创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗

对23例创伤性膈肌破裂的致伤机制、临床表现、辅助检查、手术方法进行了回顾性分析。术前确诊15例、术中发现8例;手术治愈21例、死亡2例。创伤性膈肌破裂易被合并伤掩盖,发生膈疝极易绞窄,早期诊断及时手术尤为重要。     

创伤性膈肌破裂

创伤性膈肌破裂是严重威胁人类健康的疾病。目前,提高创伤性膈肌破裂诊断率的最好方法是提高临床医生面对严重胸腹部伤的警惕性。本文综述了国内外创伤性膈肌破裂的研究进展,重点介绍了创伤性膈肌破裂的不同诊断及治疗方法。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

分析1982—01--2002—01间76例创伤性膈肌破裂的临床资料。结果提示多种因素的影响造成创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断，多种检查方法的综合应用、连续观察是早期诊断创伤性膈肌破裂的关健。治疗上应采用以手术为主的综合治疗方法。     

创伤性膈肌破裂14例临床分析

创伤性膈肌破裂(traumatic diaphragmaticrupture,TDR)多由胸腹钝挫伤或穿通伤所致,对伤员危害十分严重,且早期常不易做出诊断而漏诊。作者总结了近10年(1984～1994)来收治的创伤性膈肌破裂14例,并重点分析了创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断及漏诊原因。     

创伤性膈肌破裂合并心包破裂1例

本文报告1例较罕见创伤性膈肌破裂合并心包破裂,该类病例术前易漏诊,最终经剖胸手术明确诊断并治愈。讨论了创伤性膈肌破裂漏诊原因及治疗方式。     

34例创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断和外科治疗

目的 总结创伤性膈肌破裂(TDR)的早期诊断和外科治疗的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月～2006年12月我院收治的34例创伤性膈肌破裂(TDR)患者的临床资料,对其发病原因、合并伤、诊断及手术途径分别进行分析.结果 34例术前确诊14例,治愈32例,死亡2例.结论 早期诊断和积极治疗是救治创伤性膈肌破裂的关键.     

34例创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断和外科治疗

目的总结创伤性膈肌破裂（TDR）的早期诊断和外科治疗的临床经验。方法回顾性分析1995年1月-2006年12月我院收治的34例创伤性膈肌破裂（TDR）患者的临床资料，对其发病原因、合并伤、诊断及手术途径分别进行分析。结果34例术前确诊14例，治愈32例，死亡2例。结论早期诊断和积极治疗是救治创伤性膈肌破裂的关键。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

对18例创伤性膈肌破裂临床资料进行回顾分析,术前确诊15例,治愈15例,死亡3例。及时手术探查并修补膈肌裂口是创伤性膈肌破裂的首选手术方法,围手术期大量出血或术后严重并发症患者预后较差;正确处理并发症是提高其治愈率的关键。     

45例创伤性膈肌破裂的临床诊治

创伤性膈肌损伤的早期诊断和治疗方法存在争论，而早期诊断创伤性膈肌损伤仍然较为困难。遗漏创伤性膈肌损伤将导致疝，严重者易发生疝嵌顿、坏死等严重后果。我院自1997年1月至2005年9月共收治创伤性膈肌破裂45例。现分析报告如下。     

创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗(附20例分析)

目的:探讨创伤性膈肌破裂与膈疝的诊断与治疗.方法:对该院收治的20例创伤性膈肌破裂进行回顾性分析.结果:20例中开放性损伤7例,闭合性损伤13例,17例合并膈疝,X线检查10例有阳性表现,6例行胸部CT检查均为阳性,术前确诊16例,术中确诊4例,治愈19例(95%),死亡1例(5%).结论:X线和CT检查是诊断膈肌破裂和创伤性膈疝的主要依据,胸腹联合伤应警惕创伤性膈肌的损伤,应注意受伤的原因、体位、及外力作用的方向,早诊断,及时手术是提高治愈率、降低死亡率的关键.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.