AO非扩髓肱骨交锁髓内钉在肱骨干骨折不愈合中的应用

目的 探讨AO非扩髓(AO—UHN)肱骨交锁髓内钉加自体松质骨植骨在肱骨干骨折不愈合中的应用。方法 20例患者手术取出原内固定，行正向或逆向插入AO—UHN肱骨交锁髓内钉，在不愈合部位行丰富的自体松质骨植骨。术后进行影像学观察和疗效评定。结果 20例患者有15例得到随访，随访时间为9～23个月(平均13．8个月)，愈合时间4～10个月(平均6．2个月)。除1例在12个月时仍未愈合予再次植骨后6个月获得愈合外，其余均在一次手术后获得愈合，优良率为90％。结论 AO—UHN肱骨交锁髓内钉加自体松质骨植骨是治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的一种有效方法。     

Reconstruction of post-traumatic diaphyseal bone loss by segmental bone transfer

Until the beginning of the 1980s, reconstruction of major post-traumatic diaphyseal bone loss as an alternative to amputation was possible only by massive autologous bone grafts. Such a technique was limited by the amount of available bone required for grafting. Ilizarov explained the distraction osteogenesis principle and designed a circular external fixation material that was suitable for compression-extension. He described the concept of segmental bone transfer, which allows bone regeneration to take place within the actual injured limb. Our present experience is based on the literature and the study of 12 cases. All patients presented with significant post-traumatic tibial bone loss ranging from 45 to 145 mm. In this article, we discuss the indications, benefits and risks of such a technique compared to classic methods. Mainly indicated in patients who have sustained significant bone loss, bone transfer is the method of choice for preserving bone stock and correcting limb discrepancy, although it does not reduce consolidation time. Moreover, circular external fixations are often poorly tolerated and may be replaced by unilateral devices that are easier to install.     

钢板内固定加植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效分析

目的评价钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效。方法2002年2月～2004年12月对41例肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合患者均采用钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗。其中男32例,女9例;平均年龄37．5岁(17～67岁)。骨不愈合类型：肥大型16例,萎缩型25例。结果所有患者获平均22．6个月(8～42个月)随访。40例(97．6%)患_者骨折愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为5．8个月(3～12个月)。并发症：桡神经损伤3例,伤口感染1例,骨折不愈合1例。最终随访时,肩关节和肘关节功能恢复满意。结论对于肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的患者,采用钢板内固定加自体松质骨植骨治疗是有效的方法。     

带锁髓内钉内固定加经皮注射红骨髓治疗肱骨骨不连

目的 探讨采用Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ扩髓型带锁髓内钉顺得内固定与植骨、术后注射红骨髓治疗肱骨骨不连。方法 肱骨骨不连患者２５例,以往平均手术次数２次,骨折后时间１０个月～４年,平均１年１０个月。用带锁髓内钉顺行静力型固定骨折端,取自体髂骨植骨缺损。术后１０ｄ于骨折区注射自体红骨髓。术后早期功能锻炼。平均随访时间１６个月。结果 所有病例均达到骨性愈合,平均愈合时间４．５个月,关节功能恢复很好。     

锁定加压接骨板结合自体髂骨移植治疗无菌性尺骨干骨不连的结果分析

目的 :探讨锁定加压接骨板结合自体髂骨移植治疗无菌性尺骨干骨不连的临床治疗结果。方法 :自2009年3月至2017年7月,对取得完整随访资料的22例无菌性尺骨干骨不连患者实施手术治疗,其中男12例,女10例;年龄16～58(39.7±9.9)岁;病程10～192(39.4±55.7)个月。萎缩型骨不连15例,肥大型骨不连5例,滑膜假关节型骨不连2例。骨不连断端清创后给予锁定加压接骨板固定,并给予自体髂骨植骨。对骨愈合率、手术并发症和临床结果进行评价。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间13～42(22.5±8.2)个月,1例未愈合。视觉模拟疼痛评分0～3(0.9±0.9)分,前臂旋前47～86(69.0±14.7)°,旋后35～85(63.0±9.4)°,腕关节伸直20～80(51.0±10.2)°,腕关节屈曲32～88(71.0±11.7)°,肘关节屈曲挛缩0～25(9.0±5.6)°,进一步屈曲105～150(134.0±13.9)°,手部抓握力为对侧的87%。根据Anderson功能评分标准,优8例,满意11例,不满意2例,失败1例。结论:锁定加压接骨板结合自体髂骨移植可以有效治疗无菌性尺骨干骨不连。     

Treatment of humeral diaphyseal nonunions by interlocked nailing and autologous bone grafting

Twenty seven patients with humeral diaphyseal nonunion treated with interlocked nailing and autogenous bone grafting were retrospectively assessed. The mean age was 37 years (28 to 59 years). There were 16 women and 11 men. An average of 11 months (8 to 36 months) had elapsed between the initial trauma or treatment and presentation in our clinic. The nonunion site was in the distal third of the humerus in 18 patients (66%) and in the middle third in 9 (34%). Seventeen (73%) had hypertrophic and 10 (37%) atrophic nonunion. Patients were treated with locked intramedullary nailing and autogenous cancellous bone grafting. The mean follow-up was 42 months (28 to 62 months), and the mean time to union was 4.8 months (2.5 to 11 months). Three patients developed superficial infection. Union was achieved in all cases but one, in which there was multiple nerve injury. According to Steward and Hundley's scoring, results were good in 24 patients, fair in 2, and poor in one. Interlocked nailing and autologous bone grafting has a good rate of union provided nails of appropriate diameter are used and distal and proximal locking is performed correctly. We think that its low rate of infection, low risk of injury to the radial nerve, and low requirement for soft tissue dissection make it a suitable choice in the treatment of nonunions of the humeral diaphysis.     

Callus distraction for humeral nonunion with bone loss and limb shortening caused by chronic osteomyelitis

Nonunion of the humerus with bone loss and shortening due to osteomyelitis is rare but difficult to treat. We describe our experience with a callus distraction technique using a monolateral external fixator for the treatment of this condition. Between October 1994 and January 2004, 11 patients were treated. There were seven males and four females, with a mean age of 14 years (10 to 17). The mean bone loss was 1.9 cm (1 to 2.7) and the mean length discrepancy in the upper limb was 5.6 cm (3.5 to 8.0). The mean follow-up was for 106 months (54 to 166). The mean external fixation index was 34.8 days/cm (29.8 to 40.5). The mean lengthening was 9.5 cm (5.5 to 13.4). There were seven excellent results, three good and one poor. There were nine excellent functional results and two good. The treatment of humeral nonunion with bone loss and shortening due to osteomyelitis by callus distraction is a safe and effective means of improving function and cosmesis.     

Treatment of humeral shaft nonunion with interlocking nail and percutaneous injection of bone marrow

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of treatment of humeral shaft nonunion with interlocking nail and percutaneous injection of bone marrow after operation. METHODS: Twenty-five adult patients with humeral shaft nonunion, initially treated with plates, intramedullary nails, or external fixators changed to use RussellTaylor reamed antegrade intramedullary nails with autologous bone grafting and percutaneously bone marrow injection into the fracture sites ten days after the operation to promote union. RESULTS: All patients achieved a solid union with good function. The union period was a median of 4.5 months. CONCLUSION: We believe that the procedure may provide firm internal fixation and improve activity of osteoblasts in fracture sites for accelerating fracture healing.     

Treatment of osteopenic humeral shaft nonunion with compression plating, humeral cortical allograft struts, and bone grafting

Surgical stabilization of humeral shaft nonunions can be difficult to achieve if severe osteopenia or loss of bone stock is present. We present a technique whereby a 4.5-mm standard dynamic compression plate is used in conjunction with a humeral cortical allograft strut and bone grafting to stabilize humeral shaft nonunions complicated by severe bone loss. Six patients with established nonunion of the humeral shaft underwent this technique. Union was achieved at an average of 3.4 months (range 2-6 months). Our method using onlay allograft struts can provide an effective alternative in the management of humeral shaft nonunion complicated by severe osteopenia of various etiologies.     

四边骨板植骨与带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干陈旧性骨折并骨不连

肱骨干骨折一般系指肱骨外科颈以下2cm至肱骨髁上2cm的骨折,是临床上最常见的长骨干骨折之一。肱骨干骨折后出现骨不连在临床上并不少见,发生率为5％～15％。2005年至2009年在双边骨板植骨内固定的基础上。     

Surgical management of diaphyseal humeral nonunion after intramedullary nailing: Wave-plate fixation and autologous bone grafting without nail removal

Six patients with a nonunion of the humeral diaphysis after intramedullary nailing were treated with a wave plate and autologous bone graft but without removal of the intramedullary implant. The mean duration of the nonunion was 19 months (range, 6-36 months). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (range, 6-18 months), all six nonunions had healed, and patient satisfaction was high. Five patients had regained full shoulder function. One patient, who was treated for a rotator cuff tear before the humeral fracture, had a satisfactory functional outcome. Elbow motion was full in all but one patient. One patient had a postoperative radial nerve palsy, which recovered partially but did not require further surgery. This report suggests that healing of humeral nonunions can be achieved in the presence of intramedullary hardware.     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法1997年10月～2001年7月,应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗12例肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者,其中肥大型5例,萎缩型2例,假关节形成5例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为10．5个月(5～33个月)。手术采用开放复位顺行置入髓内钉,锁入远端交锁钉后向近端打拔以使断端加压,自体髂骨及RBX植骨。结果所有患者获平均21个月(9～51个月)随访。12例患者骨不连均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为5．8个月(3．5～8．0个月)。其中1例去除髓内钉后1年于原骨不连部位发生再骨折,重新植骨内固定而获得愈合。11例肩关节及上肢功能恢复良好。所有患者未遗留神经损伤症状。结论肱骨交锁髓内钉为治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法。     

锁定加压钢板在肱骨干骨折术后骨不连中的应用

目的评价采用AO锁定加压钢板（LCP）治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连的疗效。方法2003年1月～2006年1月对23例24侧肱骨干骨折术后骨不连患者采用LCP内固定加自体骨移植及术后佩戴肩外展架的治疗方法。操作要点：臂外侧入路，首先保护好桡神经，清除骨不连部位的瘢痕组织，打通骨髓腔，骨膜做有限剥离。钢板应足够长，骨不连的两端至少各有4枚自锁螺钉固定，锁钉应穿过双侧骨皮质，自体松质骨植骨，术后患肢用肩外展架保护2～3个月。结果所有骨不连全部愈合，愈合时间3～6个月，平均4．2个月。2例术后出现桡神经牵拉性麻痹，经对症处理分别于术后3周、6周逐渐恢复。18例仍遗留不同程度肩关节功能障碍。结论LCP治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连的优点在于螺钉与钢板锁定为一体，不会出现单钉折断或钢板松动的情况，骨折治愈率高，是治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连的较好方法。     

Factors affecting the incidence of aseptic nonunion after surgical fixation of humeral diaphyseal fracture

Background Although aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture is rare, it often is debilitating for the patient. Treatment is challenging for the surgeon when nonunion occurs. The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for aseptic nonunion among patients with humeral diaphyseal fracture undergoing surgical fixation.Methods The medical records of all humeral diaphyseal fracture patients who underwent surgical fixation from January 2005 to January 2011 were reviewed to identify those who developed aseptic nonunion. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent associations of potential risk factors for aseptic nonunion among patients with surgical humeral diaphyseal fracture.Results A total of 686 patients were identified, with 659 meeting our inclusion criteria. Among these 659 cases there were 24 cases of septic nonunion, an incidence of 3.6 %. The patients were followed for 9–24 months, with an average follow-up period of 14.8 months. In the final regression model, advanced age (odds ratio, 1.09; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.14, P = 0.001), smoking (odds ratio, 5.34; 95 % CI: 1.05–27.00, P = 0.043), use of NSAIDs (odds ratio, 2.51; 95 % CI: 1.80–3.50, P < 0.001), and ASA score (odds ratio, 3.04; 95 % CI: 1.06–8.74, P = 0.039) were risk factors for aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture after surgical fixation.Conclusions This analysis confirms advanced age, smoking, use of NSAIDs, and ASA score were related to an increased risk of aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture after surgical fixation. Patients who have the risk factors identified in this study should be counseled about the possibility of aseptic nonunion occurring after surgical fixation.     

UADF植骨固定自体骨髓血注入治疗肱骨骨折不愈合

肱骨干骨折的手术和非手术治疗均有较高的骨折不愈合发生率,多因治疗方法选择不当和操作失误所致。我院自1996年11月-2001年11月采用UADF植骨自体骨髓注入治疗肱骨骨折不愈合21例,获得了满意效果。1 临床资料 本组21例中男14例,女7例;年龄24～52岁,平均41岁。左侧12例,右侧9例。不愈合发生部位:上段4例,中下段17例。骨折不愈合发生原因:髓内针6例,钢板7例,钢丝捆扎2例,开放性骨折造成骨缺损2例,手法复位外固定4例。来院就诊时间5个月～3年,平均10个月。2 手术方法 采用颈丛或臂丛麻醉。骨折端前外侧纵行切口或原手术切口,先取出松动的钢板、螺钉、髓内针或     

Scapulohumeral arthrodesis for post-traumatic proximal humeral loss using vascularized fibular transplantation and allograft bone

Loss of the proximal humerus following trauma or tumor ablation results in tremendous functional impairment because of the inability to position the hand in space. Although scapulohumeral athrodesis is described in the literature, insufficient follow-up has prevented full appreciation of functional outcome and patient satisfaction. This report describes favorable restoration of upper extremity function in two patients who sustained traumatic injuries to the proximal humerus following scapulohumeral arthrodesis In both cases, vascularized fibula transplantation and allograft bone were used, and pedicled latissimus muscle transfers were required for soft-tissue closure.     

Good results with unreamed nail and bone grafting for humeral nonunion

21 patients with humeral shaft nonunions were treated by retrograde nailing with the unreamed humeral nail. In all cases, we reamed the fracture site and performed a bone graft. Union of the fracture occurred in every case. The mean healing time was 4.2 (4-6) months. The range of motion of the shoulder and elbow was excellent in 14 patients, that of the shoulder moderate in 6 and poor in 1, and that of the elbow moderate in 7. The functional results were excellent in 13 patients, good in 5 and fair in 3. Given the good functional results in this series, retrograde locked nailing and bone grafting appears to be a good method for treating humeral shaft nonunions.