Serum ferritin and the iron status of Canadians.

Serum ferritin concentration was determined in 1105 Canadians aged 1 to 90 years. Geometric mean values (ng/ml) were as follows: children 1 to 4 years old, 12; children 5 to 9 years old, 15; adolescent girls, 17; adolescent boys, 18; women 20 to 39 years, 23; women 65 years and older, 52; men 20 to 39 years, 93; and men 40 and older, 92. Ranges were side in all age groups, reflecting variations in size of body iron stores. From analysis of the ferritin values it is highly probably that iron stores were greatly reduced in approximately 25% of children, 30% of adolescents, 30% of menstruating women, 60% of pregnant women and 3% of men. Iron-deficiency anemia was noted in only 2% of subjects. If "normality" requires more than small amounts of storage iron to meet physiologic demands, the study results suggest a high probability of iron deficiency in 60% of the pregnant women and in 19% of the other subjects; but if normality is defined as maintenance of adequate iron stores for erythropoiesis, the prevalence of iron deficiency was zero in the pregnant women and 2% in the other subjects.     

Assessment of iron stores in inflammation by assay of serum ferritin concentrations

A serum ferritin concentration of below 15 microgram/l is accepted as indicating diminished iron reserves in an otherwise normal person. In patients with inflammatory disease this lower limit of normality may be inappropriate as inflammation may directly stimulate the production of ferritin protein. Results obtained in a survey of 150 patients with early inflammatory joint disease suggest that a ferritin concentration of 55 microgram/l is a more appropriate lower limit of normality.     

Serum ferritin, cobalt excretion and body iron status.

Serum ferritin concentration was measured by immunoradiometric assay in 64 subjects. It was closely related to the size of body iron stores measured by hemosiderin content of bone marrow in all subjects and by the deferoxamine test in 10 patients with iron overload. Urinary cobalt excretion, an indirect measure of iron absorption, was inversely related to hemosiderin content of bone marrow in 34 patients aged 18 to 72 with or without liver disease, but this relation did not hold in a group of 20 student volunteers aged 17 to 30, indicating that the test is unreliable in young people. A strong inverse correlation was demonstrated between values for cobalt excretion and serum ferritin in the 34 patients and between those for iron absorption and serum ferritin in the 20 students. Serum ferritin concentration appears to reflect accurately the iron status of the healthy individual but high values in liver disease must be interpreted with caution.     

Association of maternal hemoglobin and iron stores with neonatal hemoglobin and iron stores

BackgroundOne of the commonest causes of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency. This study aims at understanding and exploring the association between fetal and maternal iron status. Predelivery maternal hemoglobin (Hb) and iron stores, serum iron, ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), were assessed and compared to the cord blood Hb and iron stores with an attempt to identify the level of maternal Hb and ferritin at which the fetal iron stores reduce, helping to identify the neonates who will require earlier iron supplementation.MethodFour hundred eight participants were enrolled, and maternal and cord blood was collected at the time of delivery and tested for Hb and iron parameters. The results were statistically analyzed.ResultsOf all mothers, 27.2% mothers were anemic (Hb less than 11 g/dl). Of all newborns, 15.4% newborns had Hb less than 14 g/dl. There was a significant association between the maternal and cord blood iron, ferritin, sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin index. Eighty-five percent of the babies with cord blood Hb <14 g/dl had maternal serum ferritin (SF) <50 μg/L. Maternal SF <10 μg/l was associated with a significant number of babies with cord blood SF <75 μg/l (77.7%). One hundred sixty six neonates had sTfR 2 μg/ml or more. Of these, 80.7% had maternal SF <50 μg/l. Of the 115 newborns with a high sTfR/log ferritin index (>1.5), 56.5% had raised maternal sTfR (>2μg/ml).ConclusionIn view of a significant association between maternal and neonatal Hb and iron stores, newborns of mothers with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy should be monitored and followed up after birth for development of IDA and early iron supplementation.     

Serum ferritin level. Determinant of iron requirement in hemodialysis patients

Seventeen patients without renal failure and 14 patients receiving long-term hemodialysis were studied. Serum and bone marrow ferritin determinations were made at the time of bone marrow aspiration. A good correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and bone marrow iron stores, as well as between bone marrow ferritin levels and iron stores. Serum ferritin determinations appear to give an accurate estimation of bone marrow iron stores, thereby providing a reliable guide for iron replacement therapy and reducing the need for repeated bone marrow aspirations. Serum ferritin levels of less than 105 ng/ml suggest decreased iron stores, and values greater than 120 ng/ml indicate adequate or increased iron stores. Preliminary data also suggest that bone marrow ferritin determinations may be useful in quantitating bone marrow iron stores.     

绝经后女性血清网膜素-1与骨密度的关系

目的：探讨绝经后女性血清网膜素-1浓度与骨密度的关系,进一步了解脂肪组织对骨密度的影响。方
法：运用双能X线骨扫描仪(DEXA)测定此336名受试人群全身总体骨密度、腰椎正位、左侧前臂、髋部总体、左侧
股骨颈、Ward’s三角区、左侧股骨大转子及转子内骨密度及体成份,运用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清脂肪
因子(网膜素,脂联素,瘦素,抵抗素,内脏脂肪素,apelin)浓度。结果：超重及肥胖组较正常体重组有更高的总
髋、股骨颈、转子内骨密度;血清网膜素-1与腰椎、股骨颈、股骨大转子、转子内、总髋、Ward’s三角区BMD呈负
相关(r=-0.159,-0.259,-0.233,-0.243,-0.247,-0.112),校正年龄、BMI及体脂后,网膜素-1与各部位BMD相关
无显著性。逐步多元线性回归分析,总瘦重、绝经年限及雌激素是总体及各部位骨密度的独立相关因素,其变化分
别可以解释12.2%~13.7%,6.9%~13.1%,0.9%~1.7%的变异。血清脂联素是腰椎、总髋及总体骨密度的独立相关因素。
结论：绝经后女性血清网膜素-1与各部位及总体骨密度无显著相关;雌激素、绝经年限、瘦重是绝经后女性各部位
及总体骨密度的独立预测因子。血清脂联素是腰椎、总髋及总体骨密度的独立预测因子。     

骨髓间充质干细胞成神经分化中的FTH1基因表达

目的 明确骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)成神经分化对细胞内铁蛋白重链(ferritin heavy chain 1,FTH1)基因表达的影响,探讨FTH1报告基因成像检测定向分化细胞的可行性.方法 以慢病毒为载体将FTH1基因转入MSCs中,利用全反式维甲酸和神经细胞诱导液对其诱导分化,Western blot检测分化前后细胞内FTH1的表达,MRI观察细胞T2WI信号变化,普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜检测细胞内FTH1表达所引起的聚铁效应.结果 携带FTH1基因的MSCs(MSCs-FTH1)成功分化为神经元样细胞(Neurons-FTH1).Western blot检测显示MSCs-FTH1及Neurons-FTH1细胞中FTH1均明显表达;在500 μmol/L枸橼酸铁铵的培养条件下,两种细胞MRI检查均发现T2WI信号明显降低;普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜证实细胞内较多铁颗粒聚集.结论 MSCs成神经分化对细胞内FTH1基因的表达无明显影响,基于FTH1的MRI报告基因成像可用于MSCs神经分化后的检测.     

Serum aluminium concentration and aluminium deposits in bone in patients receiving haemodialysis

Serum aluminium concentrations and biopsy specimens of bone were examined in 56 patients with end stage chronic renal failure receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Deposits of aluminium in bone specimens were often associated with low bone formation with or without osteomalacia. Serum aluminium concentrations of greater than 3.7 mumol/l (10 micrograms/100 ml) indicated a high probability of deposits of aluminium in bone specimens, although high serum concentrations did not predict the type of renal bone disease. Biopsy of the bone is the best method of detecting aluminium intoxication of bone. A serum aluminium concentration of 3.7 mumol/l should be the threshold beyond which bone biopsy should be performed to confirm an overload of aluminium and identify histological bone changes induced by aluminium.     

LASP1下调和ferritin上调在rhBMP-2 诱导的比格犬BMSCs成骨分化中起重要作用

目的建立稳定的比格犬骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）诱导成骨分化模型;鉴定参与比格犬BMSCs细胞成骨分化过调控的
蛋白质,探讨其可能的调控机制。方法分离培养比格犬BMSCs细胞,rhBMP-2诱导细胞成骨分化7 d,基于蛋白质双向凝胶电
泳的蛋白质组学分析成骨分化组与对照组差异表达的蛋白质,对感兴趣的蛋白质LASP1、ferritin 轻链和重链表达情况用
Q-PCR、Western blot 进行验证。结果成功诱导比格犬BMSCs成骨分化;蛋白质组学分析获得rhBMP-2 诱导上调的蛋白质9
个,下调的蛋白质11 个。荧光定量PCR技术和Western blot 对LASP1 和ferritin 表达情况进行了验证,发现rhBMP-2 诱导7 d
后,LASP1 显著下调而ferritin 显著上调,与蛋白质组学结果一致。结论LASP1 在调节细胞骨架活性方面发挥重要功能,而
ferritin 是细胞铁离子稳态维持的重要分子,提示这两种蛋白质在rhBMP-2 诱导的比格犬BMSCs成骨分化过程中发挥重要
作用。