利用喷雾干燥技术制备氯雷他定透明质酸微囊和微球及其评价

目的：制备氯雷他定（LOR）透明质酸（HA）微囊和微球,并对其进行体外评价。方法：HA和聚乙二醇6000（PEG 6000）为材料,以粒径,载药量,载药率,溶解度,体外累积释放度来评价载药微囊和微球;利用DSC和XRD考察载药微囊和微球中LOR的晶型变化。结果：HA、PEG 6000和LOR的比例为16：1：2时,LOR的溶解度和溶出效果最佳。LOR微囊的水中溶解度为（23.12±0.15） μg·mL^-1,载药量为（8.07±0.44）%,载药率为（76.69±0.44）%,体外累积释放度达到（87.00±3.34）%;LOR微球的水中溶解度为（5.58±0.15） μg·mL^-1,载药量为（11.87±0.46）%,载药率为（112.78±0.46）%,体外累积释放度达到（63.16±0.63）%。晶型变化分析结果,微囊中LOR大部分以无定型状态存在,小部分以结晶状态存在;微球中LOR以无定型状态存在。结论：采用喷雾干燥法成功制备LOR-HA微囊和微球,显著改善LOR的溶解度和体外释放度的,利用此方法制备微囊（或微球）成本较低、操作简单,易于实现大规模工业化生产。     

喷雾干燥法制备丹酚酸壳聚糖微囊

目的以壳聚糖为载体制备丹酚酸微囊,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法以收率和载药量为指标,考察处方及工艺因素对微囊的影响,并对处方和工艺进行优化。结果壳聚糖质量浓度1.5%,丹酚酸与壳聚糖的质量比1∶3,进风温度190℃,蠕动泵速度300mL.h-1,所制得的微囊表面圆整,载药量为25.99%,收率为51.88%,包封率为86.21%,平均粒径为105.6nm。体外具有一定的缓释特性,在0～240min内拟合一级释药模型方程ln(1-Q)=-0.236 9 t+4.591 7,r=0.920 3。结论采用喷雾干燥法制得的丹酚酸微囊,收率和载药量较高,制备工艺简单,可望成为实现中药微球工业化的有效方法。     

延胡索酸泰妙菌素掩味微囊的制备及其性质的研究

目的利用喷雾干燥法制备延胡索酸泰妙菌素掩味微囊，并对微囊的性质进行研究，为工业化生产提供最优的处方条件。方法以包封率为考察指标，通过正交设计筛选出最优处方，并且对微囊的掩味效果、吸湿性、流动性等性质做了研究。本研究还以包封率、吸湿性、流动性等因素为指标．比较了喷雾干燥掩味法与传统溶剂法的掩味效果。结果明胶与原料药质量比2：1时微囊的掩味效果最佳，并在乳液中加入2％β-环糊精和1％蓖麻油改善其流动性。通过正交实验考察在特定的喷雾干燥设备条件下的最佳掩味工艺为进风温度170℃、雾化压力0．5Mpa、进料速度600ml／h，并测得最佳处方的临界相对湿度为55％-60％。结论利用以上实验方法可以掩盖延胡索酸泰妙菌素的难闻性气味，提高动物服药顺应性，给服用带来便利。     

喷雾干燥法制备罗红霉素掩味肠溶缓释微球

目的 采用喷雾干燥法制备罗红霉素肠溶掩味微球,得到最佳掩味工艺.并对微球性质进行考察.方法 以包封率为评价指标,对喷雾干燥工艺参数进行正交优化设计,并考察Eudragit L100用量、微球芯材比对微球性能的影响,同时对掩味效果进行考察.结果 最优工艺条件为进风温度145℃;进料速度10mL/min;喷雾压力0.3MPa;药物与Eudragit L100材料的质量比1:4;制得的微球外形良好,包封率可达96.38%;药物掩味效果良好;药物在人工肠液中缓慢释放,药物1h释放量不超过30%,24h不低于99%.结论 所得制备工艺可行,实验条件制得的微球球形圆整,包封率较高,掩味效果良好,有很好的缓释特征.     

喷雾干燥法制备红霉素肠溶缓释微囊

目的：采用喷雾干燥法制备红霉素肠溶缓释微囊,并考察其释放特性。方法：以红毒素为囊心物,Eudragit S100为包衣材料,蓖麻油为增塑剂,乙醇为溶剂,将囊心物与囊材按1：2,1：3和1：4的比例喷雾干燥制备微囊。结果：经电镜扫描和X－射线衍射测定表明,囊心物：囊材按1：4比例制备的微囊外形圆整,包囊安全;体外释放度测定显示,微囊能稳定地在人工肠液中缓慢释放,药物1h释放量不超过30％,12h释放量不低于90％,与市售红霉素肠溶片相比,有明显缓释作用。结论：喷雾干燥法制备微囊,工艺稳定,可持续操作,可连续操作,制备的红霉素微囊有很好的肠溶行为缓释特征。     

Preparation and evaluation of glibenclamide-polyglycolized glycerides solid dispersions with silicon dioxide by spray drying technique.

Solid dispersions (SDs) of glibenclamide (GBM); a poorly water-soluble drug and polyglycolized glycerides (Gelucire with the aid of silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200); as an adsorbent, were prepared by spray drying technique. SDs and spray dried GBM in comparison with pure GBM and corresponding physical mixtures (PMs) were initially characterized and then subjected to ageing study up to 3 months. Initial characterization of SDs and spray dried GBM by DSC and XRPD showed that GBM was present in its amorphous form (AGBM). Improvement in the solubility and dissolution rate was observed for all samples. DRIFT spectroscopy revealed presence of hydrogen bonding in SDs. During ageing study, almost no decrease of in vitro drug dissolution was observed, over the period of 3 months as compare with freshly prepared SDs. Slight crystallinity in SDs was observed in the DSC and XRPD studies during ageing. Moreover in vivo study in Swiss Albino mice also justified the improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of amorphous GBM in SDs over pure GBM. Thus, present study demonstrated the high potential of spray drying technique for obtaining stable free flowing SDs of poorly water-soluble drugs using polyglycolized glycerides carriers with the aid of silicon dioxide as an adsorbent.     

Taste masking of roxithromycin by spray drying technique

The spray drying technique was used to obtain the roxithromycin containing microcapsules with high taste masking efficiency. Eudragit L30D-55 was chosen as a barrier coating. The taste was evaluated by an electronic tongue, and taste-masking effect in water lasted at least several dozen hours.     

喷雾干燥法制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微球

目的 利用喷雾干燥法制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微球,并考察其释放度.方法 以对乙酰氨基酚为模型药、乙基纤维素为载体材料、95 %乙醇为溶剂进行喷雾干燥而制备.结果 所制微球外观为圆整球形,粒度分布均匀,其体外释放度1 h时不少于15 %,2 h不超过40 %,12 h在90 %以上;在pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中可缓慢并稳定地释放.经大鼠体内药物动力学研究表明,微球具有明显的缓释效果.结论 所制微球具有很好的缓释作用,操作方便,工艺稳定,有利于工业化生产.     

Preparation of redispersible dry emulsions by spray drying

Development of stable dry emulsions being able to reform the original o/w-emulsion by reconstitution in water is presented. Dry emulsions were prepared by spray drying liquid o/w-emulsions in a laboratory spray dryer. Three hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) types were applied as solid carrier and emulsifier. The lipid phase was fractionated coconut oil. The ratio of solid carrier to lipid phase influenced the reconstitution properties. It was possible to prepare redispersible dry emulsions of a lipid content up to 40% dry powder mass. The different HPMC types had no noticeable effect on the reconstitution properties, but too viscous liquid o/w-emulsions were difficult to atomise. The type of rotary atomizer, or the rate of rotation did not affect the technical properties of the dry emulsions containing 40% lipid. It was concluded that low viscosity HPMC was a useful solid carrier. The dry emulsions remained physically stable for at least 6 months.     

喷雾干燥方法制备噻托溴铵超细粉末

目的:使用喷雾干燥方法得到噻托溴铵的超细粉末.方法:采用单因素试验和正交试验筛选出合适的喷雾干燥条件.结果:料液浓度为8.0%的乳糖水溶液(其中含0.1%的噻托溴铵),加入占乳糖重量8.0%的L-亮氨酸;进风温度145℃;进料速度 3.5 mL·min-1;换风程度100%.结论:该方法简便实用,得到噻托溴铵的超细粉末,粒径均小于 5 μm.     

双嘧达莫缓释微囊的制备与体外评价

目的:研究以明胶和阿拉伯胶为囊材,将双嘧达莫微囊化的制备工艺。方法:以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,利用复凝聚法,通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件。结果:囊材与囊心物的质量比2∶1,搅拌转速140r·min-1,固化时间3h、成囊pH4.0、成囊温度为50℃为最佳工艺条件。结论:以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊,重复性好,工艺稳定,同时体外溶出实验表明,该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

Novel piroxicam-loaded nanospheres generated by the electrospraying technique: physicochemical characterisation and oral bioavailability evaluation

To determine if a novel electrospraying technique could be applied to an oral drug delivery system for improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble piroxicam; the nanospheres were generated with drug and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using electrospraying technique; and their physicochemical properties, solubility, release and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in comparison with piroxicam powder. All nanospheres had significantly increased drug solubility and dissolution rates in comparison with the drug powder. In particular, the nanosphere composed of piroxicam and PVP at a weight ratio of 2:8 gave about 600-fold higher solubility, 15-fold higher release rate and 3-fold higher AUC in comparison to piroxicam powder, leading to significantly enhanced oral bioavailability in rats, due to the mingled effect of nanonisation along with transformation to the amorphous state. Thus, this electrospraying technique can be utilised to produce a novel oral nanosphere delivery system with enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability for poorly water-soluble piroxicam.     

Novel gelatin microcapsule with bioavailability enhancement of ibuprofen using spray-drying technique

A poorly water-soluble ibuprofen and ethanol can be encapsulated in gelatin microcapsule by spray-drying technique. To develop a novel ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule with bioavailability enhancement, the effect of spray-drying conditions, gelatin, ibuprofen and sodium lauryl sulfate on the ibuprofen solubility and the amount of ethanol encapsulated in gelatin microcapsule were investigated. The ibuprofen solubility and amount of encapsulated ethanol increased as inlet temperature and amount of sodium lauryl sulfate increased, reached maximum at 105 degrees C and 0.6%, respectively and after that followed a rapid decrease. Furthermore, they abruptly increased as the amount of gelatin increased, reaching maximum at 4% then remaining almost stable, but the encapsulated ethanol content decreased noticeably. Likewise, the ibuprofen solubility increased as the amount of ibuprofen increased, reaching maximum at 0.5% and beyond that, there was no change in the solubility. However, the encapsulated ethanol content hardly changed irrespective of the amount of ibuprofen. Furthermore, the formula of ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule at the ratio of gelatin/ibuprofen/sodium lauryl sulfate/water/ethanol of 4/0.5/0.6/30/70 showed ibuprofen solubility of about 290microg/ml and ethanol content of about 160microg/mg. This gelatin microcapsule dramatically increased the initial dissolution rate of ibuprofen compared to ibuprofen powder in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid. Moreover, it gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations, Cmax and AUC of ibuprofen in rats than did ibuprofen powder, indicating that the drug from gelatin microcapsule could be more orally absorbed in rats. Our results suggested that the enhanced oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in the gelatin microcapsule was contributed by the marked increase in the absorption rate of ibuprofen due to the crystallinity change to amorphous form and increase in dissolution rate of ibuprofen in the gelatin microcapsule in rats. Thus, the ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule developed using spray-drying technique with gelatin would be useful to deliver ibuprofen in a pattern that allows fast absorption in the initial phase, leading to better absorption.     

Microencapsulation of budesonide with dextran by spray drying technique for colon-targeted delivery: an in vitro/in vivo evaluation in induced colitis in rat

The aim of this study was developing colon targeted-delivery of budesonide for ulcerative colitis. Microcapsules were prepared using spray drying technique by different drug-to-dextran ratios and three molecular weights (MWs) of polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), drug release and loading efficiency of microcapsules were studied. In vivo efficacy of the selected formulation prepared by 1?:?10 drug-to-polymer ratio and dextran with MW 500?000 (D10M500) against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats was evaluated and compared to the control and reference groups (mesalasine and budesonide suspensions). The results showed that D10M500 microcapsules could target the drug to colon and its efficacy in reducing macroscopic damage score was higher than mesalasine suspension. Treatment with D10M500 decreased the scores of crypt damage and total colitis significantly compared to the control group which just received the vehicle and the groups treated with mesalasine and budesonide suspension which could not reduce the colitis parameters significantly.     

喷雾干燥法制备二甲双胍肠溶缓释微囊

目的 采用喷雾干燥法制备二甲双胍肠溶缓释微囊并对其体外释放度进行考察.方法 以包封率为评价指标,对喷雾干燥工艺参数进行正交优化设计,并考察Eudragit L100用量、微囊芯材比对微囊性能的影响.结果 最优工艺条件为进风温度165℃;进料速度10 mL·min-1;喷雾压力0.3 MPa;药物与Eudragit L1...     

喷雾干燥法固化黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的研究

目的：建立一种干燥的固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。方法：采用超声分散法制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的混悬液,然后采用喷雾干燥法将其制成干燥的、可再分散的固体脂质纳米粒。结果：在混悬液中黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒为球形粒子,平均粒径约为280 nm,喷雾干燥后得到的纳米粒仍为球型,分散后的粒径与喷干前相比有所增大,平均粒径约为720 nm,稳定性较好。结论：喷雾干燥法制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒是可行的。     

螺旋霉素超细粉的喷干法和反溶剂法制备及性质研究

目的 螺旋霉素原料药粉的粒径大、团聚现象严重,因此极大的限制了其临床应用;有研究报道超细粉制备技术可以很好地解决这些问题;方法 采用了两种代表性的方法制备螺旋霉素的超细粉：分别为喷雾干燥法和反溶剂法;并以粒径为指标,采用单因素实验优化得到最佳结果,对上述两种方法制备的粉体分别进行粒径、形貌特征和物化性质对比。结果 两种方法的最佳条件为：喷雾干燥法的进料速度为5 mL/min,雾化空气速度为800 L/h,进口温度为150℃,出口温度为85℃,平均粒径为(1638±10.99) nm。反溶剂法在25℃条件进行实验,溶剂与反溶剂的比例为1:5,最佳搅拌速度为1000 r/min,获得的平均粒径为(230±7.31)nm,以上结果经过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),动态光散射(DLS),傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征;经气相色谱检测,两种方法中的溶剂残留均符合ICH最低标准(5000 ppm);结论 与喷雾干燥法相比,反溶剂法制备的螺旋霉素粒径更小、粉体分散性更佳,其溶解度更高。因此反溶剂法制备的螺旋酶素微粉更适用于制药业,为微粉技术提供技术...     

螺旋霉素超细粉的喷干法和反溶剂法制备及性质研究

摘要：目的 螺旋霉素原料药粉的粒径大、团聚现象严重,因此极大的限制了其临床应用;有研究报道超细粉制备技术可 以很好地解决这些问题; 方法 采用了两种代表性的方法制备螺旋霉素的超细粉：分别为喷雾干燥法和反溶剂法;并以粒径为 指标,采用单因素实验优化得到最佳结果,对上述两种方法制备的粉体分别进行粒径、形貌特征和物化性质对比。结果 两种 方法的最佳条件为：喷雾干燥法的进料速度为5 mL/min,雾化空气速度为800 L/h,进口温度为150℃,出口温度为85℃,平均 粒径为(1638±10.99) nm。反溶剂法在25℃条件进行实验,溶剂与反溶剂的比例为1:5,最佳搅拌速度为1000 r/min,获得的平均 粒径为(230±7.31)nm,以上结果经过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),动态光散射(DLS),傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),差示扫描量热仪 (DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征;经气相色谱检测,两种方法中的溶剂残留均符合ICH最低标准(5000 ppm);结论 与喷雾干 燥法相比,反溶剂法制备的螺旋霉素粒径更小、粉体分散性更佳,其溶解度更高。因此反溶剂法制备的螺旋酶素微粉更适用于 制药业,为微粉技术提供技术思路。     

Formulation of inhalable lipid-based salbutamol sulfate microparticles by spray drying technique

Background

The aim of this work was to develop dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations of salbutamol sulfate (SS) by the aid of solid lipid microparticles (SLmPs), composed of biocompatible phospholipids or cholesterol.

Methods

The SLmPs were prepared by using two different solvent systems (ethanol and water-ethanol) and lipid carriers (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol) with/without L-leucine in the spray drying process. The spray-dried microparticles were physically-mixed with coarse lactose monohydrate in order to make our final DPI formulations and were investigated in terms of physical characteristics as well as in vitro drug release profile and aerosolization behavior.

Results

We observed significant differences in the sizes, morphologies, and in vitro pulmonary depositions between the formulations. In particular, the SS-containing SLmPs prepared with water-ethanol (30:70 v/v) solution of DPPC and L-leucine which had then been blended with coarse lactose (1:9 w/w) exhibited the highest emitted dose (87.9%) and fine particle fraction (42.7%) among the formulations. In vitro drug release study indicated that despite of having a significant initial burst release for both cholesterol and DPPC-based microparticles, the remained drug released more slowly than the pure drug.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the potential of using lipid carriers as well as L-leucine in DPI formulations of SS to improve its aerosolization behavior and retard the release profile of the drug.