枇杷叶的化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

枇杷叶系蔷薇科枇杷属植物枇杷Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.的干燥叶,是一味常用中药,收载于历版《中国药典》供临床使用。枇杷叶归肺、胃经,具清肺止咳、降逆止呕作用,用于治疗肺热咳嗽、气逆喘气、胃热呕逆、烦热口渴[1]。目前已经从枇杷叶中分离出三萜酸[2~5]、黄酮类[6,7]、多酚[8]、倍半萜及其苷类[5,9,10]等成分,其药效主要集中在三萜酸的抗炎[2]、降血糖[4]和抗病毒[5]活性方面。日前日本科学家发现其新三萜皂苷具有抗癌活性。为进一步寻找与其药理活性相吻合的有效成分,探求有意义的活性成分,更好地开发利用这一药材资源,笔…     

薄层扫描法测定枇杷叶中熊果酸

枇杷叶为常用中药材,是蔷薇科植物枇杷E ri-obotrya japon ica(Thunb.)L ind l.的干燥叶。枇杷叶入药始载于《名医别录》,列为中品。枇杷叶归肺、胃经,具清肺、止咳、降逆止呕作用,用于治疗肺热咳嗽、气逆喘急、胃热呕逆、烦热口渴之症状。其有效成分有挥发油、三萜化合物、皂苷和有机酸[1]。其中所含三萜化合物中的熊果酸现代药理研究表明具有镇静、抗炎和增强机体免疫等作用,而且极有可能成为有效的新型抗癌药物[2]。目前国内对枇杷叶中熊果酸的测定尚未见具体报道,本实验采用薄层扫描法测定其熊果酸的质量分数,方法简单、快速、重现性…     

龙胆苦苷抗炎药理作用研究

目的 研究秦艽所含龙胆苦苷的抗炎作用。方法 分别用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加及小鼠扭体反应，酵母多糖A、角叉菜胶、制霉菌素致大鼠或小鼠足跖肿胀模型，ig给药，观察龙胆苦苷的抗炎作用。结果 龙胆苦苷能减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀、冰醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、角叉菜胶、酵母多糖A所致大鼠足跖肿胀，但对制霉菌素所致的炎症模型无明显作用。结论 秦艽所含龙胆苦苷具有一定的抗炎作用，其机制涉及对多种炎症介质的抑制。抗炎作用能部分代表秦艽生药的传统功效。     

枇杷叶不同组分提取物在多种疾病中的作用及机制研究（英文）

目的提取枇杷叶中的多糖、黄酮和三萜酸,并分别研究其在抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤中的药理活性。方法通过水提醇沉法提取多糖,醇沉上清液用于黄酮的富集,水提的残渣经90%乙醇回流提取三萜酸。通过Western blot检测枇杷叶多糖对TGF-β1干预的小鼠系膜细胞中PAI-1表达的影响,观察枇杷叶中的黄酮成分对ABTS自由基的清除作用评价其抗氧化活性;MTT法检测枇杷叶中三萜酸对骨髓瘤细胞ARP1增殖的影响,并通过ARP1细胞小鼠异种移植模型观察三萜酸对皮下肿瘤生长的影响。结果枇杷叶中多糖、黄酮、三萜酸的含量分别为19.53、48.70、7.86 g/kg。枇杷叶多糖可以抑制PAI-1表达,黄酮浓度在75～150μg/mL对ABTS自由基具有良好的清除作用,三萜酸可以抑制骨髓瘤细胞ARP1的增殖,IC_(50)为11.57μg/mL。此外,三萜酸对异种移植小鼠皮下肿瘤的生长具有一定的抑制作用。结论枇杷叶中多糖可能对肾炎具有一定的治疗作用,黄酮和三萜酸具有一定的抗氧化和抗肿瘤的作用。为枇杷叶的进一步开发利用提供有利的实验基础。     

枇杷叶不同组分提取物在多种疾病中的作用及机制研究

目的 提取枇杷叶中的多糖、黄酮和三萜酸,并分别研究其在抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤中的药理活性。方法 通过水提醇沉法提取多糖,醇沉上清液用于黄酮的富集,水提的残渣经90%乙醇回流提取三萜酸。通过Western blot检测枇杷叶多糖对TGF-β1干预的小鼠系膜细胞中PAI-1表达的影响,观察枇杷叶中的黄酮成分对ABTS自由基的清除作用评价其抗氧化活性;MTT法检测枇杷叶中三萜酸对骨髓瘤细胞ARP1增殖的影响,并通过ARP1细胞小鼠异种移植模型观察三萜酸对皮下肿瘤生长的影响。结果 枇杷叶中多糖、黄酮、三萜酸的含量分别为19.53、48.70、7.86 g/kg。枇杷叶多糖可以抑制PAI-1表达,黄酮浓度在75~150 μg/mL对ABTS自由基具有良好的清除作用,三萜酸可以抑制骨髓瘤细胞ARP1的增殖,IC₅₀为11.57 μg/mL。此外,三萜酸对异种移植小鼠皮下肿瘤的生长具有一定的抑制作用。结论 枇杷叶中多糖可能对肾炎具有一定的治疗作用,黄酮和三萜酸具有一定的抗氧化和抗肿瘤的作用。为枇杷叶的进一步开发利用提供有利的实验基础。      

乌蕨总黄酮及水提液的药理试验

为观察乌蕨有效部位总黄酮与乌蕨水提液的保肝、抗炎、止血作用，采用CCl4致中毒性小鼠肝损伤法、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法及小鼠断尾出血法，观察乌蕨总黄酮及其水提液对小鼠血清ALT活性、耳肿胀度及出血时间的影响。结果显示乌蕨总黄酮可降低CCl4性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT的活性，减轻二甲苯致小鼠的耳肿胀，缩短小鼠的出血时间，其水提液能减轻二甲苯致小鼠的耳肿胀，缩短小鼠的出血时间，对小鼠血清ALT的活性无明显影响。说明乌蕨具有保肝、抗炎、止血作用，其水提液中具有消炎、止血的成分。     

莞香叶芒果总苷的制备及其抗炎镇痛药效学研究

目的从莞香叶中分离得到芒果总苷,并研究该部位抗炎镇痛药效学作用,为莞香资源的药效开发利用提供实验依据。方法通过一系列分离纯化手段,得到莞香叶芒果总苷部位。通过醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性模型与二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型,评价莞香叶芒果总苷的抗炎药效学作用,通过小鼠热板模型与醋酸致小鼠疼痛模型,评价莞香叶芒果总苷的镇痛药效学作用。结果与空白对照组比较,莞香叶芒果总苷高、中剂量给药能够显著抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性,并能够显著提高小鼠热板法痛阈百分率（P〈0．05）;莞香叶芒果总苷各剂量组均可显著降低二甲苯致炎小鼠的耳肿胀度以及显著减少小鼠20min内扭体次数（P〈0．05）。结论莞香叶芒果总苷对于上述4种动物模型均具有显著的药理作用,证明莞香叶芒果总苷具有显著的抗炎镇痛药效。     

复方止咳颗粒剂的镇咳、祛痰和抗炎作用

复方止咳颗粒剂由黄芪、天花粉、半枝莲、葛根、辛夷花、鹅不食草,桔梗,芦荟、甘草等中药组成。动物实验结果表明,该颗粒剂（相当生药量３．６ｇ／ｋｇ）有明显镇咳、祛痰作用,表现在使小鼠咳嗽潜伏期延长,咳嗽次数减少,促进家兔支气管分泌酚红。另外,复方止咳颗粒剂还具有抗炎作用,表现在对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用,以及对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀有明显的抑制作用,说明其有明显的镇咳、祛痰和抗炎作用。     

破茎松萝不同用法的止咳祛痰抗炎作用比较研究

目的研究破茎松萝水煎液、水浸液对实验性小鼠止咳、祛痰、抗炎的药理作用，并分析比较作用强度。方法制备破茎松萝水煎液、水浸液。止咳实验采用浓氨水引咳法，祛痰实验采用气管酚红排泌法。抗炎实验采用二甲苯致耳肿胀和琼脂致肉芽肿法。实验小鼠分生理盐水组，破茎松萝水煎液高、中、低剂量组，破茎松萝水浸液高、中、低剂量组，阳性药物对照组。结果3个不同剂量的破茎松萝水煎液、水浸液均能显著减少氨水所致小鼠咳嗽次数（P〈0．01），延长咳嗽潜伏期（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；高、中剂量破茎松萝水煎液、水浸液能显著增加气管内酚红排泌量（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），抑制二甲苯致耳肿胀和琼脂致肉芽肿（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论破茎松萝有较强的止咳、祛痰、抗炎作用。与水煎、水浸不同用法无明显关系，祛痰、抗炎作用与剂量有关。     

大叶铁线莲提取物抗炎作用实验研究

目的:探讨大叶铁线莲粗提物的抗炎作用。方法:分别采用蛋清诱导大鼠足跖肿胀法、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法研究大叶铁线莲提取物的抗炎作用。结果:大叶铁线莲提取物对大鼠足跖肿胀具有明显的抑制作用(醇提物P0.01,水提物P0.05),显著减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀程度(P0.05)。结论:大叶铁线莲水提物、醇提物具有明显的抗炎作用。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.