Correction: Green-synthesised cerium oxide nanostructures (CeO2-NS) show excellent biocompatibility for phyto-cultures as compared to silver nanostructures (Ag-NS)

Correction for ‘Green-synthesised cerium oxide nanostructures (CeO₂-NS) show excellent biocompatibility for phyto-cultures as compared to silver nanostructures (Ag-NS)’ by Qaisar Maqbool, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 56575–56585, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12082f.

The author regrets that Fig. 4 and ​and55 of the original article did not appropriately represent the findings.Open in a separate windowFig. 4Comparative TGA analysis of CeO₂-NS and Ag-NS.Open in a separate windowFig. 5FTIR spectrum of CeO₂-NS and Ag-NS.The correct version of Fig. 4 is shown below. In addition, the associated text on page 56578 “Experimental findings show total mass loss…” should be changed to “Experimental findings show total mass loss of 57.53% by CeO₂-NS and 61.12% by Ag-NS.” Fig. 5 of the original article shows only the plot of selected data points. In order to provide clarity to readers, it should be replaced with the following original FTIR plots (complete scan).The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: A sensitive OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe for the cascade sensing of Al3+ and F− ions in aqueous media and living cells

Correction for ‘A sensitive OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe for the cascade sensing of Al³⁺ and F⁻ ions in aqueous media and living cells’ by Lingjie Hou et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 21629–21635, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA02848G.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 4 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 4 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 4The ESI-MS spectrum of Al³⁺–HNS complex.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Preparation of glycerol monostearate from glycerol carbonate and stearic acid

Correction for ‘Preparation of glycerol monostearate from glycerol carbonate and stearic acid’ by Li Han et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 34137–34145.

The authors regret that Fig. 6 in the original article was incorrect. The caption referred to ¹³C NMR spectra, whereas the figure itself was an expanded version of the ¹H NMR shown in Fig. 5. The correct version of Fig. 6 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 6 ¹³C NMR spectra of GMS.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Improving the inhibitory effect of CXCR4 peptide antagonist in tumor metastasis with an acetylated PAMAM dendrimer

Correction for ‘Improving the inhibitory effect of CXCR4 peptide antagonist in tumor metastasis with an acetylated PAMAM dendrimer’ by Changliang Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 39948–39956.

The authors regret that the term “CXCL12” was incorrectly displayed as “CXCR12” in Scheme 1 and Fig. 6(a)–(c) in the original article. The correct versions of Scheme 1 and Fig. 6(a)–(c) are presented below.Open in a separate windowScheme 1Schematic illustration of the preparation of the P_AC80–E5 complex and the process of anti-tumor metastasis of the E5 peptide in the presence of P_AC80.Open in a separate windowFig. 6(a–c) The inhibitory effect of E5 and P_AC80–E5 on: (a) MCF-7; (b) MDA-MB-231; and (c) 4T1 cells detected by transwell assay. The CXCL12 supplemented sample without E5 or P_AC80–E5 was set as 100% as the control. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3).The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Chrysomycins A–C,antileukemic naphthocoumarins from Streptomyces sporoverrucosus

Correction for ‘Chrysomycins A–C, antileukemic naphthocoumarins from Streptomyces sporoverrucosus’ by Shreyans K. Jain et al., RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 21046–21053, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42884b.

The authors regret that incorrect versions of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 were included in the original article. The correct versions of Fig. 6 and ​and77 are presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 6Influence of compounds 1–3 on the nuclear morphology of human leukaemia HL-60 cells. The cells were treated with 1, 3 and 5 μM concentrations of these compounds for 24 h and stained with Hoechst 33258 for 40 min. The altered nuclear morphology and apoptotic bodies indicated by white arrows are seen in treated cells while the nuclei of the untreated cells were round and intact.Open in a separate windowFig. 7Phase contrast microscopy of compound-treated leukaemia HL-60 cells. Cells were treated with compounds 1–3 at 1, 3 and 5 μM for 24 h and visualized using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus1X72). The morphology of treated cells altered in a concentration-dependent manner, while the untreated cells remained healthy.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Structure evolution,amorphization and nucleation studies of carbon-lean to -rich SiBCN powder blends prepared by mechanical alloying

Correction for ‘Structure evolution, amorphization and nucleation studies of carbon-lean to -rich SiBCN powder blends prepared by mechanical alloying’ by Daxin Li et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 48255–48271.

The authors regret that Fig. 13 was displayed incorrectly in the original article. Due to a data processing error, partially repetitive data was displayed for the entry for 10 h. The correct version of Fig. 13 is shown below.Open in a separate windowFig. 13Solid-state ²⁹Si NMR spectra of carbon-lean C2 (a) and carbon-rich C9 (b) powder blends subjected to different hours of milling.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: An indenocarbazole-based host material for solution processable green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Correction for ‘An indenocarbazole-based host material for solution processable green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes’ by Eun Young Park et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 29115–29123. DOI: 10.1039/D1RA04855D.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 1 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 1 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 1HOMO, LUMO distributions and energy level of PCIC predicted through DFT and TD-DFT calculations.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Helium-induced damage in U3Si5 by first-principles studies

Correction for ‘Helium-induced damage in U₃Si₅ by first-principles studies’ by Yibo Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 26920–26927. DOI: 10.1039/D1RA04031F.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 4 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 4 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 4The dependence of the trapping energy on the number of He atoms trapped in Vac-U, Vac-Si₁, and Vac-Si₂ vacancies of U₃Si₅.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: High-detectivity perovskite-based photodetector using a Zr-doped TiOx cathode interlayer

Correction for ‘High-detectivity perovskite-based photodetector using a Zr-doped TiO_x cathode interlayer’ by C. H. Ji et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 8302–8309.

The authors regret that the names of the authors are shown incorrectly in the original article. The corrected author list is as shown above.In addition, the authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 4b was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 4 is as shown below.Open in a separate windowFig. 4Dynamic characteristics of photocurrent response times using a laser diode at a light intensity of 650 μW cm⁻² at 525 nm. (a) Photocurrent response time under −0.1 V at a pulsed frequency of 1 MHz. (b) Cut-off frequency for the perovskite photodetector under −0.1 V.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Thiophene-containing tetraphenylethene derivatives with different aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanofluorochromic characteristics

Four thiophene-containing tetraphenylethene derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized. All these highly fluorescent compounds showed typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and emitted different fluorescence colors including blue-green, green, yellow and orange in the aggregation state. In addition, these luminogens also exhibited various mechanofluorochromic phenomena.

Four thiophene-containing AIE-active TPE derivatives were synthesized. Furthermore, these luminogens exhibited various mechanofluorochromic phenomena.

High-efficiency organic fluorescent materials have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in organic light-emitting devices and fluorescent switches.^1–8 Meanwhile, smart materials sensitive to environmental stimuli have also aroused substantial interest. Mechanochromic luminescent materials exhibiting color changes under the action of mechanical force (such as rubbing or grinding) are one important type of stimuli-responsive smart materials, which can be used as pressure sensors and rewritable media.^9–18 Bright solid-state emission and high contrast before and after grinding are very significant for the high efficient application of mechanochromic fluorescence materials.^19–28 However, a majority of traditional emissive materials usually exhibit poor emission efficiency in the solid state due to the notorious phenomenon of aggregation caused quenching (ACQ), and the best way to solve the problem is to develop a class of novel luminescent materials oppositing to the luminophoric materials with ACQ effect. Fortunately, an unusual aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon was discovered by Tang et al. in 2001.²⁹ Indeed, the light emission of an AIE-active compound can be enhanced by aggregate formation.^30–32 Obviously, it is possible that AIE-active mechanochromic fluorescent compounds can be applied to the preparation of high-efficiency mechanofluorochromic materials. Numerous luminescent materials exhibiting mechanochromic fluorescent behavior have been discovered up to now.³³ Whereas, examples of fluorescent molecules simultaneously possessing AIE and mechanofluorochromic behaviors are still limited, and the exploitation of more AIE-active mechanofluorochromic luminogens is necessary. Organic solid emitters with twisted molecular conformation can effectively prevent the formation of ACQ effect, thus exhibiting strong solid-state luminescence. Tetraphenylethene is a highly twisted fluorophore. Meanwhile, it is also a typical AIE unit, which can be used to construct high emissive stimuli-responsive functional materials.^34–37The design and synthesis of novel organic emitters with tunable emission color has become a promising research topic at present. Only a limited number of organic fluorescent materials with full-color emission have been reported to date.^38,39 For example, in 2018, Tang et al. reported six tetraphenylpyrazine-based compounds. Interestingly, in film states, these luminogens exhibited different fluorescence colors covering the entire visible range, and this is the first example of realizing full-color emission based on the tetraphenylpyrazine unit.⁴⁰ It is still an urgent challenge to develop novel organic luminophors with tunable emission color basing on the same core structure.In this study, four organic fluorophores containing tetraphenylethene unit were successfully synthesized (Scheme 1). Introducing the thiophene and carbonyl units into the molecules possibly promoted the formation of weak intermolecular interactions such as C–H⋯S or C–H⋯O interaction, which was advantageous to the exploitation of interesting stimuli-responsive fluorescent materials. Indeed, all these compounds showed obvious AIE characteristics. Furthermore, these luminogens emitted a series of different fluorescent colors involving blue-green, green, yellow and orange in the aggregation state. In addition, these luminogens also exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic phenomena involving different fluorescent color changes.Open in a separate windowScheme 1The molecular structures of compounds 1–4.To investigate the aggregation-induced properties of compounds 1–4, the UV-vis absorption spectra of 1, 2, 3 and 4 (20 μM) in DMF–H₂O mixtures of varying proportions were studied initially (Fig. S1^†). Obviously, level-off tails were obviously observed in the long-wavelength region as the water content increased. This interesting phenomenon is generally associated with the formation of nano-aggregates.⁴¹ Next, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of 1–4 in DMF–H₂O mixtures with various water fraction (f_w) values were explored. As shown in Fig. 1, almost no PL signals were noticed when a diluted DMF solution of luminogen 1 was excited at 365 nm, and thus almost no fluorescence could be observed upon UV illumination at 365 nm, and the corresponding absolute fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) was as low as 0.04%. However, when the water content was increased to 50%, a new blue-green emission band with a λ_max at 501 nm was observed, and a faint blue-green fluorescence was noticed under 365 nm UV light. As the water content was further increased to 90%, a strong blue-green emission (Φ = 30.81%) could be observed. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. S2,^† the nano-aggregates (f_w = 90%) obtained were confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Therefore, the compound 1 with bright blue-green emission caused by aggregate formation showed typical AIE feature.Open in a separate windowFig. 1(a) Fluorescence spectra of the dilute solutions of compound 1 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different water contents (0–90%). Excitation wavelength = 365 nm. (b) Fluorescence images of 1 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different f_w values under 365 nm UV light.Similarly, as can be seen in Fig. 2–4, compounds 2–4 also showed obvious aggregation-induced green emission, aggregation-induced yellow emission, and aggregation-induced orange emission, respectively. When the water content was zero, the quantum yields of compounds 2–4 were 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.46%, respectively, while as the water content increased to 90%, the corresponding quantum yields of compounds 2–4 also increased to 30.67%, 45.57% and 26.53%, respectively. Hence, luminogens 2–4 were also AIE-active species. In addition, as shown in Fig. 5, the DFT calculations for the compounds 1–4 were performed. The calculated energy gaps (ΔE) of four compounds were 3.6178416 eV (compound 1), 3.276084 eV (compound 2), 3.3073755 eV (compound 3) and 3.0766347 eV (compound 4) respectively. Therefore, the various numbers and the various kinds of the substituents had slight effects on their molecular orbital energy levels of 1–4.Open in a separate windowFig. 2(a) Fluorescence spectra of the dilute solutions of compound 2 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different water contents (0–90%). Excitation wavelength = 365 nm. (b) Fluorescence images of 2 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different f_w values under 365 nm UV light.Open in a separate windowFig. 3(a) Fluorescence spectra of the dilute solutions of compound 3 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different water contents (0–90%). Excitation wavelength = 365 nm. (b) Fluorescence images of 3 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different f_w values under 365 nm UV light.Open in a separate windowFig. 4(a) Fluorescence spectra of the dilute solutions of compound 4 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different water contents (0–90%). Excitation wavelength = 365 nm. (b) Fluorescence images of 4 (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹) in DMF–water mixtures with different f_w values under 365 nm UV light.Open in a separate windowFig. 5(a) HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals of molecule 1 based on DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculation. (b) HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals of molecule 2 based on DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculation. (c) HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals of molecule 3 based on DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculation. (d) HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals of molecule 4 based on DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculation.Subsequently, the mechanochromic fluorescent behaviors of compounds 1–4 were surveyed by solid-state PL spectroscopy. As shown in Fig. 6, the as-synthesized powder sample 1 exhibited an emission band with a λ_max at 444 nm, corresponding to a blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. Intriguingly, a new blue-green light-emitting band with a λ_max at 507 nm was observed after the pristine solid sample was ground. After fuming with dichloromethane solvent vapor for 1 min, the blue-green fluorescence was converted back to the original blue fluorescence. Therefore, luminogen 1 exhibited reversible mechanochromic fluorescence feature. Furthermore, this reversible mechanofluorochromic conversion was repeated many times by grinding-exposure without showing signs of fatigue (Fig. 10).Open in a separate windowFig. 6(a) Solid-state PL spectra of compound 1 before grinding, after grinding, and after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor. Excitation wavelength: 365 nm. Photographic images of compound 1 under 365 nm UV light: (b) the as-synthesized powder sample. (c) The ground sample. (d) The sample after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor.Open in a separate windowFig. 10Repetitive experiment of mechanochromic behavior for compound 1.Similarly, as evident from Fig. 7–9, luminogens 2–4 also exhibited obvious mechanofluorochromic characteristics. Moreover, the repeatabilities of their mechanochromic behaviors were also satisfactory (Fig. S3^†). Hence, all the compounds 1–4 showed reversible mechanofluorochromic phenomena involving different fluorescent color changes, and the various numbers of the substituents could effectively influence the mechanofluorochromic behaviors of 1–4. Obviously, luminogen 3 or 4 after grinding exhibited more red-shifted fluorescence in comparison with that of the corresponding luminogen 1 or 2 after grinding.Open in a separate windowFig. 7(a) Solid-state PL spectra of compound 2 before grinding, after grinding, and after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor. Excitation wavelength: 365 nm. Photographic images of compound 2 under 365 nm UV light: (b) the as-synthesized powder sample. (c) The ground sample. (d) The sample after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor.Open in a separate windowFig. 8(a) Solid-state PL spectra of compound 3 before grinding, after grinding, and after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor. Excitation wavelength: 365 nm. Photographic images of compound 3 under 365 nm UV light: (b) the as-synthesized powder sample. (c) The ground sample. (d) The sample after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor.Open in a separate windowFig. 9(a) Solid-state PL spectra of compound 4 before grinding, after grinding, and after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor. Excitation wavelength: 365 nm. Photographic images of compound 4 under 365 nm UV light: (b) the as-synthesized powder sample. (c) The ground sample. (d) The sample after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor.In order to further explore the possible mechanism of mechanofluorochromism of 1–4, the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements of various solid states of 1–4 were carried out. As depicted in Fig. 11, the pristine solid powder 1 showed many clear and intense reflection peaks, suggesting its crystalline phase. However, after the pristine powder sample was ground, the sharp and intense diffraction peaks vanished, which indicated the crystalline form was converted to the amorphous form. Interestingly, when the ground solid sample was fumigated with dichloromethane solvent vapor for 1 min, the corresponding sample powder exhibited the PXRD pattern of the initial crystalline form. Meanwhile, the structural transformations of the solid samples of 2–4 were similar to that of 1 (Fig. S4–S6^†). Obviously, the morphological changes of solid samples of 1–4 from crystalline state to amorphous state and vice versa could be attributed to the reversible mechanical switching in compounds 1–4, and the mechanofluorochromic phenomena observed in 1–4 were related to the morphological transition involving the ordered crystalline phase and the disordered amorphous phase.Open in a separate windowFig. 11XRD patterns of compound 1: unground, ground and after treatment with dichloromethane solvent vapor.Fortunately, single crystals of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained by slow diffusion of n-hexane into a trichloromethane solution containing small amounts of 1 or 2. As shown in Fig. 12 and ​and13,13, the molecular structures of 1 and 2 exhibited a twisted conformation due to the existence of tetraphenylethene unit. Meanwhile, some weak intermolecular interactions, such as C–H⋯π interaction (d = 2.866 Å) for 1, π⋯π interaction (d = 3.371 Å) for 1, C–H⋯S interaction (d = 2.977 Å) for 2, and π⋯π interaction (d = 3.189 Å) for 2, were observed. These weak intermolecular interactions gave rise to a loose packing motif of 1 or 2, which indicated their ordered crystal packings might readily collapse upon exposure to external mechanical stimulus. Therefore, their solid-state fluorescence could be adjusted by mechanical force.Open in a separate windowFig. 12The structural organization of compound 1.Open in a separate windowFig. 13The structural organization of compound 2.In summary, four fluorescent molecules containing thiophene and tetraphenylethene units were successfully designed and synthesized in this study. All these compounds showed obvious AIE characteristics. Furthermore, these luminogens emitted various fluorescence colors involving blue-green, green, yellow and orange in the aggregation state. Meanwhile, these luminogens basing on the same core structure also exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic phenomena involving different fluorescent color changes. The results of this study will be beneficial for the exploitation of novel luminophors with full-color emission.     

Correction: Variation in surface properties,metabolic capping,and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: comparison of bio-fabrication potential in phytohormone-regulated cell cultures and naturally grown plants

Correction for ‘Variation in surface properties, metabolic capping, and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: comparison of bio-fabrication potential in phytohormone-regulated cell cultures and naturally grown plants’ by Tariq Khan et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 38831–38840, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08419K.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 7 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 7 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 7Venn diagram for the comparative analysis of compounds detected through LC-MS/MS.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Synthesis of a furfural-based DOPO-containing co-curing agent for fire-safe epoxy resins

Correction for ‘Synthesis of a furfural-based DOPO-containing co-curing agent for fire-safe epoxy resins’ by Weiqi Xie et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 1956–1965.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 8 was included in the original article. This was due to FTIR spectra of the commercial reference sample (DGEBA/DDM, EP-0) being confused with those of other samples. The correct version of Fig. 8 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 8FTIR spectra of the pyrolysis products of EP-0 and EP-4.0 at (a) the initial and (b) maximum degradation temperatures.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: A novel G·G·T non-conventional intramolecular triplex formed by the double repeat sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeric DNA

Correction for ‘A novel G·G·T non-conventional intramolecular triplex formed by the double repeat sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeric DNA’ by Aparna Bansal et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 15918–15924, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA00861K.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 6 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 6 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 6Proposed model of the non-conventional triplex comprising G·G·T triplets formed by Chlm2.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: A highly active Z-scheme SnS/Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst fabricated for methylene blue degradation

Correction for ‘A highly active Z-scheme SnS/Zn₂SnO₄ photocatalyst fabricated for methylene blue degradation’ by Yingjing Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 31985–31995, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05519H.

The authors regret that an incorrect version of Fig. 1 was included in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 1 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 1(a) XRD spectra, (b) XPS survey, (c) Zn 2p, (d) Sn 3d, (e) S2p and (f) O 1s spectra of samples.The authors regret that there was an error in the text in lines 5–10 in the right column on page 31987 of the original article. The text originally read, “The binding energy at 530.1 eV and 531.3 eV belongs to the oxygen atom coordinated with a metal atom (Sn–O–Sn) and (Sn–O–Zn), respectively.³⁷ The peak at 531.3 eV is attributed to oxygen in absorbed water, and the binding energy at 532.2 eV is attributed to the oxygen atoms on defect atoms.³⁷” This text should read, “The binding energy at 530.1 eV and 531.3 eV corresponds to the oxygen atom coordinated with a metal atom (Sn–O–Sn) and (Sn–O–Zn),³⁷ and the binding energy at 532.2 eV is attributed to the hydrated species O–H.³⁶”The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Correction: Solution-processed Cu2XSnS4 (X = Fe,Co, Ni) photo-electrochemical and thin film solar cells on vertically grown ZnO nanorod arrays

Correction for ‘Solution-processed Cu₂XSnS₄ (X = Fe, Co, Ni) photo-electrochemical and thin film solar cells on vertically grown ZnO nanorod arrays’ by Anima Ghosh et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 115204–115212.

The authors regret that there were two errors in the original article. In the “Experimental details” section on page 115205, “1 M sodium sulfide at 70–80 °C for 24 h” should have read “0.5 M sodium sulfide at 70–80 °C for 24 h”. Additionally, Fig. 3 parts (b)–(d) were mistakenly reproduced from the authors’ previous publication (ref. 33 in the original article). The correct Fig. 3 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 3(a and b) FESEM images of ZnO nanorod arrays, ZnS sensitized ZnO nanorods; (c and d) cross-sectional images of ZnO nanorod arrays and ZnS sensitized ZnO nanorods. The inset in panel (a) shows ZnO nanorod arrays and the inset in panel (b) shows a magnified view.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.