Retraction: Amino acid derived highly luminescent,heteroatom-doped carbon dots for label-free detection of Cd2+/Fe3+, cell imaging and enhanced antibacterial activity

Retraction of ‘Amino acid derived highly luminescent, heteroatom-doped carbon dots for label-free detection of Cd²⁺/Fe³⁺, cell imaging and enhanced antibacterial activity’ by Paramita Karfa et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 58141–58153.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.A repeating pattern can be observed in the XPS spectra in Fig. 2C in the 390–396 eV range. The XPS data also duplicates data that was presented in another publication, but reported as a different material.¹The TEM image in Fig. 3A has been used in another publication, but reported as a different material.²The bacterial growth curves in Fig. 3F illustrate duplication of data, which were reported as different bacterial strains. The growth curves also duplicate data presented in other publications.^3,4The fluorescence microscopy images in Fig. 5A and B have been used in another publication, but reported as different materials.⁵The concentration stability data points in Fig. S2 have been duplicated in Fig. S3 as pH stability data points.Given the number and significance of the concerns, the validity of the data and, therefore, the conclusions presented in this paper are no longer reliable.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for the fact that these concerns were not identified during the peer review process.Paramita Karfa, Santanu Patra, Rashmi Madhuri and Prashant K. Sharma oppose the retraction. Ekta Roy, Sunil Kumar and Abhrajyoti Tarafdar were contacted but did not respond.Signed: Andrew Shore, Executive Editor, RSC Advances.Date: 23rd November 2018.     

Retraction: Olefin epoxidation with chiral salen Mn(iii) immobilized on ZnPS-PVPA upon alkyldiamine

Retraction of ‘Olefin epoxidation with chiral salen Mn(iii) immobilized on ZnPS-PVPA upon alkyldiamine’ by J. Huang et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 19507–19514, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA00002A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to extensive overlap with other published articles by these authors, including the text, data and figures published in ref. 1, which was not cited in this article. Although there are sections of original work, there are significant portions of text overlap, particularly in the Results and discussion section. Fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, Tables 1 and 2 and Schemes 1 and 2 in the RSC Advances article have also been reproduced from ref. 1.Signed: J. Huang, D. W. Qi, J. L. Cai and X. H. ChenDate: 19^th November 2020Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Fabrication of hollow CoS1.097 prisms toward supercapactior performance

Retraction of ‘Fabrication of hollow CoS_1.097 prisms toward supercapactior performance’ by Ruili Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 10814–10819.

We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this RSC Advances article due to extensive overlap with the text, data and figures published in ref. 1, which means that this RSC Advances article is redundant. All the figures and tables in this RSC Advances article have been reproduced from ref. 1.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience to readers.Signed: Ruili Zhang and Ping Yang.Date: 8^th July 2019.We do not have current contact details for the second author of the article, Yuntao Yang, as he has graduated and therefore has not been able to comment on the retraction.Retraction endorsed by Andrew Shore, Executive Editor, RSC Advances.     

Retraction: Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red

Retraction of ‘Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red’ by Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 92189–92206.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The XPS data in Fig. 4B, E and F have been duplicated in another publication, but reported as a different material.¹A repeating segment can be observed in the TEM image presented in Fig. 10C, which indicates that this image has been manipulated.There are unexpected similarities in the baseline of the EDX spectrum in Fig. 10F and the EDX spectra in other publications, which have all been reported as different materials.^1–3There are repeating motifs within the AFM image in Fig. 10G, which indicates that this image has been manipulated. Many of these motifs can also be observed in an AFM image in another publication, but representing a different material.²The image in Fig. 10I is unreliable as it has subsequently been reused in unpublished material to represent different materials.The FTIR data presented in Fig. 16B (blue, red and green spectra) illustrate duplication of data, given that these experiments were reported under different reaction conditions.Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya were informed about the retraction of the article but did not respond.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 12^th March 2020     

Retraction: Simultaneous sorption and reduction of U(vi) on magnetite–reduced graphene oxide composites investigated by macroscopic,spectroscopic and modeling techniques

Retraction of ‘Simultaneous sorption and reduction of U(vi) on magnetite–reduced graphene oxide composites investigated by macroscopic, spectroscopic and modeling techniques’ by Wencai Cheng et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 59677–59685, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA10451C.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The SEM image in Fig. 1C duplicates data published in another publication, but reported as different materials.¹There are unexpected similarities in the XPS spectra presented for M1–rGO and M5–rGO in Fig. 2A.Repeating fragments can be observed in the baseline of the XRD spectrum for GO presented in Fig. 2B, which indicate that it has been manipulated. In addition, the XRD spectrum for M5–rGO in Fig. 2B duplicates data published in ref. 1 and 2, but they have been reported as different materials.Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Signed: Wencai Cheng, Zhongxiu Jin, Congcong Ding and Maolin WangDate: 27^th March 2020Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Enhanced adsorption of ionizable aromatic compounds on humic acid-coated carbonaceous adsorbents

Retraction of ‘Enhanced adsorption of ionizable aromatic compounds on humic acid-coated carbonaceous adsorbents’ by Yubing Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 10359–10364, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA21713A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.Repeating fragments can be observed in the XRD spectrum for GONs in Fig. 1C, which indicates that it has been manipulated. In addition, there are unexpected similarities in the baseline of the XRD data presented for MWCNTs and AC (Fig. 1C) in the 32.5–40° and 45–57.5° regions.Given the significance of the concern about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Signed: Yubing Sun, Dadong Shao, Guixia Zhao, Shubin Yang and Xiangke WangDate: 27^th March 2020Changlun Chen, Jiaxing Li and Xiaoli Tan were contacted but did not respond.Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Retraction of ‘Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes’ by Bin Zhu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36422–36429, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA02418A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data.The images in the article were screened by an image integrity expert who confirmed that some of the western blots images in this paper had been duplicated in other articles. There are no common authors between the papers.The Col II band in Fig. 3B of this paper has been duplicated as the p62 band in Fig. 4A of ref. 1.One of the blots in the control band (GAPDH) in Fig. 3D has also been reused as a blot in Fig. 2C of ref. 1 and in Fig. 4A of ref. 2.The authors were asked to provide the raw data for this article but did not respond. Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the findings presented in this paper are not reliable.The authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 7^th January 2021     

Retraction: Synthesis of non-toxic,biocompatible, and colloidal stable silver nanoparticle using egg-white protein as capping and reducing agents for sustainable antibacterial application

Retraction of ‘Synthesis of non-toxic, biocompatible, and colloidal stable silver nanoparticle using egg-white protein as capping and reducing agents for sustainable antibacterial application’ by Kalaiyarasan Thiyagarajan et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 23213–23229, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA03649G.

I, the undersigned author, hereby wholly retract this RSC Advances article due to the following instances of matched/similar images that have been identified that weaken this article, which occurred due to honest human errors.Following the previous publication of a correction to replace Fig. 3D, instances of duplicating images have been identified that undermine this article.In Fig. 5, the panels E. coli MTCC No 62 6 μg ml⁻¹ and E. coli MTCC No 62 8 μg ml⁻¹ are identical. Furthermore, they are identical to panels in another article published by the authors in RSC Advances,¹ namely the panel for freshly prepared S. enterica MTCC-3219 2 μg ml⁻¹ 10⁻¹⁰ and the panel for S. typhirmurium MTCC-3224 4 μg ml⁻¹ 10⁻⁵ after one year of storage in Fig. 3 of ref. 1 and the panel 1 h treated with SBT@AgNPs in Fig. 7 of ref. 1.Thiyagarajan Kalaiyarasan and Vijay K. Bharti responded to all enquiries and submitted data related to the above concern. However, to avoid any future ambiguity to the readers, the article is retracted.Krishna Kumar and Vijay K. Bharti do not agree to the retraction. The other authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Kalaiyarasan ThiyagarajanDate: 1/6/2022Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol

Retraction of ‘Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol’ by Özlem Karatepe et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 50851–50857. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA06210E.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The two high resolution transmission electron micrograph insets in Fig. 2 that represent Pt@PPy–PANI NPs polymer composites are identical. In addition, these insets are duplicated and scaled versions of the high-resolution transmission electron micrograph insets in Fig. 1 in an International Journal of Hydrogen Energy article,¹ and in Fig. 2 in a Journal of Cluster Science article,² by the same author group representing different nanoparticles or synthetic methods. Fig. 1 in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy article¹ represents Pt(0)/DPA@GO NPs and Fig. 2 in the Journal of Cluster Science article² represents Pt(0) NPs. The authors claim that this was a mistake and provided replacement data for consideration. However, an expert reviewed the author’s response and concluded that it did not satisfactorily address the concerns, and that the replacement figure did not fully support the conclusions. Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Sinan Eriş and Fatih Sen oppose this retraction. Handan Pamuk, Yunus Yıldız, Özlem Karatepe and Zeynep Dasdelen were contacted but did not respond.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 23^rd September 2021     

Retraction: Ligustrazine attenuates renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy by inactivating MAPK pathways

Retraction of ‘Ligustrazine attenuates renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy by inactivating MAPK pathways’ by Hongling Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 21816–21822, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA01674G.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data.The images in the article were screened by an image integrity expert who confirmed that some of the western blot images in this paper had been duplicated in other articles. There are no common authors between the papers.The control bands (GAPDH) in Fig. 3A of this paper are identical to the western blot control bands (GAPDH) presented in Fig. 1E of ref. 1.The control bands (GAPDH) in Fig. 4A of this paper are identical to the western blot control bands (GAPDH) presented in Fig. 2C and Fig. 4G of ref. 2.One of the blots in the control band (GAPDH) in Fig. 4A has also been reused as a blot in Fig. 3D of ref. 3.The authors were asked to provide the raw data for this article but did not respond. Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the findings presented in this paper are not reliable.The authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances.Date: 7^th January 2021.     

Retraction: Organometallic Ag nanostructures prepared using Hypericum perforatum extract are highly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria

Retraction of ‘Organometallic Ag nanostructures prepared using Hypericum perforatum extract are highly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria’ by Qaisar Maqbool et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 30562–30572.

We, the named authors, wholly retract this RSC Advances article.The authors have repeated the FTIR and TGA analyses of the nanoparticles synthesised using H. perforatum, and also obtained the original data files from the facility that carried out the initial analyses. The authors have compared the new results and the original data files with the data in the published article. They found that the graphs presented in Fig. 7a and b in the article did not correspond to neither the original data nor the new analysis. They also found that the same TGA graph (Fig. 7b) was used in previous articles by the first author but representing a different material.^1,2The Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences have confirmed to the Royal Society of Chemistry that graphs presented in Fig. 7 of this RSC Advances article were manipulated.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused to readers.Signed: Dariusz Kruszka, Piotr Kachlicki and Gregory FranklinDate: 5^th April 2019Qaisar Maqbool opposes this retraction.Retraction endorsed by Andrew Shore, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Correction: Porous conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for room temperature gas detection

Correction for ‘Porous conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for room temperature gas detection’ by Yajie Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 42546–42553.

The authors wish to draw the reader’s attention to their previous related study, published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,¹ which was not cited in this RSC Advances paper. The RSC Advances paper is a valuable and necessary supplement to the publication in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and focused on the reduced gas sensing performance of the devices instead of film characterization and film conductive performance.The authors regret not giving correct attribution to Fig. 1–6 which duplicate data from ref. 1 and therefore should be attributed to that paper. Additionally, there are portions of overlapping text in the discussion of these figures and the Introduction and Conclusion sections of the RSC Advances paper, which should be attributed to ref. 1.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Retraction: Structural characterization of centipede oligopeptides and capability detection in human small cell lung carcinoma: inducing apoptosis

Retraction of ‘Structural characterization of centipede oligopeptides and capability detection in human small cell lung carcinoma: inducing apoptosis’ by JingQuan Zhao et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 10927–10936, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09018A.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to a significant amount of unattributed text overlap throughout the article, and particularly with ref. 1 in the Results and discussion section and ref. 2 in the Conclusion section.Jie Liu opposes the retraction. The other authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 29^th March 2022     

Retraction: Magnetic Fe3O4@NiO hierarchical structures: preparation and their excellent As(v) and Cr(vi) removal capabilities

Retraction of ‘Magnetic Fe₃O₄@NiO hierarchical structures: preparation and their excellent As(v) and Cr(vi) removal capabilities’ by Shouwei Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 2754–2764, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA22495J.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article. The authors requested to retract this article because they admitted that the TEM characterization of the Fe₃O₄@NiO hierarchical microspheres in Fig. 4c was duplicated from the characterization of Fe₃O₄@NiAl-LDH microspheres in Fig. S4B from a J. Am. Chem. Soc. paper by Mingfei Shao et al. without permission.¹ The authors would like to apologise to the authors of ref. 1, and for any inconvenience to readers.Signed: Shouwei Zhang, Jiaxing Li, Jinzhang Xu and Xiangke WangDate: 11th August 2021Tao Wen was contacted but did not respondRetraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Correction: Directed evolution of mevalonate kinase in Escherichia coli by random mutagenesis for improved lycopene

Correction for ‘Directed evolution of mevalonate kinase in Escherichia coli by random mutagenesis for improved lycopene’ by Hailin Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 15021–15028.

The authors wish to draw the readers’ attention to their closely related paper, published in Microbial Cell Factories,¹ which should have been cited in this RSC Advances paper.The authors regret that there is unattributed overlap in text between this RSC Advances paper and ref. 1. The authors confirm that new data has been reported in this RSC Advances article.Two different rate-limiting enzymes in the lycopene synthetic pathway were studied using the same methods, mevalonate kinase (MK) in this paper and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) in ref. 1. In the RSC Advances paper, a directed evolution strategy was used to optimize the activity of MK to enhance the tolerance for farnesyldiphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGPP), to enhance the affinity of mevalonate and MK, and to improve lycopene production. The catalytic mechanisms of both enzymes are very different; however improving their activities can improve lycopene production.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Retraction: Structural characterization of ginseng oligopeptides and anti-aging potency evaluation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Retraction of ‘Structural characterization of ginseng oligopeptides and anti-aging potency evaluation in Caenorhabditis elegans’ by Qiang Luo et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 39485–39494, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA06093C.

The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to a significant amount of unattributed text overlap with articles by different author groups that were not cited, including articles published in Phytochemistry by Shan Su et al.¹ and Journal of Functional Foods by Elena M. Vayndorf et al.²Zhigang Liu agrees to the retraction. The other authors have been informed but have not responded to any correspondence regarding the retraction.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 25^th April 2022     

Retraction: Graphene oxide/DNA-decorated electrode for the fabrication of microRNA biosensor

Retraction of ‘Graphene oxide/DNA-decorated electrode for the fabrication of microRNA biosensor’ by Erlin Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 69334–69338, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA12373A.

We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this RSC Advances article due to a lack of reproducibility in the results of the paper. We have been unable to replicate the results of miRNA detection, shown in Fig. 8, and as a result, the conclusions of this paper are not supported.Signed: Erlin Sun, Lining Wang, Xiaodong Zhou, Chengquan Ma, Yan Sun, Mingde Lei, Bingxin Lu and Ruifa HanDate: 14^th July 2020Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC Advances     

Retraction: Facile fabrication of water-dispersible AgInS2 quantum dots and mesoporous AgInS2 nanospheres with visible photoluminescence

Retraction of ‘Facile fabrication of water-dispersible AgInS₂ quantum dots and mesoporous AgInS₂ nanospheres with visible photoluminescence’ by Hui Jin et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 68287–68292. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA11545K

(1) The Royal Society of Chemistry has been notified by the Office of Academic Research, Qingdao University that the authorship, affiliations and acknowledgements of this paper are incorrect. They informed us that “Rijun Gui has confirmed that he independently completed the experimental research before he joined Qingdao University. Without their knowledge and prior notice, he signed the names of irrelevant researchers (Hui Jin, Zonghua Wang, Jianfei Xia, Min Yang, Feifei Zhang and Sai Bi) in his paper and added the Funding numbers of the irrelevant researchers in his papers without authorization. Rijun Gui confirmed that these irrelevant researchers did not participate in experimental researches reported in his paper and they did not provide financial support. They have no contribution to the paper.” They concluded that “the names of the irrelevant researchers without contribution are required to be deleted from the authorship of the paper, and their funding numbers without providing financial support are required to be deleted from the “Acknowledgements”.” The corrected authorship list and affiliations for this paper are as follows:Rijun Gui*^{a a}School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, email: moc.361@nujiriugThe corrected Acknowledgements for this paper are as follows:This work was financially supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shanghai (13R21413800).(2) The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The TEM image in Fig. 2a contains duplications of the same particles within the image, which indicates that it has been manipulated.The TEM image in Fig. 2c duplicates data from another publication by Tan et al., but representing different materials.¹The TEM image in Fig. 2d duplicates data from another publication by Tan et al., but representing different materials.²Given the number and significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.Rijun Gui requested to retract this article due to the incorrect authorship, but opposes the wording in this retraction notice.Signed: Laura Fisher, Executive Editor, RSC AdvancesDate: 21^st September 2020     

Correction: Direct electrodeposition of cationic pillar[6]arene-modified graphene oxide composite films and their host–guest inclusions for enhanced electrochemical performance

Correction for ‘Direct electrodeposition of cationic pillar[6]arene-modified graphene oxide composite films and their host–guest inclusions for enhanced electrochemical performance’ by Qunpeng Duan et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 21954–21962, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA03138K.

The authors regret omitting a citation of their related paper published in Frontiers in Chemistry: ‘Facile one-step electrodeposition preparation of cationic pillar[6]arene-modified graphene films on glassy carbon electrodes for enhanced electrochemical performance’ (DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00430) shown as ref. 1 here. The citation should appear as ref. 58 in the original article.¹The authors regret that it was not clear in the original article that the ErGO-CP6/GCE film had been previously reported by them in their related Frontiers in Chemistry paper¹ and therefore the sentence at the start of paragraph 3 on page 2 ‘In this work, we report for the first time preparation of CP6 functionalized graphene films on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) directly from GO-CP6 dispersions by facile one-step pulsed electrodeposition technique (Scheme 1).’ should be ‘In this work, we report the preparation of CP6 functionalized graphene films on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) directly from GO-CP6 dispersions by facile one-step pulsed electrodeposition technique (Scheme 1), which was previously reported by us.⁵⁸’.The authors also wish to clarify the differences between this RSC Advances paper and the Frontiers in Chemistry paper.¹ The papers use different guests molecules and different optimum pulse electrodeposition parameters and the RSC Advances paper reports an improvement in electrochemical performance with additional characterisation, stability studies and the analysis of real samples which are not reported in the Frontiers in Chemistry paper.¹The appropriate figure captions have been updated to reflect the data reproduced from the Frontiers in Chemistry paper.¹Scheme 1 Schematic illustration for the pulsed electrodeposition preparation of ErGO and ErGO-CP6 films on the surface of GCE and sensing the guest molecules by an electrochemical strategy. Reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 2020 Frontiers.Fig. 1 Characterization of materials. FTIR spectra (A), UV-vis absorption spectra (B), TGA curves of CP6, GO-CP6, and GO (C), and XPS survey spectra of GO and GO-CP6 (D). The data in (a, c and d) have been reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 2020 Frontiers.Fig. 4 (A) Raman spectra of GO and ErGO. (B) Raman spectra of GOCP6 and ErGO-CP6. Reproduced with permission from ref. 1. Copyright 2020 Frontiers.