Pathophysiological Characteristics of Phlegm-stasis Cementation Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: a Review and Update

The pathophysiological characteristics of Phlegm-stasis Cementation Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has been summarized in this article. According to epidemiological investigations, phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome has become a dominant syndrome in CHD along with the improvement in living and dietary condition. The interaction between blood stasis and phlegm turbidity that is called Phlegmstasis Cementation Syndrome exists in CHD and other diseases. The bridge linked blood stasis and phlegm turbidity lies in the adversely effects of lipid metabolism disorder on platelet activation, vascular function and hemorheology indexes. Lipid metabolism disorder also can induce persistent inflammation including monocyte/macrophage activation and oxidative stress. Inflammation also is an important stimulating factor for atherosclerosis and the biology that underlies the complications of CHD, which belonged to the concept of “toxin” in Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). On the other hand, the important function of inflammatory process on abnormal hemorheology, platelet activation and vascular dysfunction can be used to elucidate the basic pathogenetic condition of the toxin inducing blood stasis in TCM. Therefore, it is this pathological process that can be used to address the basic pathogenetic theory of phlegm turbidity inducing the symptom of toxin and blood stasis, and subsequently phlegm-stasis cementation in TCM. We deduced that lipid metabolic disturbance, inflammation activation, vascular dyfunction and hemorheological disorders could be as pathophysiological characteristics of Phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.     

LECTURES ON ACUPUNCTURE：Part Ⅰ Clinical Acupuncture Lecture Twenty-Four ＂XIONGBI＂ （CHEST PAIN） SYNDROME

“Xiongbi“ chest (or precordial) pain with stuffiness, or chest pain syndrome is referred to choking pain in the chest due to stagnation of chest -yang, failure of qi and blood in warming and nourishing the local meridians. It is usually caused by stagnation of dampness and phlegm in the interior, or by insufficiency of qi and blood stasis, leading to impeded flow of qi and blood in the heart vessels. Its pathological characteristics are deficiency (chest-yang) in origin and excess (i.e., qi stagnation) in superficiality. The therapeutic principles are promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, getting rid of blockage and dredging the passages of yang-qi.     

Acupuncture Treatment for 35 Cases of Urticaria

In TCM it is held that urticaria is mostly due to weak constitution with deficiency of qi and blood, or prolonged illness that causes consumption of qi and blood. Such constitution can result in formation of wind due to blood deficiency, and intemal-extemal lack of resistance due to qi-deficiency, which gives chances to pathogenic wind to invade the body, hence the occurrence of urticaria. Therefore, this disease is a complicated one with deficiency in the origin and excessiveness of pathogen. The Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of Guanganmen Hospital has adopted acupuncture treatment for this disease through treating both the incidental and fundamental simultaneously, and obtained quite good clinical therapeutic effects as is summarized in the following.     

Qiming granule in treating type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a chronic renal microvascular complication associated with abnormal glucose metabolism.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis(the name of TCM symptoms,its main clinical features are fatigue,dry mouth,red or pale tongue,weak pulse,etc.)is the primary TCM syndrome of DKD,and Qiming granule(QMG)is suitable for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis syndrome.In view of this,we designed a randomized controlled trial to assess whether QMG is efficacious and safe in treating DKD patients.Methods:This protocol is for a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel group,six-centre clinical trial.A total of 180 participants will be randomized into the QMG group or placebo group,with a 1:1 ratio.The study will last for 50 weeks,including a 2-week run-in period,24 weeks of intervention,and 24 weeks of follow-up.The experimental intervention will be QMG,and the control intervention will be a placebo.The primary outcome will be the 24h urinary albumin excretion ratio and the change in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio.The secondary outcome will be evaluation of renal function,fundus changes,management of blood lipids,TCM symptom improvement and safety assessments.Adverse events will be recorded during the trial.Discussion:This study is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and safety of QMG for DKD patients.The findings of this study will help to provide evidence-based recommendations in treating DKD patients.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-TRC-12002953.Registered 23 December 2012.     

Effect of Yinian Jiangya Yin on primary hypertension in early stage--a clinical observation on 40 patients

Objective： To observe the effect of Yinian Jiangya Yin （Decoction for lowering blood pressure to prolong life） on patients with early hypertension and its mechanism on the function of vascular endotheliocytes. Methods： The 79 patients with early primary hypertension belonging to the TCM syndrome of stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis in meridians and hyperactivity of the liver-yang were randomly divided into a treatment group of 40 patients treated with Yinian Jiangya Yin and a control group of 39 patients treated with Tianma Gouteng Yin （Decoction of Gastrodia and Uncaria）. The changes in score of TCM syndrome and in blood pressure before and after treatment were observed in the two groups. The contents of nitrogen monoxide （NO） and endothelin （ET） in serum after treatment were determined. Results： There was a statistical difference （P〈0.05） in score of TCM syndrome, effect of lowering blood pressure, and the contents of ET and NO in serum after treatment between the two groups. Conclusion： The effect of Yinian Jiangya Yin on improving TCM syndrome of patients with primary hypertension in early stage and on lowering blood pressure may be related to its regulating the imbalanced condition between ET and NO for restoring the function of endothelium-dependent vasodilation.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel （GV）. TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction （益肾强督汤） prescribed.     

肾性血尿中医病机辨治探讨

Renal hematuria, long course of disease, pathogenesis is complicated. The occurrence of renal hematuria with hot and humid, kidney deficiency, blood stasis, pathogenic wind, and many other factors related to disease mainly related to the kidney and urinary bladder, and lung, spleen, heart, collaterals, and so on. Its pathogenesis based on spleen and kidney deficiency, humid heat and blood stasis, for standard, factors. When a variety of reasons cause renal collaterals injury or blood row is in error, it could cause blood in the urine. Chinese herbal medicine has better curative effect for renal hematuria treat- ment, in pathogenesis of Traditional Chinese Medicine to guide clinical medication, complement the principle of syndrome differ- entiation of TCM.     

汉英常用中医药词汇(4)

肝属木 The liver corresponds to wood,according to the theory,of the Five Evolutive Phases.肝主疏泄 The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating the tlow of vital energy and blood.Eitherinsufficiency of this function or its excessiveness is pathological.肝开窍于目 The liver has its specific body opening in the eyes,normal eycsight depends upon properfunctioning of the liver.     

ACUPUNCTURE TREATING 32 CASES OF MUSCULUS QUADRICEPS FEMORIS INJURY CAUSED BY QUINIMAX

Quinimax injection causes side effect characterized by pain and atrophy in mus-culus quadriceps femoris.Pain predominates in acute stage and corresponds to the Bi Syndrome,whileatrophy is seen in chronic stage,and refers to the Wei Syndrome.The pain should be treated by acti-vating Qi and blood circulation.The atrophy should be treated on the principle of tonifying blood andnourishing tendons.The points of the stomach moridian are mostly selected for the treatment purposebecause they are abundant in Qi and blood.My try is successful.The cured rate is 61.76% and all 34diseased lower extremities are improved.     

糖尿病周围神经病变患者中医证型调查分析

目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病变患者中医证型分布规律,为糖尿病周围神经病变的中医辨证分型提供依据。方法:研究对象为本院2013年1月—2014年12月收治的糖尿病周围神经病变患者147例,对所有患者进行中医辨证分型,按照统计学方法,探讨该病的证型分布规律。结果:147例糖尿病周围神经病患者平均年龄为(64.03±8.06)岁,老年人发病率较高,尤以60岁以上的发病率高。男女发病比例为1∶1.53,糖尿病病程在0~10 a者最多。本病各证型出现比例为:阳虚寒凝血瘀证气虚血瘀证气阴两虚血瘀证痰瘀阻络证肝肾亏虚证阴虚血瘀证。结论:糖尿病周围神经病多发生于老年人,与糖尿病病程关系并不密切,辨证多以阳虚寒凝血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、气阴两虚血瘀证较为多见,血瘀贯穿糖尿病周围神经病变的始终。     

早搏合并症中医证型规律性研究

目的探讨经心电图或动态心电图确诊的早搏患者中医证型的相关规律性,为早搏的中医证型研究提供循证医学依据。方法观察早搏患者各中医证型分布情况,分析高血压病、冠心病、房早、室早与早搏中医证型的关系。结果气血亏虚证最多见,依次为心阴不足证、痰火扰心证、心血瘀阻证、心阳不振证、水气凌心证。合并高血压病的早搏患者痰火扰心证高于其他证型,提示高血压病可能与此证型有相关性;合并冠心病的早搏患者中气血亏虚证最为多见,其次为心血瘀阻证、痰火扰心证;未合高血压病、冠心病的早搏患者气血亏虚证和心阴不足证最多。房早以心阴不足证最常见,而室早以痰火扰心证、心血瘀阻证最为常见。结论从早搏合并症探讨中医证型研究有规律性可寻。     

脑血辨证脑病证候与中风病证候的对比分析

脑血辨证是王新陆教授提出的一种以脑血为主轴，针对“现代病”、“富贵痛”等，尤其是中医脑病、血病新的辨证体系。该理论的提出为脑病的临床证治和研究奠定了理论基础，对中医脑病学的发展具有深远的指导意义。本文通过脑血辨证脑病证候与中风病证候的比较，试图验证脑血辨证脑病证候对中风病证候的良好适用性，为中风病的诊治提供新的理论和方法。     

高血压病中医辨证分析

目的 探讨高血压病中医各证型与血瘀证的关系。方法 对７０例高血压病Ⅱ期患者进行中医辩证分型,并根据血瘀证定量诊断标准,分别统计血瘀证与非血瘀证在各中医证型中的分布频率,及中医证型在血瘀证及非血瘀证组中的分布频率。结果 高血压病Ⅱ期各型构成依次为阴虚阳亢（４０％）→痰湿壅盛（３０％）→阴阳两虚（１８．６％）→肝火亢盛（１１．４％）。中医证型分布频率,在瘀血证组阴虚阳亢证和痰湿壅盛证显著高于肝火亢盛证     

代谢综合征178例辨证分型及相关性研究

目的:研究代谢综合征(MS)患者的中医辨证分型与体重指数、瘦素等指标的相关性。方法:收集178例代谢综合征病人的临床资料,辨证分为4种证型:气滞湿阻证、痰瘀互地证、气阴两虚证、脾肾气虚证,对相关资料进行研究。结果:气滞湿阻型及痰瘀互结型患者所占比例明显高于其他两个证型,其他两证所占比例相似。痰瘀互结证的腹围及体重指数明显高于其他三证,而气滞湿阻证又高于气阴两虚证及脾肾气虚证。气滞湿阻证和痰瘀互结证的TC、LDL-C、INS、2hINS和瘦素均明显高于其他二证。结论:气滞湿阻型及痰瘀互结型患者所占比例明显高于其他两个证型。气滞湿阻证和痰瘀互结证的胆固醇升高更为明显,胰岛素抵抗更加严重,且由脂肪细胞分泌的瘦素升高更多。     

基于少阴热化证浅析水热互结型狼疮肾炎

对于本文所述水热互结型狼疮肾炎,是以普遍认可的《金匮要略》中的"阳毒"为基础的一种分型,既往中医与本文所述相关疾病有很多,如"肾痹""赤丹"等,但少有人从六经辨证的角度去分析该病.现代中医对于狼疮肾炎有多种辨证方法.其中脏腑辨证多认为该病根源在肾,气血津液辨证多认为由热毒侵入血分所致,八纲辨证多认为该病以阴虚为主.而本...     

瘀血致燥探析

中医学将燥证分为内燥和外燥两个方面。"瘀血致燥"有很深的理论渊源,瘀血内停,阻滞气机,气不布津亦可形成燥证。在临床实践和实验研究中,也提示了瘀血对于燥证形成的主导作用。文章阐述了瘀血和燥证之间的病理相互影响,对临床治疗学有积极的指导意义。     

浅析温病热毒血瘀证病机及其治法

温病热毒血瘀证是温病发展到营血分阶段时的一种常见证候类型.热邪深入营血分,化火成毒,灼伤阴液,炼熬血液,脏腑脉络受损均可导致热瘀胶结的病理状态,阴液耗伤是温病热毒血瘀证的主要病机.治疗上必须抓住阴伤这个关键因素,养阴生津是其必用的重要治法.     

脑血辨证之脑病证候与不寐病证候的对比分析

脑血辨证是针对中医脑病所创制的一种新的辨证体系。该理论基于当代病因学的特点,为脑病的临床证治和研究提供了新的理论指导,对中医脑病学的发展具有深远的理论指导意义。旨在通过脑血辨证脑病证候与不寐病证候的比较,验证脑血辨证脑病证候对不寐病证候的适用性。结果:脑血辨证之脑病证候对不寐病具有较好的适用性。运用此证候分类能准确实现对不寐病的证候判别,其辨证思路清晰,规范化强,易于掌握,错诊率低。     

基于相关指南浅析糖尿病肾脏病高血压中医分期分型论治

以现代医学指南对糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)患者最佳血压靶标的共识为降压目标,探究中医相关指南关于糖尿病、糖尿病肾病、高血压等疾病的病因病机及证候分型,并结合临床实践经验,提出糖尿病肾脏病高血压早中晚期证候分型思路:早期肝火上炎证,阴虚阳亢证;中期瘀血内阻证,痰湿内阻证;晚期肾络风动证,脾肾阳虚证.并对相关中药的升压作用进行...