彩色多普勒超声在肝癌介入治疗中的应用进展

彩色多普勒超声是目前肝癌治疗前后最好的影像检查方法。综述了超声引导下肝癌治疗研究现状，着重介绍了射频消融，选择性门静脉联合肝动脉栓塞化疗，高强度聚焦超声，微波凝固，肝动脉分支穿刺栓塞化疗，经皮瘤内注射药物及深部冷冻方面的进展，以及彩色多普勒超声对治疗效果的监测。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合高能超声聚焦治疗晚期肝癌的疗效观察

原发性肝癌发现时大多为晚期,无手术指征,患者自然病程仅数月。非手术治疗已成为多数肝癌患者的重要治疗手段。我院自2005年开始对40例肝癌患者采用2种方法治疗:肝动脉栓塞化疗后30天继续肝动脉栓塞化疗20例(以下简称A组);动脉栓塞化疗后30天,改用高能超声聚焦治疗20例(以下简称B组),现报告如下。     

晚期肝癌患者TAE治疗对肝脏血流动力学的影响

采用彩色多普勒血流显象仪观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术（ＴＡＥ）对原发性肝癌患者肝动脉、门静脉血流速度和血流量的影响。结果显示：ＴＡＥ治疗后肝动脉血流速度、血流量在第１、第３周显著降低，术后第５周基本恢复至术前水平，随着ＴＡＥ治疗次数增加，肝动脉血流量持续减少。ＴＡＥ术后第１、第３、第５周，门静脉血流速度、血流量比术前显著增加，首次ＴＡＥ治疗导致的门静脉血流量增加并不因为ＴＡＥ次数增加而改变。作者认为，为了提高ＴＡＥ治疗效果，术后第５周左右，应再次进行肝动脉栓塞化疗，尽量增加肝癌患者ＴＡＥ治疗次数，除栓塞肝动脉外，还应对门静脉血流进行阻断     

射频消融术加肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨超声导向射频消融术(RFA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法应用超声引导下对80例原发性肝癌患者进行RFA联合TACE(治疗组)和对70例肝癌患者进行射频消融术,比较观察该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组治疗前、后肿瘤大小、血供变化及临床疗效。结果该法治疗组与单纯射频消融治疗组术后肿瘤血供消失和减少率分别为95%、70%;3个月复查彩超肿瘤缩小25%以上者分别为90%、85.7%。结论射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术是一种有效治疗肝癌的新方法。同时,彩超为实时观察肝癌血供状态,声像图变化提供重要依据,在指导治疗和判定疗效方面有重要意义。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗加电化学治疗肝癌近期疗效观察

目的 :比较无手术指征肝癌患者单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗与在肝动脉栓塞化疗基础上行电化学治疗的近期疗效。方法 :选择无手术指征的肝癌患者 59例 ,随机分为单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗组 (化疗组 )和肝动脉栓塞化疗加电化学治疗组 (化疗 电疗组 ) ,比较两种治疗方法的近期疗效。结果 :在肝动脉栓塞化疗基础上行电化学治疗在肿瘤缩小、肝区疼痛消失方面优于单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗。结论 :无手术指征肝癌患者在肝动脉栓塞化疗的基础上行电化学治疗近期疗效显著。     

彩色多普勒超声血流动力学特征对鉴别诊断原发性和转移性肝癌的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声通过血流动力学特征对原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌的鉴别价值.方法 选取60例确诊为原发性肝癌和60例转移性肝癌患者,所有患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,对比分析两者血流动力学特征的异同.结果 原发性肝癌的血流动力学参数的肝动脉直径、肝动脉峰值、门静脉流速以及肝动脉最小流速均与转移性肝癌存在明显差异,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但2组患者的肝动脉血流阻力指数差异不具统计学意义(P＞0.05).原发性肝癌内部血流信号检出率为88.3％,周边血流信号检出率为100.0％;转移性肝癌内部血流信号检出率为48.3％,周边血流信号检出率为70.0％,2组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).原发性肝癌血流特点为高速高阻型,转移性肝癌则为低速高阻型.结论 彩色多普勒超声通过血流动力学参数对原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌鉴别特异性较好,具重要临床使用价值.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗加电化学治疗肝癌近期疗效观察

目的：比较无手术指征肝癌患者单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗与在肝动脉栓塞化疗基础上行电化学治疗的近期疗效。方法：选择无手术指征的肝癌患者59例,随机分为单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗组（化疗组）和肝动脉栓塞化疗加电化学治疗组（化疗＋电疗组）,比较两种治疗方法的近期疗效。结果：在肝动脉栓塞化疗基础上行电化学治疗在肿瘤缩小、肝区疼痛消失方面优于单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗。结论：无手术指征肝癌患者在肝动脉栓塞化疗的基础上行电化学治疗近期疗效显著。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝癌介入治疗后的疗效评价

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗后的疗效评价。方法应用彩色多普勒超声观察32例原发性肝癌介入治疗前后的声像图改变及瘤体内血液动力学变化。结果本组病例均为高血供,介入治疗后瘤体有不同程度缩小,治疗前13例巨块型肝癌大小平均13 cm×12 cm,治疗后平均12 cm×9 cm;6例结节型肝癌术前大小6 cm×5 cm,术后平均4 cm×5 cm;TAE后肿瘤内部动脉血流变化明显,肿瘤血管完全消失11例,明显减少16例,减少5例。治疗前肿瘤内部动脉血流vmax(56±12)cm/s,治疗后肿瘤内部动脉血流vmax(25±12)cm/s,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05〉,介入后血液中AFP下降。结论彩色多普勒能有效评价肝癌介入治疗疗效。     

经皮肝瘤内注入无水乙醇结合TACE治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的　评估B超引导下经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇结合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的时机选择与疗效。方法　对 52例中晚期原发性肝癌采用B超引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注射无水乙醇 (PEI) +肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术 (TACE)治疗并与同期 58例单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (对照组 )比较。结果　治疗组的肿瘤缩小率、AFP下降、Karnofsky评分、0 .5年、1年累计生存率明显优于对照组。结论　PEI+TACE为中晚期原发性肝癌较好的一种综合治疗方法     

双途径介入化疗与单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗晚期肝癌的临床观察

目的研究肝动脉化疗栓塞基础上经皮经肝门静脉灌注化疗治疗晚期肝癌的疗效.方法对49例不能手术切除的晚期原发性肝癌随机分组,行单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗与在肝动脉化疗栓塞基础上加用经肝门静脉灌注化疗,对比分析.结果肝动脉化疗栓塞基础上经肝门静脉灌注化疗治疗晚期肝癌患者的半年、一年、二年、三年生存率分别为100%、76.5%、35.29%、23.53%,AFP及全身转移的发生率明显降低,与对照组有显著差异.结论肝动脉化疗栓塞基础上经肝门静脉灌注化疗治疗晚期肝癌疗效优于单纯性经肝动脉化疗栓塞.     

肝脏术中超声的临床价值

目的总结肝脏术中超声的优越性,准确诊断病变,提高原发性肝肿瘤的手术切除率。方法采用高频率５．０ＭＨｚ探头,探头置于肝表面,观察肿物大小、数量、部位与血管的关系。结果４２例原发性肝肿瘤,２９例经术中超声定位后切除肿瘤;４例术中超声发现肿物与大血管关系密切,无法切除;６例术中发现多发病灶。结论术中超声较经腹超声和术中探查敏感,其优越性为：（１）定位准确,能提高手术切除率;（２）可确定肿瘤与血管关系;（３）弥补术前影像检查的不足;（４）术中可进行肝脓肿开窗术及肝囊肿介入治疗。     

超声导向肝血管瘤内注入核素的疗效观察

分析1990年12月~1991年12月我院超声导向穿刺注射胶体~(32)P治疗肝血管瘤30例,动态观察疗效,取得满意效果,总有效率10O%.治愈率3o%,显效率53.3%,有效率16.7%.是目前临床上较为理想的治疗手段之一,优于肝叶切除或肿瘤剜出的大手术之痛苦.本疗法治疗的肝血管瘤无并发症发生,是一种简便、安全、可靠的治疗方法.     

射频消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗及盐酸注射治疗肝癌

目的 探讨射频消融(RFA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及盐酸治疗不能手术切除的肝癌的效果.方法 尉40例肝癌应用RFA联合TACE及盐酸治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 原发性肝癌(PHT)30例,转移性肝癌(MPT)10例.治疗后影像学显示病灶好转或稳定39例.盐酸破坏30例中治疗前甲胎蛋白阳性26例,术后降至正常26例.未发生严重并发症.结论 RFA联合TACE及盐酸破坏肿瘤系安全、可耐受、有效的新的综合治疗方法,可提高不能切除的肝癌的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of radio frequency ablation (RFA) combined with transcatherterarterial chemo embolization (TACE) and percutaneous puncture hydrochloric acid injection(PHI) for hepatic tumors unable to resection. Methods The clinical data of 40 cases of patients with unable resection liver cancer (URLC) treated by RFA combined with TACE and PEI were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 30 cases of primary hepatic tumor(PHT) and 10 cases of metastasis hepatic tumor(MPT) , in this series. Examination of ultrasound, CT and MRI showed the tumors shrink or steady in 39 patients.Among 30 patients with damage by ethanol, 18 cases were AFP positive before treatment and 16 cases of them AFP decreased to normal level after operation. No severe complication was seen in the series. Conclusion RFA combined with TACE and PEI is a safe, well tolerable and effective method for hepatic cancer, and may improve the treatment efficacy of URLC.     

CT引导经皮微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞治疗肝癌的临床疗效

目的:观察CT引导下微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞对肝癌的治疗效果。方法:以2011年3月至2015年6月在我院接受治疗的肝癌患者为观察对象。根据其治疗方式分为肝动脉栓塞组（40例）和联合治疗组（45例）,其中肝动脉栓塞组给予单纯肝动脉栓塞,联合治疗组给予肝动脉栓塞联合CT引导下肝癌微波消融。观察两组患者的治疗效果,比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能水平和生存率的差异。结果:联合治疗组治疗有效率明显高于肝动脉栓塞组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前的谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和结合胆红素（DBIL）等指标水平无明显差异,治疗后,两组患者的上述指标均较治疗前降低,且联合治疗组降低更明显（P＜0.05）;联合治疗组1年、2年和3年生存率均高于肝动脉栓塞组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:CT引导下微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞对肝癌有较好的治疗效果,可明显改善患者肝功能,提高其远期生存率。     

肝动脉栓寒术治疗原发性肝癌的初步报告

Twenty patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) treated by hepatic arterial embolization in our department from Dec. 1986 to Mar. 1987 are reported. There were 15 males and 5 females. The ages ranged from 34 to 75 years with an average of 50.7. Preoperative diagnosis and localization of the tumor were done by AFP, B-us, CT and angiography (right lobe 15 cases, left lobe 1 case, both lobes 4 cases). Celiac and superior mesenteric angiography was carried out by femoral artery approach and then highly selective hepatic catheterization was utilized for hepatic arterial embolization. Antitumor agent (5-Fu, adriamycin), iophendylate and foamy gel sponge were used for peripheral and proximal embolization. Manifestations were improved in most of the patients after embolization, such as relief of abdominal pain, improvement of appetite, decrease of tumor size. Total necrosis of the tumor was found in 2 patients who underwent surgery 1 month after embolization. The side effects of the posthepatic embolization such as, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever could be relieved by symptomatic treatment. No severe complications, such as gangrene of the gall bladder, hepatic failure, liver abscess, intestinal necrosis or pulmonary embolization were found except 3 patients who died of renal failure after the procedure. The liver dys-function returned to normal within 2 weeks. Hepatic arterial embolization provides an alternative treatment for the patients with PHC who has compensated liver function without severe systemic diseases, especially renal endocrine problems and severe portal hypertension. They should have patent portal system as proved by angiography. The authors considered that this therapeutic embolization with hepatic chemotherapy infusion is safe and effective in the management of PHC. It may increase the resectability and provide palliative means for the advanced and terminal cases.     

超声造影在肝脏良恶性占位病变诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨实时超声造影对腹部良恶性占位病变的诊断价值。方法:对207例肝脏占位性病变进行实时超声造影研究,所有病例均经手术或其它影像学检查方法证实。结果:92例肝细胞性肝癌中71例表现为典型"快进快退",8例表现为"快进慢退",9例表现为"慢进快退",4例表现为"慢进慢出";29例转移性肝癌病灶分为少血供转移癌组13例,表现为动脉相呈环形高增强,门脉相及延迟相呈低增强;多血管转移癌组16例表现为动脉相呈完全高增强,门脉相及延迟相呈低增强。37例肝血管瘤中25个动脉相表现为向心性环形结节状高增强;局造性结节增生表现为中央扩散型快速整体增强,部分病例显示为轮辐状高增强;肝硬化增生结节的造影增强特征与肝实质一致。结论:实时超声造影能显示肿瘤内微小血管的血流灌注情况,对肝脏良恶性占位病变的定性诊断具有重要的参考价值。     

微小肝癌的诊断和处理

通过通肝脏实质性小占位的临床研究，探讨微不肝癌的诊断及处理原则。方法１９８３－１９９６年２８例结节直径≤２ｃｍ的肝脏实质性小占位病变，共３４个病灶。首诊后行手术切列，１９９个病灶；ＴＡＥ治疗６例，７个病灶；首诊后未治行ＡＦＰ＋Ｂ眼随访８例。     

Haemoperitoneum due to spontaneous rupture of hepatic haemangiomatosis: Treatment by superselective arterial embolization and partial hepatectomy

A case is reported of a 36 year old woman with haemoperitoneum due to spontaneous rupture of hepatic haemangiomatosis. Computed tomography showed a subcapsular hepatic mass in the posterior segment of the right hemiliver (subsegment 7) containing a fluid-fluid level. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted a subcapsular hepatic mass displaying an internal fluid-fluid level suggestive of haematoma. Hepatic angiography showed an intense arterial blush in the area of the subsegment 7 and permitted a subsequent and temporarily effective superselective transcatheter embolization of the subsegmental arterial branch for subsegment 7. Because of a recurrence of intraperitoneal haemorrhage 15 days after the first embolization, a new selective hepatic artery embolization was performed. However, intraperitoneal haemorrhage recurred 10 days after the second embolization, and the patient underwent resection of the posterior segments of the right hemiliver (subsegments 6 and 7). This case suggests that superselective arterial embolization, when used alone, does not provide a permanent treatment of haemoperitoneum due to spontaneous rupture of hepatic haemangiomatosis. However, this technique seems to be useful in avoiding an emergency surgery, allowing a planned hepatic resection.     

超声造影在局灶性脂肪肝与肝脏良性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影在局灶性脂肪肝与肝脏良性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:收集在我院手术或行肝脏穿刺组织病理检查确诊的肝脏良性肿瘤及局灶性脂肪肝共患者156例(156个主要病灶),均有完整病史、常规超声、超声造影检查,病理结果,回顾性分析超声及超声造影检查结果.结果:超声造影检查对局灶性脂肪肝与肝脏良性肿瘤诊断的灵敏度为82.61%、特异度为92.73%、阳性预测值为82.61%、诊断准确率为89.74%,明显高于常规超声检查的63.04%、82.73%、60.42%、76.92%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);局灶性脂肪肝的46个病灶表现为与肝组织同步增强及消退,肝血管瘤、肝脏腺瘤、肝局限性结节增生在动脉相、门脉相时表现各有不同.结论:超声造影用于局灶性脂肪肝及肝脏良性肿瘤诊断时灵敏度及特异度均明显高于常规超声检查,可根据动脉相及门脉相的表现对局灶性脂肪肝与肝脏良性肿瘤进行鉴别诊断.     

Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization followed by hepatic resection for the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma

In three cases of the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma, emergent transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization was performed for controlling the intraperitoneal hemorrhage. No more transfusions were required after embolization. Operation was carried out on the 10th, 5th, and 5th day, respectively, after liver function studies returned to the pre-embolization level. Hepatic resection of left hemi-hepatectomy was performed in Case 1, and segmentectomy in Case 2 and Case 3 each. Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization followed by hepatic resection is a rational treatment in the management of the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.