PC-3细胞中雄激素受体突变体的表达和转录激活功能的研究

目的:探讨不同时间点移植骨髓单个核细胞(bone marrow mononuclear cells,BMMCs)对心肌梗死后的心功能的影响.方法:取成年雄性近交系Wistar大鼠股骨和胫骨,常规抽取骨髓,分离制备BMMCs悬液.将成年雄性近交系Wistar大鼠64只随机分为空白对照组(组Ⅰ,n=10)、梗死对照组(组Ⅱ,n=18)、即刻移植组(组Ⅲ,n=18)和两周移植组(组Ⅳ,n=18).用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立大鼠心肌梗死模型,在建模后即刻和2周分别将10μl BMMCs液(6×106个细胞)植入组Ⅲ和组Ⅳ的梗死周边区,组Ⅱ于建模后14 d植入等量的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS).用心脏超声和血流动力学检查观察细胞移植后4周的心脏功能改变.结果:骨髓单个核细胞移植4周后,与组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ相比,组Ⅳ左室功能重建指标[左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室前壁厚度(LVAWT)]和血流动力学检查指标[左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)和左室舒张压力时间变化最大速率±dp/dtmax]均明显改善(P＜0.05);而组Ⅱ、Ⅲ间上述指标相比无显著差异.结论:心肌梗死后2周骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗效果优于即刻移植,可能是由于在心肌梗死后1周时炎症反应最重,而2周时逐渐减弱.     

大鼠骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病

目的:研究大鼠骨髓单个核细胞(mononuclear bone marrow cells,MBMCs)移植对扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomy-opathy,DCM)大鼠心肌修复的作用.方法:无菌条件下取成年雄性近交系Wistar大鼠股骨和胫骨,常规抽取骨髓,分离制备MBMCs悬液.对72只成年雄性近交系Wistar大鼠皮下注射大剂量异丙肾上腺素(170 mg/kg,1次/d,连续2 d),建立DCM模型.造模成功(注射后2周)后将大鼠随机分成移植组(n=24)、对照组(n=24)和假手术组(n=24),开胸,直视下在左心室前壁行心肌注射.移植组注射4',6二乙酰基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)标记的MBMCs悬液10μl(含5×106个细胞);对照组注射等量PBS溶液;假手术组仅开胸和关胸.于移植后4周,分组进行超声心动图、血流动力学检测,并取注射部位心肌组织进行免疫荧光、免疫组化及透射电镜检查.结果:移植的MBMCs能在心肌坏死区内存活并形成肌样组织及新生血管,结蛋白排列接近正常,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)检测阳性;透射电镜下可见不成熟的心肌细胞.与对照组和假手术组比较,移植组左室收缩和舒张末容积(LVEDV、LVESV)减小(P＜0.01),短轴缩短率(FS)和射血分数(EF)增大(P＜0.01);左室收缩压(LVSP)、压力速率最大值及最小值(±dp/dt)明显升高(P＜0.01),而左室舒张末压(LVEDP)显著下降(P＜0.01).对照组和假手术组间无显著性差异.结论:MBMCs移植可有效防止DCM心室腔扩大,促进血管和心肌再生,修复受损心肌,并改善心功能.     

成熟自体心肌细胞移植到心肌梗死区的实验研究

目的:研究成年兔左心耳心肌细胞自体移植到梗死区心肌后的存活情况,及其对周围血供、心律的影响,和对左室功能的改善情况.方法:将成年兔随机分为移植组(n=8)和对照组(n=8),所有成年兔均结扎的冠状动脉前降支,建立心肌梗死模型.4周后获取自体左心耳组织,急性消化分离为单细胞后经DAPI标记后,分别将细胞悬液和培养基注射到移植组和对照组梗死区内.4周后行心电图及超声心动图检查,并取移植区组织进行组织学观察.结果:移植4周后移植组与对照组兔子全部存活.心电图检查显示,移植组心率高于对照组(P＜0.05),未见异位心律.超声心动图检查提示,至移植后第4周,移植组左室功能优于对照组.心肌组织切片见对照组梗死区内为典型心梗后改变,移植组梗死区内有"细胞岛"形成,荧光检测证明移植的心耳肌细胞在移植区存活.结论:急性分离的自体左心耳心肌细胞移植到梗死区心肌内可以存活并能够改善左室功能.     

同种异体骨髓单个核细胞移植对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心室重构的影响

目的:探讨大鼠同种异体骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNCs)急性心肌梗死区内移植对左室重构的影响.方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为假手术组(8只)、对照组(12只)、移植组(12只).假手术组单纯开胸但不结扎冠状动脉;对照组和移植组用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立大鼠心肌梗死模型,分别将制备的培养基和同种异体BM-MNCs悬液心外膜下植入对照组和移植组梗死心肌周围.移植术后4周,超声心动图及血流动力学检查评价左室形态及左室功能,并观察梗死区心肌内移植的BM-MNCs及其周边组织的形态学特点.结果:移植术后4周,与假手术组相比,对照组及移植组左室收缩末期内径(LVEDs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和左室舒张末压(LVEDP)均升高(P＜0.01),左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压最大上升速率( dp/dtmax)和左室压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)均降低(P＜0.01).移植组LVEDs、LVEDd和LVEDP低于对照组(P＜0.01),LVEF、LVFS、 dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax高于对照组(P＜0.01).免疫组织化学检查证实移植组心肌梗死区内有BrdU标记阳性的BM-MNCs移植细胞存活.结论:同种异体BM-MNCs移植可以减轻左室重构,改善急性心肌梗死后的心脏功能.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对心肌梗死大鼠损伤心肌的修复效果

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植对心肌梗死大鼠损伤心肌的修复效果,为进一步提高BMSCs移植治疗心肌梗死的疗效提供实验依据.方法 将22只大鼠参照Olivette方法制作心肌梗死模型,共16只进入实验终点,随机分为2组:对照组(C组,n=8)梗死区注射P BS;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组(M组,n=8)梗死区注射BMSCs.术后喂养4周,行心脏彩超,取心脏组织,荧光显微镜观察BMSCs的分布、分化及梗死区毛细血管密度.结果 标记CM-Dil和cTnT免疫组织化学染色双重阳性的心肌样细胞在梗死区分布.与C组相比,M组大鼠左室收缩末期内径(LVEDd)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDs)、射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)均有明显改善(P＜0.05),毛细血管密度明显增加(P＜0.05).结论 BMSCs可在心肌梗死的大鼠心脏分化为心肌样细胞,提高梗死区毛细血管密度,改善心功能.     

Y染色体追踪大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞心肌移植的实验研究

目的 利用Y染色体检测雄性大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植到雌性大鼠心肌梗死模型中的存活情况。方法 采用全骨髓贴壁筛选法体外培养雄性大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞作为移植细胞,选取80只雌性大鼠通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备心肌梗死模型,其中45只成功建立模型。成模后2周按以下分组进行细胞移植：将模型动物随机分为心外膜直接注射MSCs组(A组,n=15)、经静脉移植MSCs组(B组,n=15)和经静脉注射等量DMEM培养液组(C组,n=15),通过实时定量PCR检测雄性大鼠Y染色体特有的SRY基因,观察移植后1d、1周、2周及3周时MSCs在梗死心肌的存活情况。结果 经心外膜直接注射组和经静脉移植组通过PCR均可检测出SRY基因的存在,移植后两组的心功能得到明显的改善(P<0.05)。结论 MSCs经心外膜和静脉移植均可分布于心肌梗死周围区域,对梗死后大鼠的心脏具有保护作用。     

同种异体骨髓单个核细胞移植对急性心肌梗死后大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响

目的:探讨大鼠同种异体骨髓单个核细胞(bone marrow mononuclear cells,BM-MNCs)急性心肌梗死区内移植对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响.方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠24只,用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立大鼠心肌梗死模型后,分别将制备的培养基(对照组)和BM-MNCs悬液(移植组)由心外膜下植入梗死心肌周围.移植术后4周,超声心动图评价左室形态及功能,采用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测心肌细胞中Bcl-2、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达水平,同时观察梗死区心肌内移植BM-MNCs及其周边区组织形态学特点.结果:移植术后4周,移植组左室收缩末期内径和左室舒张末期内径明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).TUNEL结果显示:移植组心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).免疫组化结果显示:与对照组相比,移植组心肌细胞中Bcl-2蛋白平均光密度值显著升高(P＜0.05),Fas、FasL蛋白平均光密度值显著降低(P＜0.05),同时观察到移植组心肌梗死区内有BrdU标记阳性的BM-MNCs移植细胞存活.结论:同种异体BM-MNCs移植可以抑制心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡的发生,改善急性心肌梗死后的心脏功能,其机制可能与其调节Bcl-2、Fas、FasL的表达有关.     

大鼠急性心肌梗死后心功能变化及病理演变的试验研究

目的 探讨大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心功能变化和病理演变规律及其对心肌梗死干细胞移植治疗的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机分为假手术0周组(SH 0周组,n=1 0)、MI 2周组(MI 2周组,n=10)、MI 4周组(MI 4周组,n=1 0)、MI 8周组(MI 8周组,n=10).结扎冠状动脉左前降支制作大鼠急性MI模型,分别于术后观察期满,用超声评价心脏结构和左心导管检测血流动力学改变,并取心脏组织行HE染色,观察心肌病理改变.假手术组仅开胸并在左前降支下过线.结果 MI2周后与假手术0周组相比,大鼠左心室舒张末压明显增高(LVEDP 1 9.75±7.1 8 mmHg v s 2.1 0±1.26 mmHg,P＜0.01),左心室内压力最大上升速率明显减慢( dp/dtmax 4.11±0.74 mmHg/ms vs 6.20±0.70 mmHg/ms,P＜0.01),最大下降速率亦显著减慢(-dp/dtmax 3.54±0.55 mmHg/ms v s 5.82±0.54 mmHg/ms,P＜0.01).MI 4周时上述改变更明显,但MI 8周时心功能未进一步恶化.超声见心脏结构变化与血流动力学改变相一致.HE染色观察梗死后12 h梗死区弥漫的中性多形核细胞浸润,在2周时达到高峰,4周后基本消退.结论本研究显示大鼠梗死后其炎症反应高峰2周时出现,4周后基本完成梗死后修复过程,其演变规律可能对AMI干细胞治疗效果有影响.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对猪急性心肌梗死再灌注后心功能的影响

目的 初步观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植后在心梗区存活并分化为心肌细胞的情况,探讨MSCs经冠脉移植对急性心肌梗死后心功能的影响及其可能机制.方法 13头巴马香猪随机分为MSCs移植组(n=7)和DMEM培养液对照组(n=6).经髂后上棘抽取骨髓,密度梯度结合贴壁培养法分离、纯化、扩增MSCs.通过心导管介入球囊封堵冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)第2对角支以远建立急性心肌梗死模型.模型建立后即刻,细胞移植组和对照组分别经梗死相关冠脉注入4,6-二咪基-4-联苯基吲哚(DAPI)标记过的MSCs和DMEM培养液.于心梗前、细胞移植后4周对猪进行超声心动图检查.移植后4周处死动物,观察心脏大体结构,苏木精-伊红染色及Masson三色染色法观察显微结构改变.通过免疫组化检测移植细胞的肌钙蛋白T (Cardiac Troponin T,c-TnT)、缝隙连接蛋白43 (Connexin43,Cx-43)的表达.结果 移植后4周,MSCs移植组和对照组比较射血分数(LVEF)显著提高(P＜0.05),左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)显著减小(P＜0.05).苏木精-伊红染色发现对照组病变区心肌变性、坏死,大量炎性细胞浸润,梗死区与非梗死区界限清楚,移植组梗死区与非梗死区界限不清,且在梗死区中可见部分排列相对整齐的肌纤维结构.Masson染色显示移植组梗死区和交界区内胶原纤维融合较少,排列较为有序,而对照组梗死区和交界区内胶原纤维斑块状融合明显,排列紊乱.MSCs移植组DAPI阳性细胞c-TnT、Cx-43表达阳性.结论 在急性心肌梗死造模后即刻进行经冠状动脉MSCs自体移植,MSCs可以在梗死局部存活并向心肌细胞分化,从而抑制左室重构,显著改善心功能.     

平滑肌细胞移植提高大鼠心肌缺血模型心功能的可行性实验研究

目的　初步探讨移植平滑肌细胞对大鼠冠脉结扎心肌缺血模型心功能的提高作用。方法　用酶消化法从 胎鼠胃中分离、提取平滑肌细胞,进行体外培养、扩增。结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,制作心肌缺血模型。细胞移植组 (n=10)将体外培养、BrdU标记的平滑肌细胞,注射移植到冠脉结扎后2周形成的心肌梗死区中;对照组(n=10)用同样的 方法注射等量不含血清的DMEM培养液;两组动物术后均每日皮下注射环胞霉素A抑制免疫排斥反应。超声检查评估移 植前、后大鼠的心功能状况。取大鼠心脏标本做抗BrdU、抗α SMA免疫组化染色,检测心肌梗死区中植入的平滑肌细胞的 存活情况。结果　移植后4周,平滑肌细胞存活于心肌梗死区,并形成肌样组织。与对照组比较,移植组左室前游离壁厚 度明显增加[(2.51±0.22)mmvs(1.32±0.16)mm,P<0.01],左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)明显减小[(1.23±0.12)mlvs(1.92 ±0.18)ml,P<0.01],左室射血分数(LVEF)显著提高[(56.7±6.8)%vs(32.3±2.9)%,P<0.01]。结论　平滑肌细胞移 植后能存活于心肌梗死区,并改善缺血心肌的心功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.