早产儿振幅整合脑电图的应用

振幅整合脑电图是脑电图技术的一种简化形式,近年来已被证实可以辅助诊断足月儿缺血缺氧性脑病、预测窒息后足月儿神经发育结局,但对于早产儿应用较少.早产儿振幅整合脑电图与脑发育成熟程度相关,易受临床干预措施等多种因素影响,目前诸多研究者认为早产儿振幅整合脑电图同样有助于早产儿脑损伤诊断及神经发育结局预测.该文从早产儿振幅整合脑电图与脑发育的关系、影响因素,对脑损伤诊断价值及神经发育结局预测能力角度进行综述.     

振幅整合脑电图在早产儿脑发育中的变化规律

目的 研究早产儿脑发育过程中振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)的变化规律.方法 对2008年5月至2009年12月入住我院新生儿科的41例早产儿,采用国产脑功能监护仪(CFM3000)连续监测其在不同受孕龄(PMA)aEEG波谱带的变化,分析aEEG各种波形出现的比例,探讨其随PMA的变化规律.结果 41例早产儿共描记167例次脑电波形,按PMA分为4组;PMA 28 ～ 30周(n ＝ 35);PMA 31 ～ 33周(n ＝ 42);PMA 34 ～ 36 周(n ＝ 52);PMA 37 ～ 38周(n ＝ 38).PMA 34周以上组aEEG波形连续性显著高于33周及以下组;睡眠 - 觉醒周期的出现率在34周以上显著增高;随PMA增长,脑电波振幅下边缘增高,宽度变窄.结论 早产儿脑发育过程中aEEG有其自身的变化规律,对判断脑发育成熟度有一定的参考价值.     

振幅整合脑电图在早产儿脑功能监护中的应用

振幅整合脑电图是脑电图技术的一种简化形式,可以通过监测脑电背景活动,分析振幅整合脑电图图形的连续性、周期性、下界振幅、带宽四方面,监测早产儿的脑成熟度及评估预后,具有操作简便、图形直观、受干扰小等特点,是近年来一种非侵袭皮层评估脑功能状态的重要工具.该文就振幅整合脑电图的原理、图形分析、临床应用等方面对早产儿脑功能监护的应用作一综述.     

早产儿颅内出血振幅整合脑电图背景模式及睡眠觉醒周期的特点

目的 分析不同程度脑室周围-脑室内出血（PIVH）早产儿振幅整合脑电图（aEEG）背景模式及睡眠觉醒周期的特点。方法 选取56 例胎龄25~33 周的PIVH 早产儿及31 例同胎龄段无PIVH 早产儿,将PIVH 患儿按Papile 分级标准分为轻度出血组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）和中重度出血组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ级）,对各组早产儿aEEG的结果进行比较分析。结果 与轻度出血组及对照组比较,中重度出血组患儿的电压连续性降低,睡眠觉醒周期（SWC）缺失率高,aEEG 评分低（P 结论 aEEG 背景活动及SWC 的改变与早产儿PIVH 的严重程度有关。     

振幅整合脑电图检查在早产儿脑成熟度评价中的应用

目的 研究振幅整合脑电图检查在早产儿脑成熟度评价中的应用.方法2008年9月至2009年8月在我院NICU住院的早产儿共91例,完成振幅整合脑电图检查112例次,对图形连续性、睡眠觉醒周期及振幅的最低电压和最高电压进行分析.结果随早产儿校正胎龄的增加,图形逐渐从不连续到连续,睡眠觉醒周期逐渐规律出现,振幅最低及最高电压与校正胎龄明显相关(r =0.982,P＜0.01;r=-0.964,P＜0.01).结论振幅整合脑电图可以作为一项简便易行的监测手段来评价早产儿脑成熟度.     

支气管肺发育不良早产儿振幅整合脑电图的临床意义分析

目的 了解支气管肺发育不良(BPD)早产儿振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)的变化特点及临床意义.方法 回顾性纳入出生胎龄≤32+6周符合BPD诊断的早产儿156例为BPD组,选择同期住院的非BPD早产儿156例为对照组,应用早产儿aEEG评分系统比较两组患儿住院期间的aEEG结果 ,并按检查时间(纠正胎龄≤28+6周、29～...     

振幅整合脑电图对早产儿脑损伤的诊断价值及其影响因素

目的　探讨振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)对早产儿脑损伤(BIPI)的诊断价值及其影响因素。方法　将116例胎龄27~36+6周早产儿纳入研究, 对所有早产儿生后 6 h 内aEEG进行评分; 依据BIPI诊断结果将116例早产儿分为BIPI组(n=63)和非BIPI组(n=53), 采用logistic回归分析对导致BIPI发生的危险因素进行评估; 依据aEEG检测结果再将116例早产儿分为aEEG正常组(n=58)和aEEG异常组(n=58), 对影响早产儿aEEG结果的因素行单因素分析。结果　BIPI组中aEEG异常52 例(83%); 非BIPI组中aEEG 异常6例(11%), 两组aEEG异常率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将早产儿依据胎龄27~33+6周和34~36+6周进行划分, BIPI组aEEG评分明显低于同胎龄非BIPI组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示：小胎龄(<32周)、低出生体重(<1 500 g)、胎盘胎膜及脐带异常和母孕期高血压是导致BIPI发生的高危因素(P<0.05)。aEEG异常组与aEEG正常组在胎龄、出生体重、胎盘胎膜及脐带异常和母孕期高血压4方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 导致BIPI发生的危险因素与影响早产儿aEEG结果的因素相一致, 提示aEEG有助于BIPI的早期诊断。     

振幅整合脑电图评估孕妇产前糖皮质激素治疗对早产儿脑发育的影响

目的 通过振幅整合脑电图（amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, aEEG）探讨孕妇产前糖皮质激素（antenatal corticosteroid, ACS）治疗对早产儿脑发育的影响。方法 回顾性纳入胎龄28+0～34+6周早产儿211例,根据产前是否使用地塞米松进行促胎肺成熟治疗分为ACS组（131例）和对照组（80例）。在生后24 h内进行首次aEEG监测（记为aEEG1）,生后5～7 d进行第2次aEEG监测（记为aEEG2）,对aEEG结果进行分析比较。结果 胎龄28+0～31+6周早产儿中,ACS组相较于对照组,aEEG1周期性更成熟、振幅下边界更高（P<0.05）;胎龄32+0～33+6周及胎龄34+0～34+6周早产儿中,ACS组相较于对照组,连续模式比例更高、周期性更成熟且Burdjalov评分更高（P<0.05）。胎龄32+0～33+6周及胎龄34+0～34+6周早产儿中,ACS组相较于对照组,aEEG2连续模式比例更高、周期性更成熟、振幅下边界更高、波谱带宽更窄且Burdjalov评分更高（P<0...     

振幅整合脑电图监测不同胎龄早产儿宫外环境下脑发育的多中心观察性研究

目的 了解宫外生活对28~36周早产儿振幅整合脑电图（aEEG）的影响。方法 以出生时无窒息抢救史早产儿为早产儿组,以胎龄37周出生后正常的新生儿为对照组;早产儿组采用振幅整合脑电图仪分别于生后3 d内,然后每周监测1次直至出院（或最长监测至纠正胎龄37周）,对照组于生后第3 d 行aEEG监测。每次连续监测4 h。分析胎龄和纠正胎龄对aEEG成熟过程影响,包括aEEG背景连续性、睡眠-觉醒周期、下边界振幅和带宽。5家参研医院均采用相同品牌和型号的aEEG,研究开始前统一进行操作技术培训,样本的临床和图像数据发送至复旦大学附属儿科医院整理。结果 2008年5月1日至2009年8 月31日5家参研医院符合本文纳入和排除标准的早产儿组135例,对照组20例。早产儿aEEG的成熟度受胎龄和纠正胎龄的影响,随胎龄和纠正胎龄增加,aEEG背景连续性和睡眠-觉醒周期出现的百分比均增加,逐步出现连续性电压（χ2=26.865,P<0.01）,≥34周出生的早产儿成熟的睡眠-觉醒周期的出现的百分比均为100％（χ2=192.4,P<0.01）;下边界振幅升高（F＝11.4,P<0.01）,带宽变窄（F＝8.731,P<0.01）。纠正胎龄和同出生胎龄的新生儿比较,连续性电压百分比、睡眠-觉醒周期的出现率均显著增加,胎龄＞34周的早产儿出生时aEEG均可见明显的睡眠-觉醒周期,而纠正胎龄32周时,睡眠-觉醒周期出现的百分比已达到100%;窄带下界也显著增高;窄带带宽变窄,至34周龄后,纠正胎龄和同出生胎龄新生儿均变化不明显。结论 早产儿aEEG的成熟度与出生胎龄和纠正胎龄相关,宫外生活加速了早产儿脑发育成熟。     

振幅整合脑电图在足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的应用

足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病因早期无特异性临床体征,早期诊断困难,如果该类患儿未能及时得到干预,将影响患儿远期预后及生存质量。振幅整合脑电图是一种简便有效的无创脑功能监测及评价方法,可为足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤早期诊断及预后评估提供确切依据。     

Developmental change of amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic activity in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage

Background

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) allows continuous brain function monitoring at bedside.

Objectives

This prospective cohort study was designed to longitudinally evaluate aEEG tracings at increased postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Methods

Biweekly aEEG recordings were performed on preterm infants < 32 weeks gestational age from 24 to 36 weeks PMA. The tracings were evaluated according to a scoring system adapted from Burdjalov et al.

Results

We analyzed 496 aEEG recordings in 105 preterm infants. The control group consisted of 42 infants with no IVH, whereas the IVH grade I, II, III, and IV groups consisted of 38, 8, 3, and 14 infants, respectively. There were significant differences in the cycling and total maturation scores among the IVH groups at 36 weeks PMA (p = 0.010 and p = 0.006, respectively). The IVH-IV patients maintained low scores in their cycling as their PMA increased, in contrast to their continuity and amplitude scores. The risk factors affecting the aEEG maturation scores at 36 weeks PMA in the IVH-IV patients included seizure events with the administration of antiepileptic drugs and the insertion of external ventricular drains (β = − 0.679 and β = − 0.418, respectively; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The low cycling scores persisted until 36 weeks PMA in the IVH-IV group.     

Intra- and extrauterine maturation of amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic activity in preterm infants younger than 30 weeks of gestation

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the longitudinal changes of amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic (aEEG) activity in preterm infants <30 weeks gestational age (GA). METHODS: Infants (GA <30 weeks) without evidence of neurological abnormalities had weekly aEEG recordings performed. The relative duration of the three aEEG patterns (discontinuous low voltage, discontinuous high voltage and continuous) was determined and the influence of GA and postnatal age (PNA) on the occurrence of each pattern was assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-eight infants (median GA 26 weeks; range 23-29 weeks) were studied. With higher GA (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.33-2.13) and PNA (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.53-2.38), the likelihood for the occurrence of continuous activity increased. The discontinuous low-voltage pattern was less likely to occur with increasing GA (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55-0.83) and PNA (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.81). CONCLUSION: Maturation of aEEG activity in preterm infants is influenced by both GA and PNA.     

Perfusion monitoring and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants

Cardiovascular instability in preterm infants during the early postnatal period correlates with the development of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Due to the correlation between hypotension and fluctuation of blood pressure, treatment was targeted specifically at hypotension to prevent IVH, but this was not successful. Recently, several novel perfusion markers have been found to be correlated with the development of IVH, and they are of current interest in cardiovascular management. In this review, the correlation between IVH and conventional, as well as novel, perfusion markers is examined.     

Predictive value of early continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in ventilated preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage

The contribution of early continuous four-channel EEG monitoring to the evaluation of intraventricular hemorrhage in acutely ill preterm infants mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory distress was assessed in a prospective study of 54 infants of less than 34 weeks' gestation. Early abnormal EEG results correlated significantly with later outcome. They often preceded ultrasound evidence of hemorrhage and provided prognostically significant functional correlation with the grade of hemorrhage. Continuous EEG monitoring allows collection of significant data with minimal interference and could contribute to clinical management of high-risk preterm infants.     

早产儿氧疗方法和临床应用

Volpe报告来自全世界关于极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)大量随访的研究指出:<1 500 g早产儿生存率接近85%。随着存活率的增加,早产儿的肺损伤、脑损伤及视网膜病等并发症发生率同步增高。近年报道指出,发达国家早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的发生率、严重度及阈值病变均呈下降趋势,但ROP在VLBWI中仍普遍存在,超低出生体重(ELBWI,<1 000 g)早产儿ROP发生率为81·6%,约有12·5%胎龄23~26周的早产儿因阈值病变需要治疗[1,2]。2000年8月在青岛举行的海峡两岸新生儿学术研讨会,台湾地区报告12家医院613例出生体重<1 500 g[(1 133±272)g],胎龄(28·9±…     

Behavioral responsiveness in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage

Preterm infants with varying degrees of intraventricular hemorrhage (none, n = 21; grade I to II, n = 22; grade II to IV, n = 24) and a group of full-term infants (n = 21) were compared with regard to behavioral responsiveness and parental reports of the infant's temperament. Behavioral responsiveness was assessed during the presentation of 15 visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli at 3 months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). Summary scores for positive and negative responsiveness, as well as sociability, soothability, and overall activity levels, were derived from behavioral observations by coders who were unaware of the infant's characteristics. The Bates Infant Characteristic Questionnaire was completed by the main care giver and scored on four summary variables: fussy-difficult, unadaptable, dull, and unpredictable. Preterm infants, regardless of the presence or severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, showed less positive responses and less overall activity in response to stimulation. Infants with grade I to II intraventricular hemorrhage were less sociable and more difficult to soothe than full-term control infants. Individual differences in positive, negative, sociability, and soothability were related to the questionnaire scores of fussy-difficult and unadaptability. Both prematurity and degree of intraventricular hemorrhage affect behavioral responsiveness and these individual differences are related to parental reports of the infant's temperament.