国产吻合器颈部食管胃吻合术的应用

目的减少食管癌手术颈部胃食管吻合口的并发症。方法对40例胸段食管癌患者食管癌切除术后经颈部应用国产吻合器进行食管胃吻合手术。其中20例为三切口手术,17例为腹部颈部二切口食管内翻拔脱术,3例为胸腔镜手术。游离足够的胃,经过食管床将胃上提到颈部切口,应用"反插法"安置国产吻合器,完成食管与胃吻合手术。结果40例均顺利完成手术,全部治愈出院,无近期并发症发生。随访3个月～2年,1例术后出院8个月后发生颈部脓肿吻合口瘘,其余均能正常进食。结论用国产吻合器在颈部行食管胃吻合手术,替代了传统的手术方法,简便可行,能减少手术并发症的发生。     

经右胸食管胃颈部机械吻合32例分析

目的:探讨经右胸二切口应用管状吻合器行颈部食管胃机械吻合的手术方法及其临床运用价值。方法:回顾分析我院近7年经右胸颈部食管胃机械吻合的32例中上段食管癌临床手术资料以及应用体会。结果:本组32例切除胸段食管,应用管状吻合器经胸颈部重建消化道,无吻合口瘘发生,亦无喉返神经损伤和乳糜胸等严重并发症。全组无手术死亡。结论:此方法可扩大食管癌切除范围,较经颈部切口手工吻合简便、可靠、安全。     

颈部吻合器在147例食管癌手术中的应用

目的探讨颈部吻合器应用于食管癌根治,胃食管颈部吻合口重建。方法用颈部吻合器对147例食管癌患者行胃食管颈部吻合术。重要手术步骤：胃食管的游离,颈部吻合器的应用及注意事项,胃及食管胃吻合口置于食管床。结果147例均一次吻合成功,术后无颈部吻合口瘘、出血、喉返神经损伤、乳糜胸发生。术后随访1～24个月,失访26例,死亡18例。结论颈部吻合器应用于食管胃吻合性能可靠,操作容易,手术时间缩短,并发症少,增加了颈部吻合的标准化,值得推广应用。     

残胃并存食管癌手术消化道重建方式和手术入路的选择

目的: 探讨残胃并存食管癌根治手术的消化道重建方式和手术入路。方法: 40例根治手术中,有16例残胃并存食管下段癌均经左第七肋间胸腹联合切口入路,其中9例充分游离胃小弯侧及前次手术的吻合口而保留胃底血管,将残胃连同脾、胰尾移入胸腔内,行食管残胃吻合;4例为保留结肠中动脉的结肠代食管术;3例为单纯游离胃底保留前次手术未切断的胃左动脉主干直接行食管残胃胃底吻合。24例食管中上段癌均行结肠代食管术,其中19例为左进胸加上腹部联合切口入路结肠代食管术,左胸顶吻合11例,颈吻合8例,5例为右胸、腹部、左颈部三切口入路结肠代食管颈部吻合术,结肠进胸的入路均为胸骨后。结果: 全组无手术死亡,颈部吻合口瘘3例,经保守治疗愈合。结论: 残胃并存食管癌根治手术的消化道重建方式和手术入路具有多样性,其中残胃并存食管下段癌行弓下吻合的除了结肠代食管外,其他的消化道重建方式也能取得满意的效果,且简化了手术操作过程,而残胃并存食管中上段癌由于食管切除较长,吻合位置较高仍以结肠代食管为最主要的术式。     

颈部吻合在食管癌根治术中的临床应用

目的:分析目前颈部吻合在食管中段癌根治术中的临床应用及探讨其优缺点。方法:对80例食管中段癌患者行根治手术,采用左进胸-左颈部食管胃吻合(两切口)55例,采用右进胸-腹部正中切口-左颈部食管胃吻合(三切口)25例。80例患者均使用一次性管状消化道吻合器。结果:80例中只有1例出现颈部吻合口瘘,经换药后痊愈;无切缘阳性,无围手术期死亡,其中淋巴结阳性者占43.75%,上纵隔淋巴结阳性占6.25%,颈部淋巴结阳性占13.75%。结论:颈部吻合应用于常规食管中段癌根治术,可较彻底切除肿瘤、清扫周围淋巴结,减少吻合口瘘等术后并发症的发生,值得推广。     

管状吻合器在食管癌23例颈部食管胃吻合术中的应用

目的探讨管状吻合器应用在食管癌根治术颈部食管胃吻合中的方法及疗效。方法胸中上段食管癌23例采用经胸食管癌根治术胃沿管床上提至颈部,管状吻合器行食管胃吻合术。结果术后病检均为鳞状细胞癌,无乳糜胸,无喉返神经损伤。发生吻合口瘘1例(4.35%),经治疗后1个月后痊愈。随访0~3年,术后发生吻合口狭窄2例(8.70%),扩张后均好转,反流性食管炎4例,服用奥美拉唑、吗丁啉后好转。全组无一例死亡及切缘癌残留。结论管状吻合器颈部食管胃吻合根治性强,简便易行,节省手术时间,降低了吻合口相关并发症的发生率,具有很好临床应用价值。     

二种径路食管胃颈部吻合术的比较：附125例报告

为比较不同径路食管胃颈部吻合术的优缺点，特别是吻合口瘘的发生率，本文分析了自１９８７年以来１２５例中上段食管癌及良性狭窄病例。Ａ组采用左进胸切除食管，经食管床胃代食管，食管胃颈部吻合术６３例，无吻合口瘘。Ｂ组采用右进胸，上腹正中、左颈三切口，胸骨后胃代食管，食管胃颈部吻合６２例，发生吻合口瘘１１例，因瘘死亡２例。两切口经食管床径路明显改善了吻合口部张力与血供，可减少或避免吻合瘘的发生。它还具有手术的时间短、住院天数少、用血量少等优点，是值得推荐的一种术式     

超胸顶及颈部食管胃机械吻合的临床应用研究

目的：总结我院近三年应用吻合器重建消化道的临床经验,探讨食管吻合器在超胸顶及颈部食管重建术中的临床应用价值。方法：我院近三年食管癌、贲门癌手术病人,采用上海产GF—Ⅰ型吻合器行食管胃吻合128例,其中56例行超胸顶或颈部食管胃吻合消化道重建术,占同期应用吻合器行食管重建术病例的43．75％。结果：全组均顺利地完成了手术治疗,2例术后发生吻合口瘘,4例术后三个月出现中度吻合口狭窄,出现以上并发症者均为胸内食管胃吻合病人,其他病人术后均无严重并发症,127例痊愈出院。结论：应用食管吻合器重建消化道可增加手术安全系数,减少手术并发症。超胸顶或颈部机械吻合方法具有操作简单,创面污染机会少,吻合可靠,手术时间短,病人住院费用减少,对呼吸循环的影响减少,吻合口瘘或狭窄及其他并发症发生率减少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

残胃食管癌的外科治疗方案的研究

目的 探讨残胃食管癌外科治疗的手术方案,主要是消化道重建方式和手术入路的研究.方法 30例根治手术中,有14例残胃并存食管下段癌,均经左第七肋问胸腹联合切口入路,其中7例充分游离胃小弯侧及前次手术的吻合口而保留胃底血管,将残胃连同脾、胰尾移入胸腔内,行食管残胃吻合;4例为保留结肠中动脉的结肠代食管术;3例为单纯游离胃底保留前次手术未切断的胃左动脉主干直接行食管残胃胃底吻合.16例食管中上段癌均行结肠代食管术,其中6例为左进胸加上腹部联合切日入路结肠代食管术,左胸顶吻合4例,颈吻合3例,3例为右胸、腹部、左颈部三切口入路结肠代食管颈部吻合术,结肠进胸的入路均为胸骨后.结果 全组无手术死亡,颈部吻合口瘘2例,经保守治疗愈合.结论 残胃并存食管癌根治手术的消化道重建方式和手术入路具有多样性,其中残胃并存食管下段癌行弓下吻合的除了结肠代食管外,其他的消化道重建方式也能取得满意的效果,且简化了手术操作过程,而残胃并存食管中上段癌由于食管切除较长,吻合住置较高仍以结肠代食管为最主要的术式.     

胃管状成形重建食管手术治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的探讨胃管状成形重建食管手术治疗食管癌的效果。方法 86例胸段食管癌患者按手术方式的不同分为治疗组及对照组。治疗组37例,采用胃管状成形重建食管手术治疗。对照组49例,采用全胃行移至胸膜顶或左颈部行食管断端胃吻合术。观察两组疗效。结果治疗组行管状胃右胸内吻合16例,颈部吻合21例。对照组行全胃行移至胸膜顶吻合22例,左颈部行食管断端胃吻合27例。对照组胃长度、切除胃小弯淋巴结数均小于治疗组,差异均有统计学意义（均〈0.05）。两组胃长度、吻合口瘘、胸胃综合征及反流性食管炎发生率差异均有统计学意义（均〈0.01）。结论胃管状成形重建食管手术治疗食管癌符合生理解剖要求,减轻了胸胃综合征症状和反流,提高了患者的生治质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.