仰卧支点加压位X线片预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者矫形效果的价值

目的研究运用仰卧支点加压位X片评价青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）脊柱柔韧性和预测矫形效果的价值。方法AIS患者65例,根据站立位X线片Cobb角角度分为中度侧凸组和重度侧凸组。术前均拍摄脊柱全长站立位正位X线片、仰卧位左右侧屈位X线片、悬吊正位X线片、支点弯曲位X线片、仰卧位支点加压位X线片及术后站立位正位X线片。所有病例均采用TSRH内固定系统。测量每位患者各种体位X线片Cobb角角度。结果在两组中支点加压位X线片Cobb角大小与术前其他体位X线片Cobb角大小差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在中度侧凸组中支点加压位X线片与术后站立位X线片Cobb角大小相比差异无统计学意义,（P〉0．05）,并呈正相关（r=0．799）,预测的矫正率与术后矫正率比较差异也无统计学意义,（P〉0．05）。柔软性侧凸组中支点加压位发X线片与术后站立位X线片Cobb角大小相比较差异无统计学意义,（P〉0．05）,并呈正相关（r=0．682）。结论仰卧位支点加压位X线片能较为准确的评价AIS患者脊柱的柔韧性,预测柔软性侧凸患者术后的矫正率,并为手术方案的选择提供重要的参考依据。     

Fulcrum像评价青少年特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性和预测矫形的意义

[目的]前瞻性研究术前支点弯曲(fulcrum)像评价青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)柔韧性和预测手术矫形效果的价值.[方法]根据入选和排除标准选择2003年10月～2006年8月的AIS患者64例,病例均为单弯(PUMC Ⅰa/Ⅰb/Ⅰc型),根据术前站立正位X像Cobb's角大小分为4组中度胸弯组(20例,40°＜Cobb's≤60°)、重度胸弯组(15例,Cobb's＞60°)、中度腰弯组(17例,35°＜Cobb's≤60°)和重度腰弯组(8例,Cobb's＞60°).各组按PUMC原则接受相同手术方法,均采用第3代节段性内固定系统.测量术前站立全脊柱正位像、fulcrum像及术后正位像的Cobb's角,分析fulcrum像和术后正位像Cobb's角的相关性并计算出fulcrum像侧凸柔韧性和术后侧凸矫正率,所得结果进行统计学分析.[结果]除中度胸弯组fulcrum像柔韧性和手术矫正率相比无显著差异(P=0.141)外,其余组均差异显著;中度胸弯组术后正位像和fulcrum像的Cobb's角相比无显著差异(P=0.094),其余组均差异显著;术后正位像和fulcrum像的Cobb's角呈正相关,但中度腰弯组相关性一般(r=0.525).[结论]Fulcrum只能评价和预测中度胸弯的柔韧性和术后矫正率,现代内固定器械发展尤其是全椎弓根螺钉的应用可获得更好的侧凸矫正率.     

支点弯曲位X线片预测脊柱侧凸三维矫形效果的价值

目的:评价支点弯曲位X线片在预测特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱矫形融合术效果的价值。方法:对37例特发性脊柱侧凸患者的43个结构性弯曲行术前站立位﹑仰卧侧屈位和支点弯曲位X线摄片,并与术后一周的站立位X线片比较。测量所有Cobb角并进行统计学评价。结果:胸弯组和腰弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为43°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为38°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为37°和19°。前路手术组和后路手术组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为47°和13°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为42°和9°,术后Cobb角分别为41°和9°。严重侧弯组和中度侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为52°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为49°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为45°和20°。僵硬侧弯组和柔软侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为51°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为48°和17°,术后Cobb角分别为43°和19°。结论:支点弯曲位X线片比传统摄片能更好地评估特发性脊柱侧凸患者在脊柱矫形融合术中所获得的矫正效果,但对严重或较僵硬的侧凸矫形效果预测较差。     

特发性脊柱侧凸上胸弯的鉴别及其意义

特发性脊柱侧凸（idiopathic scoliosis,IS）是一种原因不明的脊柱三维畸形,可造成患者躯体的各种畸形,如双肩不平、剃刀背、腰部不对称等。手术的主要目的是防止脊柱侧凸的进一步加重及纠正畸形。特发性脊柱侧凸的弯曲类型包括上胸弯（PT）、主胸弯（MT）及胸腰弯/腰弯（TL/L）。对于上胸弯的识别和处理具有重要的意义———与患者的双肩平衡密切相关。上胸弯处理不当往往会导致患者双肩失平衡,影响手术效果。     

不同侧凸方向的Lenke 5型脊柱侧凸前路矫形疗效的比较

【摘要】 目的：比较不同侧凸方向的Lenke 5型脊柱侧凸前路矫形内固定的手术疗效。方法：对2005年1月~2009年12月期间在我院手术治疗的Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者进行回顾分析。按照侧凸方向分为左侧凸组（L组,n=38）和右侧凸组（R组,n=14）,在术前、术后及末次随访时的X线片上测量两组患者的如下参数：冠状面参数包括胸弯、胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角及冠状面平衡等;矢状面参数有胸椎后凸角、胸腰段交界角、腰椎前凸角和整体矢状面平衡等。对两组病例的上述参数进行独立样本t检验,分析比较两组的矫形疗效。结果：两组术前主弯Cobb角、主弯累及节段及代偿胸弯Cobb角均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。L组、R组平均随访时间分别为3.1±0.9年（2~4年）、2.7±0.8年（2~3年）。与L组相比,R组手术时间（208.8±41.4min vs. 225.6±39.6min）及出血量（236.5±159.6ml vs. 284.4±164.7ml）较多,但均无统计学差异（P=0.132和P=0.345）。L、R组腰弯平均矫正率分别为66.7%和64.4%（P=0.808）,末次随访平均矫正丢失率分别为4.6%和5.1%（P=0.992）;L、R组胸弯平均矫正率分别为49.8%和47.7%（P=0.886）,末次随访时平均矫正丢失率分别为13.4%和14.3%（P=0.759）。两组均无血管损伤及神经并发症,无1例发生内固定失败。L组术后2例患者发生远端Adding-on,1例患者发生近端交界性后凸;R组1例出现近端Adding-on。结论：前路胸腰弯/腰弯矫形融合术是治疗Lenke 5型脊柱侧凸的有效方法,且不同侧凸方向对矫形疗效无明显影响。     

经椎弓根截骨矫治成人特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效

目的 评价经椎弓根截骨术(PSO)矫治成人特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2001年7月至2007年11月共25例采用脊柱后路PSO治疗的成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者的临床资料.其中男性7例,女性18例;手术时年龄29～48岁,平均35岁.弯曲类型为胸腰双弯9例,胸腰/腰单弯16例.截骨部位均选择在顶椎,其中T11 1例,T12 7例,L1 11例,L2 6例.对比术前、术后及随访时脊柱站立位正侧位X线片判断矫形效果.结果 所有病例手术顺利完成,手术时间220～380 min,平均274 min;术中失血量1500～5000 ml,平均2328ml.腰弯/胸腰弯的侧凸Cobb角术前70°～121°,平均88°;术后矫正至35°～70°,平均43°;矫正率44%.腰弯/胸腰弯的后凸Cobb角术前50°～90°,平均63°;术后矫正至-40°～21°,平均10°;矫正率86%.矢状面的矫形效果明显优于冠状面.手术并发症包括发生神经根损伤3例,术后表现为根性疼痛;无脊髓损伤、迟发性瘫痪、感染和固定失败发生.所有病例随访2～4年,无明显矫形丢失,无躯干失代偿发生,腰背疼痛均得到满意的缓解,患者外观均获得明显改善.结论 PSO矫治成人特发性脊柱侧凸安全有效.     

牵引推压位X线片在特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性评估中的应用研究

目的评价用牵引推压位X线片评估特发性脊柱侧凸患者柔韧性的效果。方法使用自行研制的电动牵引推压床提供可精确控制的轴向牵引和侧方推压的双向矫形力,对29名连续的特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行柔韧性评估。根据侧凸部位将患者分为胸椎侧凸组、胸腰段/腰椎侧凸组和代偿性侧凸组,将牵引推压位预测角度与仰卧侧屈位、支点侧屈位、悬吊牵引位进行对比分析。结果在胸椎侧凸组,牵引推压位的预测角度比悬吊牵引位小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与支点侧屈位、仰卧侧屈位无明显差异。牵引推压位和支点侧屈位预测角度与术后角度无明显差异,而仰卧侧屈位和悬吊牵引位预测值与术后角度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在胸腰段/腰椎侧凸组,牵引推压位预测角度小于悬吊牵引位,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与支点侧屈位和仰卧侧屈位预测值差异不明显。仰卧侧屈位、牵引推压位和支点侧屈位预测角度与术后角度无明显差异;悬吊牵引位预测角度与术后角度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在代偿性侧凸组,牵引推压位、悬吊牵引位预测角度与术后角度无明显差异;仰卧侧屈位预测角度与术后角度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论使用1/2体重的推压和牵引力进行双向矫形的柔韧性评估能够准确预测主凸和代偿凸的术后角度,采用牵引推压位X线片预测角度是一种可适用于不同侧凸并且相对稳定和准确的预测方法。对牵引力与推压力组合比例的进一步探讨可能会获得更好的柔韧性评估效果。     

3种摄片方法预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫形结果的对比研究

[目的]评估术前站立位、支点弯曲位、重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位X线片在预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸三维矫形融合术效果的价值.[方法]对63例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的79个结构性侧凸摄术前站立位、支点弯曲位、重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位X线片,将其与术后的站立位X线片比较,测量全部Cobb's角后进行统计学处理,并评估其价值.[结果]结构性胸凸组与结构性腰凸组重力悬吊牵引位片Cobb's角分别是40°和21°,仰卧侧屈位片Cobb's角分别是41°和23°,支点弯曲位片Cobb's角分别是35°和19°,术后站立位片Cobb's角分别是36°和18°;重度组(≥60°)与中度组(＜60°)重力悬吊牵引位片Cobb's角分别是52°和23°,仰卧侧屈位片Cobb's角分别是53°和24°,支点弯曲位片Cobb's角分别是47°和20°,术后站立位片Cobb's角分别是44°和19°;僵硬组与柔软组重力悬吊牵引位片Cobb's角分别是51°和22°,仰卧侧屈位片Cobb's角分别是52°和22°,支点弯曲位片Cobb's角分别是48°和18°,术后站立位片Cobb's角分别是45°和17°;前路手术组与后路手术组重力悬吊牵引位片Cobb's角分别是47°和15°,仰卧侧屈位片Cobb's角分别是49°和16°,支点弯曲位片Cobb's角分别是43°和11°,术后站立位片Cobb's角分别是42°和10°,以上角度均为平均值.平均随访时间是1.5年(11～37个月).[结论]支点弯曲位X线片比重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位X线片能更准确地预测术后矫正效果,并能为选择前路或后路术式,以及融合节段提供依据.     

Bending片在预测退变性脊柱侧凸矫形效果中的作用

[目的]评价术前Bending位X线片对退变性脊柱侧凸(degenerative scoliosis,DS)术后矫形效果的预测能力,并比较Bending位X线片对预测单纯后路矫形与后路截骨矫形手术效果的差异。[方法]65例接受脊柱矫形手术的DS患者纳入研究,选取每位患者的站立位全脊柱正位X线片、Bending位X线片,术后立位全脊柱正位X线片,分别在以上三种X线片上测量侧凸主弯的Cobb角,分析术前Bending位片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角及弯曲柔韧性(BF)与矫形率(CR)的相关性;根据是否行截骨术,将65例患者分为37例单纯后路矫形组与28例伴截骨矫形组,分别分析两组术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角以及BF与CR相关性。[结果](1)65例患者术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位X线片Cobb角具有明显相关性(r=0.652,P<0.001),BF与CR具有明显相关性(r=0.451,P<0.001),平均CR为(62.22±14.50)%;(2)37例单纯后路矫形患者术前Bending位片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角具有明显相关性(r=0.772,P<0.001),BF与CR具有明显相关性(r=0.729,P<0.001),平均CR为(60.36±14.98)%;28例伴有截骨矫形患者术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位X线片Cobb角具有相关性(r=0.596,P=0.001),BF与CR相关性差(r=0.237,P=0.225),平均CR为(64.66±13.73)%。[结论]术前Bending位X线片可以预测退变性脊柱侧凸术后矫形效果,其预测单纯后路矫形效果的能力明显优于后路截骨矫形效果的能力。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性影响因素分析及仰卧侧屈角度的预测

目的分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性影响因素,探讨预测指标,初步建立仰卧侧屈位Cobb角角度的预测模型。方法通过对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸150例患者（包括胸椎侧凸和胸腰段/腰椎侧凸共216个）的站立位脊柱全长正位X线片和仰卧侧屈位X线片资料进行回顾性研究,用仰卧侧屈位X线片矫正率作为柔韧性指标,与站立位冠状面Cobb角、年龄、性别、Risser征、是否主侧凸和侧凸位置6个指标进行Pearson或Spearman相关分析及多元线性回归,筛选相关因素;采用同样方法 ,分析6个指标与仰卧侧屈Cobb角的关系。结果站立位冠状面Cobb角（P〈0.01）和侧凸位置（P〈0.01）与柔韧度存在明显线性回归关系。站立位冠状面Cobb角（P〈0.01）、侧凸位置（P〈0.01）和是否主侧凸（P〈0.01）与仰卧侧屈Cobb角存在明显的线性回归关系。对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸,站立位冠状面Cobb角每增加10°,柔韧度约减少8%,胸椎侧凸柔韧性平均比胸腰段/腰椎侧凸低10%。站立位冠状面Cobb角〉45°的胸椎次侧凸和〉50°的胸腰段/腰椎次侧凸,成为结构性侧凸几率较大。结论站立位冠状面Cobb角和侧凸位置是显著影响青少年特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧度的因素,实验探讨了1种预测仰卧侧屈Cobb角角度的简单方法 ,解决了临床实际问题。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱柔韧性的影响因素

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者脊柱柔韧性的可能影响因素.方法:选取2006年12月～2008年4月在我院脊柱外科手术治疗的204例AIS患者,男性36例,女性168例,平均年龄15.0岁;平均Cobb角50.1°;平均Risser征3.4度;主弯跨度平均6.8个椎体;主弯顶椎旋转度平均2.0度.摄站立位全脊柱正侧位及仰卧左右侧屈位X线片,计算主弯柔韧性.采用相关分析研究各临床指标与主弯柔韧性的相关性.结果:女性AIS患者的脊柱柔韧性明显高于男性(P<0.05);胸腰弯组和腰弯组AIS患者的脊柱柔韧性显著大于胸弯组(P<0.05),胸腰弯和腰弯组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).女性AIS患者中的年龄及主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)均与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05),且胸弯女性AIS患者的月经初潮至手术时间及顶椎旋转度也与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05).男性胸弯AIS患者中侧屈位主弯Cobb角、胸腰弯/腰弯组中主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)均与脊柱柔韧性显著负相关(P<0.05).主弯跨度及Risser征与脊柱柔韧性均无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论:女性AIS患者脊住柔韧性受年龄、月经初潮至手术时间、主弯Cobb角(站立位与侧屈位)、弯型及顶椎旋转度等因素影响;男性AIS患者的脊柱侧凸柔韧性主要受主弯Cobb角及弯型影响.     

Thoracic curve correction after posterior fusion and instrumentation of structural lumbar curves in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Introduction

Spontaneous thoracic curve correction may occur following selective anterior spinal fusion in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, a few reports have described outcomes in patients following selective posterior fusion. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess curve correction in AIS patients with major lumbar curves and secondary thoracic curves after selective posterior fusion of the major curve.

Methods

The records of 42 AIS patients with major lumbar and minor thoracic curves who had received selective posterior lumbar fusion with segmental pedicle screw fixation were examined. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were examined and the following were determined: curve flexibility, Cobb angle measurements of the major and minor curves, thoracolumbar/lumbar and thoracic Cobb measurements. Also, thoracolumbar/lumbar to thoracic Cobb ratios were determined. Minimum follow-up was 2?years. Patients were compared with respect to whether final thoracic curve improvement was (group A) or was not (group B) apparent. Improvement was indicated by a final thoracic curve that was less than the preoperative thoracic curve.

Results

Thoracic curve improvement was apparent in 32 of 42 patients after surgery. The mean preoperative thoracic curve in group A was 22.5° and 15.0° at follow-up, while corresponding values in group B were 35.0° and 39.8°. There were no cases in group A and eight cases in group B in which the preoperative thoracic curve was >30°. All patients in group B had preoperative thoracic curves on lateral bending >20°. Thoracic curvature at final follow-up was strongly correlated with preoperative thoracic curvature (r?=?0.911) and thoracic curvature on lateral bending (r?=?0.948).

Conclusions

Selective posterior fusion with segmental pedicle screw fixation in patients with major lumbar AIS resulted in curve correction in the majority of cases. Preoperative thoracic curvature and thoracic curvature on lateral bending were strongly correlated with the final thoracic curvature.     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2基因多态性与青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的相关研究

目的 探讨金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2(TIMP-2)启动子区基因多态性与青少年特发性胸椎侧凸疾病易感性和严重程度的相关性.方法 研究对象为2007年1月至2009年3月诊治的354例女性胸弯型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者(AIS组)和2005年3月至2006年6月210名健康体检女性青少年(对照组).选取TIMP-2基因启动子区418G.C(rs8179090)单核苷酸多态性位点,采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)的方法对这该位点进行基因分型.比较不同基因型在AIS组与对照组之间的分布差异,并分析基因多态性与临床表型的相关性.结果 rs8179090多态性位点的等位基因及基因型分布在两组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).AIS组中,体质量指数(BMI)<17 kg.m~2或主弯cobb角≥40°的患者中c等位基因的比例分别显著高于BMI≥17 kg.m~2或主弯cobb角<40°者(P<0.05).已经达到骨骼成熟且自然史未受干扰的患者中,GC型和CC型患者的主弯Cobb角平均值显著大于GG型患者(卢<0.05).结论 TIMP-2基因启动子区-418G.C(rs8179090)多态性位点与女性胸弯型AIS患者青春期异常生长模式和侧凸进展有关,TIMP-2基因是胸弯型AIS的疾病修饰基因.     

全节段与选择性节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗重度僵硬型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸比较

目的 比较全节段椎弓根螺钉(all segmental pedicle screws,ASPS)固定与选择性节段椎弓根螺钉(selective segmental pedicle screws,SSPS)固定治疗重度僵硬型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adoles-cent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2003年3月至2008年12月期间单纯行后路椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗的重度僵硬型AIS患者.站立前后位主胸弯Cobb角>70°和柔韧度<30%者为筛选对象,从327例AIS患者中筛选出符合标准的48例,22例行SSPS同定,26例行ASPS固定.统计并比较两组患者手术时的年龄、术前冠状面主胸弯Cobb角、脊柞柔韧度、术中出血量、术后1周及末次随访时的矫正率.结果 ASPS组和SSPS组的平均年龄分别为15.65岁和17.32岁,术前冠状面主胸弯Cobb角分别为86.77°±11.71°(71.31°～107.51°)和87.56°±14.88°(70.10°～117.83°),柔韧度分别为15.82%±7.37%(6.82%～29.74%)和19.30%±9.19%(0.89%～29.71%),手术时间分别为(280.69±35.92)min和(275.10±33.91)min,术中出血量分别为(988.50±287.80)ml和(800.98±360.47)ml(t=2.004,P=0.051),术后1周冠状面主胸弯畸形矫正率分别为60.07%±8.80%和46.79%±14.90%(u=3.280,P=0.001).ASPS组有1例因凸侧断棒而明显丢失畸形矫正率,余患者无明显丢失.结论 对于重度僵硬型AIS,ASPS治疗的患者术后冠状面主胸弯矫正率明显高于SSPS治疗的患者.     

Injury severity as primary predictor of outcome in acute spinal cord injury: retrospective results from a large multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The prognostic value of injury severity and of anatomical region in acute spinal cord injury is strong, making it hard to evaluate other indicators or assess improvement without considering them. PURPOSE: This study documents issues and suggests a practical way to stratify. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected for the multicenter trial of GM-1. PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 760 patients were recruited at 28 centers in North America. Injuries were rostral to T10 and left at least one leg with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score less than 15 of 25. Patients were assessed at baseline using the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS): Grade A, Grade B, and Grades C and D (combined). They were divided by injury region: cervical or thoracic. OUTCOME MEASURES: The endpoint was marked recovery (MR), defined as improvement of at least two grades from AIS at baseline to Modified Benzel Scale at Week 26. Other endpoints were changes in ASIA Motor, in light touch, and in pin prick scores. METHODS: Data were verified onsite by a central team of monitors, the database was checked and standard statistical techniques were applied. RESULTS: Recruitment was uneven. In 760 patients, 579 injuries were cervical, and 482 were complete. There were few incomplete thoracic injuries. The cervical group had more MR than the thoracic group (37.2% vs 15.9%, p< .0001). AIS Groups C and D had (p< .0001) more MR (84.0%) than Group B (46.6%), which recovered more than Group A (12.8%). The cervical group had an advantage in MR because it had more patients with AIS B, and still more AIS C and D. Within AIS Group A, the cervical subgroup had (p< .02) higher MR (15.5%) than the thoracic one (7.0%), but MR was nearly equal in the B and CD groups. This suggested a new stratification variable, "injury region/severity," to distinguish cervical (n=332, MR=15.5%) and thoracic (n=150, MR=7.0%) injuries within AIS A, but not in AIS B (n=131, MR=46.6%) or AIS CD (n=147, MR=84.1%). This variable is a significant predictor of MR (p< .0001). CONCLUSIONS: AIS severity was the strongest predictor. Anatomical region was also strong but confounded with the severity effect, because the cervicals had fewer complete injuries, and because the cervical complete group did better than thoracic complete. The injury region/severity variable keeps the strong prognostic value of using both region and severity, but is simpler and more statistically economical.     

Transverse plane pelvic rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: primary or compensatory?

Several studies have suggested that the pelvis is involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study is to identify any correlation between the transverse plane rotational position of the pelvis in stance and operative-size idiopathic or congenital scoliosis deformities, using Scheuermann’s kyphosis and isthmic spondylolisthesis patients for comparison. The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis. As a group, AIS patients had a significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. When subdivided into the six Lenke curve patterns, this was true for the groups with a major thoracic curve: thoracic (1), double thoracic (2) and double curve patterns (3). It was not true for patterns with a major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve: single thoracolumbar/lumbar (5) and double thoracic-thoracolumbar/lumbar (6). Nor was it true for triple (4) curves. The Lenke 1 and 2 major thoracic curves without compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves did not have the predicted pelvic rotation. All congenital scoliosis patients studied had main thoracic curves and significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. There was no transverse plane pelvic rotation in the Scheuermann’s kyphosis or isthmic spondylolisthesis patients. We interpret these findings as consistent with a compensatory rotation of the pelvis in the same direction as the main thoracic curve in most patients with a compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curve as well as in patients with main thoracic congenital scoliosis.     

Difficult thoracic pedicle screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiographic and clinical consecutive case series. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify patients treated with posterior spinal fusion and pedicle screw instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in whom it was not possible to place a planned pedicle screw, and describe the possible difficulties in screw placement. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite the knowledge of anatomic characteristics of upper thoracic spine pedicles and considerable experience in thoracic pedicle screw placement, inserting pedicle screws in some patients with AIS may be difficult. METHODS: We reviewed 96 patients with AIS in whom the intent was to use an all-screw construct in 2004. Placement of the pedicle screws was usually by the freehand method, with intraoperative fluoroscopy used as needed. If a screw could not be safely placed after multiple attempts, a down-going supralaminar or transverse process hook was placed. Medical records were reviewed and radiographs were measured by one of the authors. RESULTS: We identified 17 cases (18%) in which a hook had been placed. All cases had a major thoracic curve (Lenke 1, 2, and 3) and the single hook had always been placed at the most cephalad level of the construct on the patient's right side. The most common levels for hook placement were T3 and T4; these pedicles were noted to be sclerotic, narrow, and have a moderate amount of rotation on the preoperative posterior-anterior and side bending radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Care should be exercised during pedicle screw instrumentation in the apical region of the proximal thoracic curve, whether structural or nonstructural, especially in the concavity. The preoperative radiographs may give helpful clues to intraoperative challenges of pedicle screw insertion at the uppermost level of instrumentation. Hook fixation was satisfactory in this scenario.     

选择性前路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的参数分析

目的 探讨Lenke5、6型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者选择性前路手术的筛选指标.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年3月至2004年5月期间收治的52例Lenke5、6型AIS患者,随访2～4年(平均34个月),评估术前各相关参数.按术后结果 分成两组:满意组(胸弯减小)A组,不满意组(胸弯加重)B组.结果 A组(n=46)术前胸弯平均33°,术后平均18°,腰弯术前平均49°,术后平均21°.B组(n=6)术前胸弯平均38°,术后平均45°.腰弯术前平均46°,术后平均25°.B组患者中2例由于术后脊柱失平衡,进行了后路翻修术.结论 胸椎柔韧性和患者的成熟度决定了该方案外科手术的效果.在各种结构参数中,(TL/L:T)Cobb比率和胸椎柔韧性,是筛选患者的较好指标.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯胸腰椎生理曲度的影像学研究

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)胸腰椎生理曲度变化情况以及不同类型侧弯之间胸腰椎生理曲度的差异。方法:自2017年1月至2021年12月回顾性分析305例脊柱全长正侧位X线片的青少年患者,根据有无侧弯分为正常组和侧弯组。正常组179例,男79例,女100例;年龄10~18(12.84±2.10)岁。侧弯组126例,男33例,女93例;年龄10~18(13.92±2.20)岁。观察并比较两组Risser征、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)与腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL),并分析比较不同性别、不同程度侧弯与不同节段侧弯TK值与LL值。结果:侧弯组在女性比率(P=0.001)、年龄(P<0.001)方面均明显高于正常组;Risser征方面,正常组低级别骨化程度比率明显高于侧弯组(P=0.038)。侧弯组TK值明显小于正常组(P<0.001),而两组LL值比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.147)。男性与女性之间比较,TK值与LL值差异无统计学意义。轻度侧弯TK值明显大于中度侧弯(P<0.05),但LL值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同节段侧弯之间TK值与LL值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:胸椎与腰椎生理曲度均与性别无关;AIS患者胸椎生理曲度变小,但是腰椎生理曲度基本不变。轻度AIS患者的胸椎生理曲度大于中度AIS患者,但是腰椎生理曲度在轻中度患者之间几乎无差异,且与正常青少年相似。AIS患者胸腰椎生理曲度变化可能与脊柱前柱相对生长过快有关,其具体机制有待进一步研究。