that it is the principal cause of such reactions after DPT vaccination. The DT vaccine was also reactogenic; thus, cumulative sensitization to one or more of its constituents may be a factor.     

Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey

OBJECTIVE: To determine immunity to tetanus and diphtheria in the Australian population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis, using double antigen enzyme immunoassays, of a representative sample of sera (1950 samples tested for diphtheria and 2884 for tetanus) collected opportunistically from Australian laboratories between July 1996 and May 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, defined as negative (susceptible) when the antitoxin level was < 0.01 IU/mL, positive (immune) when it was > or = 0.1 IU/mL, and low positive (partially immune) when it was in the range 0.01-< 0.1 IU/mL. RESULTS: About 99% of children aged 5-9 years had diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels > or = 0.01 IU/mL (immune or partially immune). Antitoxin levels declined with age and generally more markedly for diphtheria than tetanus. For subjects aged 50 years and over, less than 60% were immune or partially immune to diphtheria and less than 75% to tetanus. Men and women had similar diphtheria antitoxin levels, while women had lower levels of tetanus antitoxin compared with men of the same age, with the difference being most marked in the age group > or = 70 years (37% v 60%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Immunity in children appears to be good, but adults, especially older people, may not be adequately protected. Recent changes to the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule should improve immunity in cohorts now aged < 50 years. However, additional efforts are required to protect those over 50 years (especially travellers), who are most susceptible.     

Tetanus and diphtheria immunity in urban Minnesota adults.

Tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin levels were measured in 183 urban adults, using a hemagglutination technique. Protective levels (greater than 0.01 unit/mL) of tetanus antitoxin were present in more than 85% of sera from all subjects under 40 years of age and from men between 40 and 59 years old. A minority of women (36%) between 40 and 59 years of age, and of men (41%) and women (29%) over 60 years of age, were protected. Less than one quarter of the study group had protective levels (greater than 0.01 unit/mL) of diphtheria antitoxin. The results of the study suggest that a minority of middle-aged women and older adults have been appropriately immunized against diphtheria and tetanus.     

4种评价方法对广东省常规免疫报告接种率可靠性的评价分析

目的了解广东省常规免疫数据报告质量,为指导今后常规免疫接种率监测工作和制定策略提供科学依据。方法收集广东省2010-2012年儿童卡介苗(BCG)、乙肝疫苗(HepB)、脊灰疫苗(PV)、百白破疫苗(DPT)、含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)、乙脑疫苗(JE)、A群流脑疫苗(MenA)和甲肝疫苗(HepA)常规免疫接种数据,采用D值法、R值法、脱漏率以及与疫苗用量比较法对报告接种率的可靠性进行评价。结果 2010-2012年广东省8种免疫规划疫苗报告接种率在91.31%~99.71%之间,估算接种率在39.38%~106.18%之间。各年HepB、PV、DPT、MCV的D值评价均为可信,HepA的D值评价均为不可信,JE的D值评价均为可疑,2011、2012年BCG和MenA的D值评价均为可疑。HepB、PV和JE的R值评价均为可信,HepA的R值评价均为不可信,2011、2012年BCG和MenA的R值评价为可疑。各年流动儿童HepB和MenA的脱漏率,以及2010年本地儿童MenA的脱漏率均超过10%。DPT和JE的估算损耗系数与参考损耗系数较为接近,而HepA的估算损耗系数与参考损耗系数有较大差别。结论广东省常规免疫报告接种数据存在漏报和虚报情况,报告接种率不能真实反映实际接种情况,数据报告质量有待提高。     

广东省2007年部分地区儿童麻疹免疫水平监测结果分析

目的了解广东地区儿童麻疹免疫水平,客观评价人群麻疹免疫状况,为调整策略并改进工作提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样法抽取南海、盐田、饶平、乳源、德庆、遂溪6个县4个年龄组1376名儿童,对其麻疹抗体水平进行检测。结果6个地区麻疹IgG抗体总阳性率为96．9％,麻疹IgG抗体总保护率为80．2％,总抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）为1515mIU／ml;不同地区儿童麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）均有显著性差异;年龄别儿童麻疹抗体阳性率差异无显著性,但麻疹保护率和抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）存在显著性差异;外地与本地儿童麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率和抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）均显示无显著性差异。结论结果显示调查地区抗体总阳性率维持高水平,但珠江三角洲经济发达地区常规免疫工作质量要好于非珠江三角洲经济欠发达地区;麻疹复种工作可有效减少免疫空白儿童,维持人群麻疹高免疫水平;居住时间较长的流动儿童可以获得高的麻疹免疫水平,结合麻疹发病情况,需重点关注居住时间较短的流动儿童免疫状况。