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Questionnaires are one of the most commonly used tools for data collection in clinical research. Despite its simplicity and convenience of use, the design of questionnaire instruments that accurately measure health status and their determinants is nevertheless a difficult and challenging task.We review the two most important issues which are reliability and validity. Reliability can be defined as the degree to which a measure gives 'consistent' or 'reproducible' values when applied in different situations. Validity refers to the extent in which the true value of a variable is correctly measured by the instrument. For different types of questionnaire measurement instruments, specific issues of content, construct and criterion validity should be appropriately addressed. Accuracy in questionnaire-based measurement in clinical studies is achieved by paying attention to the relevant specific issues of reliability and validity during development and testing of such questionnaires. 相似文献
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本文根据实践经验,阐述了中小医疗机构建设医院信息管理系统的主要过程步骤,以及在具体实施过程中该注意的一些问题与解决方法. 相似文献
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Shobha Phansalkar Judy Edworthy Elizabeth Hellier Diane L Seger Angela Schedlbauer Anthony J Avery David W Bates 《J Am Med Inform Assoc》2010,17(5):493-501
The objective of this review is to describe the implementation of human factors principles for the design of alerts in clinical information systems. First, we conduct a review of alarm systems to identify human factors principles that are employed in the design and implementation of alerts. Second, we review the medical informatics literature to provide examples of the implementation of human factors principles in current clinical information systems using alerts to provide medication decision support. Last, we suggest actionable recommendations for delivering effective clinical decision support using alerts. A review of studies from the medical informatics literature suggests that many basic human factors principles are not followed, possibly contributing to the lack of acceptance of alerts in clinical information systems. We evaluate the limitations of current alerting philosophies and provide recommendations for improving acceptance of alerts by incorporating human factors principles in their design. 相似文献
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There is a persistent view of a significant minority in the medical informatics community that the randomized controlled trial (RCT) has a limited role to play in evaluating clinical information systems. A common reason voiced by skeptics is that these systems are fundamentally different from drug interventions, so the RCT is irrelevant. There is an urgent need to promote the use of RCTs, given the shift to evidence-based policy and the need to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of these systems. The authors suggest returning to first principles and argue that what is required is clarity about how to match methods to evaluation questions. The authors address common concerns about RCTs, and the extent to which they are fallacious, and also discuss the challenges of conducting RCTs in informatics and alternative study designs when randomized trials are infeasible. While neither a perfect nor universal evaluation method, RCTs form an important part of an evaluator's toolkit. 相似文献
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H. -J. Seelos 《Journal of medical systems》1992,16(4):171-175
In particular for educational needs the paper proposes a paradigm of the science of medical information systems, what a comprehensive health care informatics is. 相似文献
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全国临床科研设计专题研讨会纪要 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了进一步提高广大临床医学工作者临床科研设计的水平,缩小我国临床医学研究与国际水平之间的差距,提高我国临床医学研究论文的质量,促进我国临床医学的发展,中华医学会临床流行病学学会、中国临床流行病学协作网和中华医学杂志编辑委员会于1998年7月9~11日... 相似文献
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目的建立肿瘤医院电子病案的临床辅助决策系统和其他业务分析工具。方法分析肿瘤疾病和治疗过程的特点,以及临床业务分析的需要,提出与“病人一住院次”平行的“病人一治疗次”电子病案结构,设计实现这种双重结构的病历书写模版。结果在此结构基础上利用数据仓库工具建立临床辅助决策演示系统,包括治疗路径决策和治疗方案决策。结论建立临床辅助决策系统的关键是电子病案提供符合临床逻辑的结构和数据。 相似文献
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医学电阻抗成像系统电极结构优化设计 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 研究医学电阻抗成像(EIT)系统电极结构对敏感场分布的影响。方法 设计一个具有边界强制等热点的有限元模型。通过仿真,分析了复合电极宽度对敏感场分布的影响。并进一步对不同激厉模式,敏感电极的结构尺寸进行了定量的优化设计。结果 当电极覆盖比率为57.1%时,效果最优。结论 进行电极优化设计时,其场分布的均匀性、敏度与电极覆盖率应综合考虑。 相似文献
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医院感染监测管理网络信息系统的研究与开发 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的:开发医院感染管理的信息化软件,探索应用信息化的手段,实现医院感染管理的自动化、程序化,重点加强医院感染的前瞻性监测及环节质量控制,实现抗菌药物的合理应用的分线管理及围手术期用药的疗程控制。方法:利用大型数据库SQL Server 2000和先进的开发工具Delphi 7.0成功地开发了一套功能强大的医院感染监测计算机网络信息管理系统。包括:《医院感染高危因素查询》、《医院感染病例监测系统》、《抗菌药物分线管理及围手术期应用监测系统》及《HIS系统接口程序》等9个子系统。结果:该套系统可在医院范围内将检验科、医院感染管理科、住院部科室等医院感染发生与监测相关科室组建成一个医院感染监控网,实现全院范围内的数据共享和通讯。结论:这套信息系统实现了医院感染监测管理信息化的前瞻性管理及环节过程监控,有效监控和干预了医院感染发生的高危因素,及时监控耐药菌在医院内传播和流行,预防医院感染的暴发和流行,极大地提高了医院感染管理专职人员的工作效率和工作质量,具备实用和推广价值。 相似文献
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