超临界CO2流体萃取肿节风中有效成份的工艺研究

目的:考察超临界CO2流体萃取肿节风有效成份的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计,以异秦皮啶含量为考察指标,对影响超临界CO2流体萃取因素进行研究。结果:最佳萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度35℃、分离压力5 MPa、分离温度45℃。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取技术可用于肿节风有效成分提取。     

超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的工艺研究

目的探讨超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳工艺。方法采用正交试验,以萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力及夹带剂浓度为考察因素,以萃取率为指标,确定超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳条件。结果超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳条件为萃取温度45℃,萃取时间1.5h,萃取压力25 MPa,乙醇浓度900 ml/L。结论白花丹参在此试验条件下,可得到较高的脂溶性成分,为深入研究白花丹参的药用价值创造条件。     

牛蒡根挥发油超临界CO_2萃取的工艺研究

目的:对超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油的工艺条件进行研究。方法:通过单因素试验研究萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对萃取率的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化工艺条件。结果:最佳萃取条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间1.5 h,在此条件下,超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油的萃取率为2.92%。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取牛蒡根挥发油具有较高的萃取率,最佳条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间1.5 h,且萃取温度对萃取率有显著影响。     

超临界CO2流体萃取滇红茶及其提取物成分分析

目的考察超临界二氧化碳提取滇红茶香气成分的最佳工艺,并对提取物成分进行分析。方法采用单因素试验考察夹带剂、茶叶粒度、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度对提取率的影响,再通过正交试验优化工艺条件;用GC-MS方法进行化学成分分析。结果最佳工艺条件为：夹带剂250mL无水乙醇、茶叶粒度20目、提取时间0.5h、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度45℃,萃取率为0.46％,提取物经GC/MS检测到近50种成分。结论超临界CO2流体萃取技术可用于滇红茶有效成分的提取。     

超临界萃取海南血竭总黄酮研究

目的：用正交试验优化超临界CO2流体萃取海南血竭总黄酮的工艺条件。方法：以萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间为考察因素,用血竭总黄酮含量为衡量指标考察海南龙血竭的萃取工艺。结果：优选出较佳工艺条件为：萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间60min。结论：优选出了超临界CO2流体萃取海南血竭总黄酮的较佳工艺条件,为进一步开发提供了参考依据。     

超临界CO2萃取三七脂溶性成分的工艺研究

目的:研究超临界CO2萃取三七脂溶性成分的萃取工艺。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,采用均匀设计方法考察萃取压力、萃取温度、分离压力、分离温度对萃取收率的影响。结果:较佳萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度48℃,分离釜Ⅰ压力8 MPa、分离温度30℃,分离釜Ⅱ压力5 MPa、分离温度30℃,萃取时间2.0 h,CO2流量35 L/h,三七颗粒度60目。结论:用超临界CO2萃取三七,可以较好的获得其脂溶性成分,提取物可以供进一步深入研究。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取杨梅核仁油的工艺研究

目的：以杨梅核为原料,研究超临界CO2萃取杨梅核仁油的工艺条件。方法：采用正交试验,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、分离温度、萃取时间4因素对杨梅核超临界CO2萃取物得率的影响。结果：超临界CO2萃取杨梅核仁油影响因素次序为萃取时间〉萃取温度〉分离温度〉萃取压力。结论：最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取温度45℃,分离温度55℃,萃取压力350 Bar（1 Bar=100 kPa）,萃取时间3.5 h。此条件下杨梅核仁油得率为17.60%。     

SCFE-CO2法提取决明子中蒽醌类成分的工艺研究

目的确定CO2-超临界流体提取决明子中蒽醌类成分的最佳工艺。方法采用正交试验法,单因素考察法,优选CO2-超临界流体最佳提取条件,确定最佳提取工艺。结果 CO2-超临界流体最佳提取条件为：萃取温度60℃,萃取压力20MPa,萃取时间2h,加75%乙醇为夹带剂。结论本实验优选出的提取工艺合理,CO2-超临界流体萃取法可以用于决明子中蒽醌类成分的提取。     

超临界萃取酸枣仁油及其成分研究

目的：确定酸枣仁油的超临界流体萃取工艺及其脂肪酸成分组成。方法：通过正交试验确定酸枣仁油超临界萃取的最佳工艺,采用GC-MS-DS对萃取所得油加以分析。结果：最佳工艺条件为A3B1C2D2E2F3,即萃取压力30Mpa,萃取温度35℃,分离压力12Mpa,分离温度45℃,分离压力6Mpa,分离温度50℃。油中含有10-十八烷烯酸、十八烷酸、十六烷酸、9,12-十八碳二烯酸等多种脂肪酸成分。结论：本工艺萃取酸枣仁油,具有收率高、组分多、提取温度低、时间短、对油中成分破坏少,稳定性好等特点。     

干姜超临界CO_2流体萃取工艺研究

目的优选超临界CO2流体萃取干姜的最佳工艺。方法采用均匀设计法,以干姜油提取率为指标,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、解析压力、解析温度4个因素对萃取效果的影响。结果优选出最佳工艺为萃取压力31 MPa,萃取温度50℃,解析压力4.6 MPa,解析温度41.7℃。结论所得最佳萃取工艺条件稳定可行,可用于工业化生产。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.