骨形态发生蛋白7通过PI3K/Akt通路可抑制人髓核细胞的凋亡

背景：骨形态发生蛋白7可促进人髓核细胞的细胞外基质合成,减缓椎间盘退变.近年来,有学者提出其可能通过对抗髓核细胞凋亡从而发挥上述作用,但其进一步的分子机制一直未被详细阐明.目的：观察骨形态发生蛋白7对无血清诱导下发生凋亡的人髓核细胞产生的作用及其对PI3K/Akt通路的影响,分析并探讨骨形态发生蛋白7抑制人髓核细胞凋亡的分子机制.方法：通过改良Pfirrmann分级及相关条件选取12例患者获取椎间盘组织,采用酶消化法获取人髓核细胞后分组实验,以含体积分数15％胎牛血清的培养基正常培养的髓核细胞设为空白组;使用无血清培养基培养48 h诱导凋亡作为阳性对照组;在无血清条件下,通过加入不同剂量的骨形态发生蛋白7以及同时添加PI3K/Akt通路拮抗剂LY294002形成处理组和拮抗组.使用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率;免疫荧光观察p-Akt表达;蛋白印迹法检测Akt,p-Akt,BAD和Caspase 9等通路蛋白的表达变化.结果与结论：无血清凋亡诱导下,流式细胞术结果显示,随着骨形态发生蛋白7处理浓度上升,髓核细胞凋亡率明显下降,加入LY294002共同作用后细胞凋亡率再次升高（P＜0.05）.p-Akt免疫荧光和蛋白印迹法检测结果进一步表明,与凋亡阳性对照组相比,加入骨形态发生蛋白7的实验组中,p-Akt表达明显增加,其下游凋亡相关蛋白BAD、Caspase 9蛋白表达减少（P＜0.05）,而在同时加入Akt通路拮抗剂LY294002后,p-Akt蛋白表达下降而凋亡相关蛋白的表达又恢复到相对较高的水平（P＜0.05）.结果证明,骨形态发生蛋白7在无血清诱导的人类髓核细胞凋亡中通过激活PI3K/Akt通路,拮抗了BAD-Caspase 9相关的细胞凋亡过程,抑制了髓核细胞的退变.     

促红细胞生成素促进内皮祖细胞增殖依赖于PI3K/Akt信号通路

背景：促红细胞生成素能促进组织损伤部位血管生成,与其促进内皮祖细胞增殖、分化密切相关,但促红细胞生成素促进内皮祖细胞增殖、分化的机制尚不清楚。 目的：观察促红细胞生成素对小鼠骨髓来源内皮祖细胞功能活性的影响,并初步阐明其信号机制。 方法：密度梯度离心法分离获取小鼠骨髓内皮祖细胞,鉴定后传代培养,以 PI3K 特异性抑制剂 LY294002作干预处理,实验细胞分为EGM-2组、促红细胞生成素处理组（培养液中促红细胞生成素浓度分别为1,5,10 U/mL）、促红细胞生成素＋LY组（培养液中分别含有10 U/mL促红细胞生成素及10 mmol/L LY294002）、LY组（培养液中含10 mmol/L LY294002）、二甲基亚砜组（培养液中含1 mL/L二甲基亚砜）,分别采用CCK8试剂盒、流式细胞法检测细胞增殖和凋亡,采用ELISA法检测细胞裂解液内皮型一氧化氮合酶、血管内皮生长因子含量,Western blot法测定细胞裂解液中Akt及p-Akt表达。 结果与结论：促红细胞生成素能显著促进内皮祖细胞增殖,并随培养基中促红细胞生成素含量增加而呈现量效关系,而促红细胞生成素的促增殖作用可被 LY294002完全抑制。促红细胞生成素处理组细胞凋亡率明显低于促红细胞生成素＋LY组。LY组、促红细胞生成素＋LY组细胞裂解液中内皮型一氧化氮合酶、血管内皮生长因子含量显著低于促红细胞生成素处理各组。各组 Akt 表达无明显差异,而促红细胞生成素＋LY 组 p-Akt表达显著低于促红细胞生成素各组。上述结果提示,促红细胞生成素能显著促进体外培养的内皮祖细胞的增殖、降低内皮祖细胞的凋亡率,其作用依赖于PI3K/Akt信号通路。     

Retracted Article: Daphnetin inhibits proliferation and glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin compound, has shown antitumor and energy metabolism regulatory activities. However, the effects of daphnetin on cell proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains unknown. In this study, the effects of daphnetin on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism have been examined. The results showed that daphnetin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, and induced CRC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, daphnetin suppressed intracellular glucose and lactate production, and downregulated the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in CRC cells. Furthermore, daphnetin prevented activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in CRC cells. These findings demonstrated that daphnetin inhibited the proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in CRC cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, daphnetin has potential as a novel anticancer agent for CRC treatment.

Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin compound, has shown antitumor and energy metabolism regulatory activities.     

KU004 induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer SKBR-3 cells by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway

KU004 is a newly synthesized compound which has been demonstrated possessing potent anti-cancer activities through targeting the highly-expressed protein HER2 on the surface of the cells. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of KU004 in the induced-cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells. KU004 could not only inhibit the proliferation of SK-BR-3 in a concentration-dependent manner but also induce G1 phase arrest in SK-BR-3 cells. The western blot results showed KU004 decreased the expression of cyclin D, CDK-4, p-Rb708/780, and up-regulated the p21. In order to verify whether KU004 takes the anti-tumor effect thought the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, we used western blot to detect the expression of protein Akt, Her2, p-Akt and p-Her2. Our results shown that after KU004 treatment, the amount of p-Akt and p-Her2 decreased but the total amount of Akt and Her2 remained unchanged. In conclusion, these results provide a framework for further exploration of KU004 as a novel chemotherapeutic for human breast tumors by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway.     

The tumor-suppressor gene LZTS1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by impairing PI3K/Akt pathway

BackgroundTo study the role of LZTS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation and the molecular mechanism involved.MethodsLZTS1 expression was studied in 10 HCC cell lines and 1 normal hepatocyte cell line by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. One HCC cell line was selected and transfected with LZTS1 lentivirus. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were then determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. LZTS1, cyclin D1, CDK1, Cdc25C, pS473 Akt, and pT308 Akt mRNA and protein expressions were measured. PS473 Akt and pT308 Akt expression level was also compared with the HCC cells treated with LY294002.ResultsCompared with the normal hepatocyte cells, LZTS1 expression in HCC cells was significantly lower. After the transfection with LZTS1 lentivirus, HCC cell proliferation ability decreased markedly and HCC cells were blocked at G2/M phase. Cyclin D1 and CDK1 expression were both decreased but not significantly. Cdc25C expression was increased significantly. PS473 Akt and pT308 Akt expression level was increased significantly as well, which were almost the same with those transfected with LY294002.ConclusionLZTS1 could inhibit HCC cell proliferation by impairing PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Long non-coding RNA CASC2 enhanced cisplatin-induced viability inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway through down-regulation of miR-18a and miR-21

Long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (lncRNA CASC2) is a tumor suppressor and has been proved to contribute to chemotherapy efficacy. However, the effect of CASC2 on cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CASC2 in regulating cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells. Herein, we found that CASC2 was low-expressed, while miR-18a and miR-21 were over-expressed in NSCLC cell lines. CASC2 enhanced the inhibition effect of cisplatin on cell viability. Down-regulation of miR-18a and miR-21 exhibited the similar effect to CASC2 and mimics of miR-18a and miR-21 displayed the opposite effect to CASC2. MiR-18a and miR-21 were two targets of CASC2 in NSCLC. PTEN was found to be a target of miR-18a and miR-21 in NSCLC. CASC2 overexpression increased PTEN expression level and reduced the ratio of p-Akt/Akt. MiR-18a or miR-21 mimics attenuated the effect of CASC2 overexpression on the PTEN expression and ratio of p-Akt/Akt. The results suggested that CASC2 enhanced cisplatin-induced viability inhibition of NSCLC cells via PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway through suppressing miR-18a and miR-21 expression.

Long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (lncRNA CASC2) is a tumor suppressor and has been proved to contribute to chemotherapy efficacy.     

竹节香附素A通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 观察竹节香附素A（RDA）对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 分别使用0、5、10、20及40μmol/L的RDA干预HeLa细胞48 h,CCK-8实验测定细胞增殖率,计算半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）,确定药物浓度。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞中B细胞淋巴瘤2家族蛋白（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、活化胱天蛋白酶-3（Cleaved-caspase-3）、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（p-PI3K）、磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-Akt）、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（p-mTOR）的蛋白表达水平。将HeLa细胞分为4组,即空白对照组、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）组、RDA组和联合用药组,检测及比较各组细胞增殖率、凋亡率和p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白相对表达量。结果 随着RDA浓度的增加,HeLa细胞的增殖率降低、凋亡率升高（P均< 0.05）,Bax、Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白相对表达量升高（P均< 0.05）,Bcl-2、p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白相对表达量降低（P均< 0.05）;IGF-1激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路后,RDA仍然能抑制HeLa细胞增殖（P均< 0.05）,降低p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白相对表达量（P均< 0.05）。结论 RDA可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞产生抑制增殖与促进凋亡的效果。     

CKS1B promotes cell proliferation and invasion by activating STAT3/PD‐L1 and phosphorylation of Akt signaling in papillary thyroid carcinoma

ObjectiveTo investigate role of GKS1B and its relationship between STAT3/PD‐L1 and p‐Akt in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsExpression of GKS1B and PD‐L1 was determined in PTC cell lines. GKS1B was overexpressed or knocked down by transfection with overexpression plasmids or si‐CKS1B. STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 was used to suppress STAT3, and PD‐L1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab was used to block PD‐L1. Cell viability and invasion were evaluated by MTT and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of STAT3, p‐STAT3, Akt, and p‐Akt was measured using Western blotting.ResultsBoth protein levels and mRNA levels of CKS1B and PD‐L1 were remarkably up‐regulated in PTC cell lines. Knockdown of CKS1B significantly inhibited cell viability and invasion of PTC cells and suppressed STAT3/PD‐L1 signaling and Akt phosphorylation, while overexpression of CKS1B led to opposite results. Inhibition of STAT3 or PD‐L1 reversed the effects of overexpressed CKS1B on PTC cells.ConclusionThe overexpression of CSK1B could promote cell viability and invasion of PTC cells through activation of STAT3/PD‐L1 signaling and Akt phosphorylation.     

人转录激活因子5在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中转录激活因子5(ATF5)基因的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测ATF5在57例NSCLC患者肺癌组织以及癌旁正常肺组织中的表达,并按照性别、年龄、吸烟、病理分型、病理分期、淋巴结转移及分化程度将其分组,分析ATF5在不同组间表达的差别以及ATF5与癌胚抗原(CEA)的相关性。结果 ATF5在NSCLC中的表达率显著高于癌旁正常肺组织(P0.01);ATF5在NSCLC中的表达与性别、年龄、吸烟与否、病理分期、有无淋巴结转移均无相关性(P0.05),而与肺癌的病理分型及分化程度有相关性(P0.05):ATF5在腺癌中的表达显著高于鳞癌,在低分化组中的表达显著高于高-中分化组;ATF5表达与CEA异常有关(P0.05)。结论 ATF5在NSCLC中的高表达可能与肿瘤的发生、发展有关。     

Tanshinone IIA protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

ObjectiveTo determine the mechanism by which Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) relieves myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.MethodsSprague-Dawley (SD) rats received an intravenous injection of Tan IIA and LY294002 and were divided into the sham, control (myocardial ischemia reperfusion), Tan-L (low-dose Tan IIA), Tan-H (high-dose Tan IIA), Tan-L + LY (low-dose Tan IIA + LY294002), Tan-H + LY (high-dose Tan IIA + LY294002) and LY (LY294002) groups. Cardiomyocytes obtained from neonatal rats were treated with hypoxia reoxygenatin, Tan IIA and LY294002 and divided into the blank, control, Tan-L, Tan-H, Tan-L + LY, Tan-H + LY and LY groups. Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum and cardiomyocytes were measured. Area of necrosis/area at risk (AN/AAR) was determined with double staining of TTC and Evan’s blue; viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes with MTT and TUNEL assays; SOD, MDA, H₂O₂, SDH and COX levels in heart mitochondria together with PI3K/Akt/mTOR and eNOS expressions and phosphorylation with Western blotting.ResultsThe Tan-L and Tan-H groups showed a remarkable decrease in AN/AAR, serum CK-MB and LDH, mitochondrial MDA and H₂O₂ levels but an increase in SOD activity, SDH and COX levels compared with the control group. However, compared with the Tan-L and Tan-H groups, the Tan-L + LY, Tan-H + LY and LY groups indicated an inverse tendency of those indicators. As shown by MTT and TUNEL, the control group had more severe cell damage than the blank group. Furthermore, cell damage and apoptosis were less severe in the Tan-L and Tan-H groups than in the control group, while the Tan-L + LY, Tan-H + LY and LY groups showed an opposite tendency when compared with the Tan-L and Tan-H groups. Meanwhile, the Tan-L and Tan-H groups showed significantly higher expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, mTOR and p-eNOS/eNOS than the control group, whereas the Tan-L + LY, Tan-H + LY and LY groups had lower expression levels than the Tan-L and Tan-H groups.ConclusionOur study provided evidence that Tan IIA could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to relieve MIRI in rats.     

过表达糖原合成酶1对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖能力的影响

目的 探讨糖原合成酶（GYS1）对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖能力的影响。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测正常人支气管上皮样细胞系HBE细胞和非小细胞肺癌细胞系NCI-H661、NCI-H1299中GYS1 mRNA相对表达量。过表达NCI-H1299细胞的GYS1,构建GYS1过表达细胞模型,采用MTT增殖实验、EdU增殖实验评估细胞的增殖能力,应用平板克隆形成实验评估细胞的克隆形成能力。结果 人非小细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H661、NCI-H1299中GYS1 mRNA的表达水平高于人正常支气管上皮样细胞HBE的表达水平（P均< 0.001）。NCI-H1299-GYS1过表达细胞的GYS1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均上调（P均< 0.001）。过表达GYS1促进了NCI-H1299细胞的增殖和克隆形成（P均< 0.001）。结论 GYS1在非小细胞肺癌中高表达,过表达GYS1促进了非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖。     

Silencing TRIM37 inhibits the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells

Tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37), a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, has been involved in the development and progression of several tumors. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and role of TRIM37 in NSCLC. Our results showed that TRIM37 was highly expressed in human NSCLC cell lines. Knockdown of TRIM37 obviously inhibited the proliferation in vitro and xenografted tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of TRIM37 suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Lastly, knockdown of TRIM37 greatly down-regulated the protein expression levels of β-catenin, cyclinD1 and c-myc in A549 cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed that TRIM37 plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC. Thus, TRIM37 may act a potential therapeutic target for treating NSCLC.

Tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37), a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, has been involved in the development and progression of several tumors.     

EPHA5 mutation impairs natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity against non-small lung cancer cells and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion

AimThis study aims to evaluate the role of the EPHA5 mutation in the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in modulating the killing effect of natural killer (NK) cells to NSCLC cells.MethodsEPHA5-wt (wild type) and EPHA5-mut (mutation) plasmids were constructed. EPHA5 was silenced using si-EPHA5. NSCLC cell migration and invasion were determined using Transwell assays. NK cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The killing effect of NK cells to NSCLC cells was also examined.ResultsEPHA5 mutation significantly promoted migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, EPHA5 mutation notably impaired the cytotoxicity of NK cells against NSCLC cells. In contrast, EPHA5-wt overexpression and EPHA5 silencing exerted the opposite effect.ConclusionEPHA5 mutation impairs the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and promotes migration and invasion in NSCLC cells.     

RACK1 promotes the proliferation,migration and invasion capacity of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in vitro probably by PI3K/Rac1 signaling pathway

Hca-P and Hca-F is a pair of synogenetic mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell lines, possessing different capacity of lymphatic metastasis. Receptor of activated C-kinase 1 (Rack1), together with Jnk1 and gelsolin (Gsn) were previously identified as differentially expressed proteins for lymphatic metastatic potential between the two cell lines. As an intracellular scaffold protein, Rack1 could recruit such signaling molecules as integrins, Src, PKC which are involved in many important biological processes and play key roles in cancer progression. In our present studies, pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1, a eukaryotic expression plasmid, was constructed and stably transfected into Hca-P cells with a low metastatic potential. CCK8 assay and transwell system were used to evaluate the effects of Rack1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of Hca-P cells in vitro. Then, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, was added into the culture medium of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells and their biological behaviors observed further. Moreover, the expression of Jnk1, Rac1 and Gsn of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells were detected by western blot after pretreated with various doses of LY294002. As a result, the proliferation, migration and invasion of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells were significantly enhanced and could be inhibited by LY294002. In addition, the expression of Gsn, Rac1 and Jnk1 of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells also decreased after pretreated with LY294002. The expression of Gsn can be inhibited by NSC33766 (an inhibitor of Rac1). Taken together, Rack1/PI3K/Rac1 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in malignant biological behaviors of mouse hepatocarcinoma cells with lymphatic metastasis potential. It may be a potential target for therapy of cancer lymphatic metastasis.     

β-Escin inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells via blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway

β-Escin exhibits anticancer effects on a panel of established cancer cells. However, the effects of β-escin on human osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether β-escin was effective against OS both in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that β-escin induced dose- and time-dependent effects against MG-63, OS732, U-2OS, HOS and SAOS-2 cell proliferation. β-Escin also exhibited excellent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in an established OS xenograft model. β-Escin and cytotoxic drugs, including cisplatin, methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (Dox) and ifosfamide (Ifos), synergistically inhibited proliferation of MG-63 and OS732 cells in vitro. Moreover, β-escin induced apoptotic death, activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and regulated expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in MG-63 cells. In addition, our results showed that β-escin treatment reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR both in MG-63 cells and in an MG-63 xenograft OS model. Interestingly, SC79, which is an Akt activator, inhibited the anti-proliferative effects of β-escin on MG-63 cells. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that β-escin effectively inhibits OS proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effect of β-escin, at least in part, is due to the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

β-Escin exhibits anticancer effects on a panel of established cancer cells. However, the effects of β-escin on human osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown.     

TIGAR调节肺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭能力研究

目的探讨P53下游基因TIGAR在肺癌细胞A549增殖、迁移及侵袭中的作用。方法采用siRNA技术在A549细胞中干扰TIGAR的表达,细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖,小室法检测细胞迁移,肿瘤细胞侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭,免疫印迹杂交检测相关蛋白水平变化。结果在A549细胞中成功干扰TIGAR后,细胞增殖显著降低(P0.05),细胞迁移和侵袭能力显著减弱,侵袭相关蛋白基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的表达量均下调。结论 TIGAR促进肺癌细胞A549的增殖,并促进细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。     

Aldosterone alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating epithelial sodium channel through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 signaling pathway

Reduced alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is a major pathological feature of acute lung injury (ALI). Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating the transport of Na⁺ and clearing alveolar edema fluid effectively. ENaC has been reported to be regulated by aldosterone in the distal collecting tube of the kidney. We hypothesized whether aldosterone regulated ENaC in alveolar epithelium and correspondingly played a role in ALI. In this study we found that the expression of aldosterone synthesis encoding gene, CYP11B2, and ENaC were decreased in the lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, aldosterone alleviated ALI by increasing the expression of ENaC-α and relieving pulmonary edema. Besides, we found that aldosterone upregulated ENaC-α through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that aldosterone attenuated pulmonary edema by upregulating ENaC-α through the PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway in LPS-induced ALI, indicating that aldosterone might be a promising adjuvant drug for ALI treatment.