系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者抗C1q抗体检测的诊断价值

目的探讨血清中抗C1q抗体浓度与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)活动度及进展的相关性,及抗C1q抗体对于狼疮肾(LN)患者临床诊断意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验,对66例狼疮肾患者(LN组)和86例无肾炎临床表现的SLE患者(非LN组)的血清进行检测分析。按照SLEDAI评分标准,将152例SLE患者,分为SLEDAI≥10组和SLEDAI<10组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测抗C1q抗体阳性率,并与SLE活动度程度进行相关性分析。结果 LN组血清中抗C1q抗体浓度显著高于非LN组(P<0.01),抗体阳性率明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);SLEDAI≥10组中,抗C1q抗体浓度及阳性率明显升高(P<0.01)。抗C1q抗体浓度越高,SLEDAI评分也越高。与LN变化相关抗体有:抗C1q抗体、抗Sm抗体,与SLEDAI相关抗体有:抗C1q抗体。结论抗C1q抗体浓度可以作为SLE患者反映肾脏损伤的重要指标,并可以成为LN诊断和判断活动性大小的重要指标,与SLE的发生发展过程有着密切的相关性并且能较好的反映SLE患者疾病的活动性大小。     

不孕不育患者血清中相关抗体检测临床研究

目的探讨自身免疫抗体血清学检测的意义及与不孕不育的相关性。方法将70例不孕不育患者作为观察组,另选健康体检者50例作为对照组。使用胶体金法检测2组患者血清中的抗精子抗体(AsAb)、抗子宫内膜抗体(EmAb)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACAb)、抗卵巢抗体(AoAb)。结果观察组AsAb、EmAb、ACAb、AoAb阳性率高于对照组;观察组男性AsAb阳性率为16.7%,低于女性的22.4%,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论自身免疫抗体在不孕不育人群中有较高的阳性率。     

200例习惯性流产与生殖免疫相关性的研究

目的 :通过对原因不明的习惯性流产 (HA)患者进行多项抗生殖抗体的筛查 ,研究HA与抗生殖抗体的关系。方法 :选择 2 0 0例原因不明的HA为流产组 ,70例健康孕妇为对照组 ,对两组采用金标免疫斑点法检测血清抗心磷脂抗体 (ACAb)、抗子宫内膜抗体 (EMAb)、抗精子抗体 (AsAb) ,用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清抗绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体 (HCGAb)。结果 :ACAb阳性率 1 9 0 0 %,EMAb阳性率 30 0 0 %,HCGAb阳性率 2 2 5 0 %,ASAb阳性率 2 8 0 0 %,对照组以上指标阳性率分别为 5 71 %,4 2 8%,1 1 4 %,5 70 %。HA组自身抗体阳性率均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :多数原因不明性HA患者体内存在生殖抗体 ,它们的存在可能是原因不明性的HA原因之一。     

男性不育症解脲支原体感染与抗精子抗体阳性的关系

目的研究男性不育症中解脲支原体(Uu)感染与血清抗精子抗体(AsAb)阳性的关系。方法 154例不育症患者和38例男性生育组的精浆检验解脲支原体,采用培养法;血清抗精子抗体(AsAb)检测采用ELISA方法。结果在154例不育症患者中解脲支原体Uu阳性率为50.7%,38例生育组男性解脲支原体Uu阳性率为7.6%,不育组与生育组的解脲支原体感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。解脲支原体阳患者血清中抗精子抗体的阳性率是41.02%,明显高于解脲支原体(Uu)阴性组患者血清中抗精子抗体,阳性率6.57%(P<0.01)。结论男性生殖道解脲支原体Uu感染与血清中抗精子抗体AsAb阳性具有相关性,对诊疗男性不育有指导意义。     

PCR法检测乳腺癌患者血清抗p53蛋白抗体的研究

目的为乳腺癌诊断提供血清学新方法.方法用免疫-聚合酶链反应（immuno-polymerase chain reanon,PCR）法检测血清抗p53蛋白（一种抑癌基因）抗体,酶免疫组化方法检测组织p53蛋白表达.结果乳腺癌患者血清抗p53蛋白抗体阳性率为39.5%,而非癌患者和正常人血清抗p53蛋白抗体均为阴性,乳腺癌患者血清中抗p53蛋白抗体显著高于非癌患者和正常人（P＜0.01）.p53蛋白阳性表达的乳腺癌患者抗p53蛋白抗体阳性率为64.2%,明显高于p53蛋白阴性表达组,血清p53抗体测定与p53蛋白表达密切相关（P＜0.01）.结论检测血清抗p53蛋白抗体是检测组织p53蛋白理想的替代工具,抗p53蛋白抗体可以作为乳腺癌血清学诊断新标志,用于乳腺癌的普查和早期诊断.     

抗SmD1抗体在诊断系统性红斑狼疮中的意义

目的探讨血清抗SmD1抗体检测对诊断系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的意义。方法分别检测95例SLE组患者、106例病例对照组患者及72例健康组血清中的自身抗体,其中抗核抗体(ANA)和抗SmD1抗体的检测用ELISA法,抗Sm抗体、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体、抗核小体抗体(ANuA)的检测用免疫印迹法。结果 SLE组患者血清中抗SmD1抗体阳性率为75.8%,抗Sm抗体的阳性率为28.4%,两者阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论抗SmD1抗体的特异性较高,敏感度也高于抗Sm抗体,可以作为诊断SLE的一项参考指标,特异性抗体的联合检测可以提高SLE诊断的敏感度。     

高敏C-反应蛋白与抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体联合检测诊断类风湿关节炎的价值

目的探讨联合检测高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)在类风湿关节炎(RA)诊断中的临床意义及应用价值。方法选择RA患者57例(RA组),对照组为排除与类风湿相关疾病健康体检者,用日立7180全自动生化分析仪、胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测hs-CRP和类风湿因子(RF),用罗氏E411全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪、电化学发光法检测抗CCP抗体,并对3项指标的检测结果进行分析比较。结果 RA组患者血清hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RA组患者单项指标检测hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体阳性率分别为66.7%、54.4%、73.7%,3项指标联合检测阳性率达91.2%,联合检测阳性率与单项指标检测阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组单项指标检测hs-CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体阳性率分别为2.4%、4.9%、2.4%,3项指标联合检测阳性率为7.3%,联合检测阳性率与单项指标检测阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP、抗CCP抗体联合检测可显著提高对RA的诊断特异性,提高RA的检出率。     

抗自身抗体与系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动性及狼疮肾炎关系的探讨

目的研究抗C1q抗体、抗核小体抗体(AnuA)、抗dsDNA抗体及抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(AN-CA)等自身抗体与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)疾病活动性及肾损害。方法测定93例初诊SLE患者血清抗Clq、Anu-A、抗核抗体(ANA)、抗dsDNA、ANCA、抗Sm。结果狼疮肾炎(LN)患者血清抗C1q抗体浓度及阳性率显著高于无肾炎表现的狼疮对照组。无论患者有无肾损害,狼疮疾病活动患者抗C1q抗体浓度及阳性率显著高于疾病稳定的狼疮对照组。而AnuA和抗dsDNA抗体只在伴有狼疮肾损害的疾病活动组即活动LN的阳性率显著高于非活动LN对照组。进一步分析,在活动性LN组血清抗C1q抗体和AnuA双阳性的概率为63.6%,而无一例抗C1q抗体和AnuA同时阴性。相反,在非活动LN的SLE对照组患者无抗C1q抗体和AnuA双阳性。LN组抗C1q、AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体阳性率显著高于非LN组。SLE疾病活动组抗Clq抗体、AnuA、抗dsDNA阳性率显著高于疾病稳定组。活动LN抗Clq抗体、AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体阳性率显著高于非活动LN。活动LN组抗C1q抗体、AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体及ANCA阳性率显著高于其他SLE组。结论抗C1q抗体、抗核小体抗体、抗dsDNA抗体都是狼疮疾病活动的指标,均与LN有关,可以相互补充,联合检测可以提高LN及疾病活动检出率。     

抗核抗体谱检测对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断价值

目的评价抗核抗体谱在SLE诊断中的应用价值。方法用间接免疫荧光法测定抗ANA抗体、抗dsDNA抗体;用免疫印迹法检测抗ENA抗体谱。结果112例SLE患者血清中抗核抗体谱的阳性率分别为ANA97.3%、RNP30.4%、Sm30.4%、SSA52.6%、SSB14.3%、dsDNA77.7%、AnuA59.8%;抗dsDNA比抗Sm抗体阳性率高(P<0.01),两种抗体检测结果有相关性(P<0.01),抗dsDNA抗体与抗AnuA抗体阳性率有显著性差异(P<0.01),两种抗体检测结果无相关性(P>0.05);抗AnuA抗体阳性率明显高于抗Sm(P<0.01),两种抗体检测有相关性(P<0.01)。结论抗核抗体谱的检测对SLE的诊断、治疗及疗效观察有重要意义;多项抗体联合检测可提高SLE免疫学诊断的阳性率。     

抗C1q抗体在狼疮肾炎血清中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨抗C1q抗体在狼疮肾炎(LN)患者血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法:使用ELISA法对46例LN患者血清进行检测,并与31例无肾炎临床表现的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者作对照。结果:LN患者血清中抗C1q抗体浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。LN患者中抗C1q抗体有较高的阳性率,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:在LN患者中,存在着抗C1q抗体的高表达。抗C1q抗体在LN发病中起重要的作用,在LN诊断和判定其活动性方面有重要作用。     

Speciation of arsenic compounds in urine from occupationally unexposed and exposed persons in the U.K. using a routine LC-ICP-MS method

This paper describes a routine, robust, and reproducible liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) speciation method for five arsenic compounds [arsenobetaine (AB), arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] in urine. Concentrations of these arsenic species in urine samples are reported in two sets of non-occupationally exposed controls with one set having consumed fish within 24 h (n = 31) and the other not having consumed fish for 48 h (n = 34). Arsenic species in urine samples from workers in both the timber treatment industry (n = 49) and semiconductor industry (n = 46) are also reported. The arsenic content in all of the samples was also determined using hydride-generation coupled with ICP-MS. The results show that urine samples from people not occupationally exposed to arsenic contain low levels of DMA, MMA, and AB and that only urine from smokers contained any inorganic arsenic. Consumption of seafood was seen to significantly increase the levels of AB and DMA in the unexposed persons. Urine samples from the semiconductor workers exhibited significantly higher levels of arsenite, arsenate, and DMA than the unexposed samples. The urine samples from timber treatment workers exhibited significantly higher levels of four arsenic species (not AB) than those observed in both the control groups and the semi-conductor workers.     

Curvi-linear relation between acetone in breathing zone air and acetone in urine among workers exposed to acetone vapor.

An occupational health study was conducted on 45 acetone-exposed male workers in combination with 343 non-exposed men to examine the quantitative relationship between the intensity of acetone vapor exposure and the concentration of acetone in urine. The time-weighted average acetone concentrations were measured by means of diffusive samplers with water as absorbent, whereas urine samples were collected at the end of the shift as well as before the shift on the next morning. Acetone concentration in shift-end urine did not increase when the workers were exposed to acetone up to approx. 15 ppm, and this was followed by a gradual increase at a higher atmospheric acetone concentration, in a manner dependent to acetone vapor concentration. The comparison in acetone concentrations between the urine samples collected at the shift-end and those before the shift of the next morning showed that the levels in two sets of samples were the same among those exposed to 15 or less ppm acetone, whereas acetone in the shift-end samples was significantly higher than the counterpart levels in the pre-shift samples among those exposed to acetone at more than 15 ppm.     

Stereometabolism of styrene in man: gas chromatographic determination of phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and phenylethanol isomers in the urine of occupationally-exposed persons

A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and phenylethanol isomers is described and applied to the investigation of urine samples from occupationally styrene-exposed workers (11 males, six females) and an unexposed control group. Phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and 2-phenylethanol were present in the urine samples of exposed and unexposed individuals whereas 1-DL-phenylethanol was not found in control urine. The L/D enantiomer ratio of phenylethyleneglycol was found to be approximately 3 in the exposed group and 1.5 in the control group. Because of the close structural relation of these metabolites to the primarily formed epoxide, the results give further insight into the stereotoxicity of styrene in manDedicated to Professor Dr. H. Weichardt on the occasion of his 70th birthdayPart of the unpublished dissertation of M. Korn     

Primary DNA damage in chrome-plating workers

In order to evaluate the primary DNA damage due to occupational exposure to chromium (VI), DNA strand-breaks and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes were measured in a group of 19 chrome-plating workers. DNA strand-breaks was assessed by alkaline (pH>13) single-cell microgel electrophoresis ('comet') assay, while apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry after propidium iodide staining of the cells. Concentrations of chromium in urine, erythrocytes and lymphocytes were investigated as biological indicators of exposure. A group of 18 hospital workers (control group I) and another 20 university personnel (control group II) without exposure to chromium were also studied as controls. The results of the study show that chrome-plating workers have higher levels of chromium in urine, erythrocytes and lymphocytes than unexposed workers. Comet tail moment values, assumed as index of DNA damage, are increased in chromium-exposed workers and results are significantly correlated to chromium lymphocyte concentrations. No difference emerged in the percentage of apoptotic nuclei in exposed and unexposed workers. The study confirms that measurements of chromium in erythrocytes and lymphocytes may provide useful information about recent and past exposure to hexavalent chromium at the workplace. The increase in DNA strand-breaks measured by comet assay suggests this test is valid for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to genotoxic compounds such as chromium (VI).     

The risk of occupational exposure to mercury vapor in some public dental clinics of Baghdad city,Iraq

Background: Dental workers are exposed to elevated levels of elemental mercury vapor substantially above the occupational exposure standards when placing or removing mercury/silver tooth restorations and disposing of mercury waste. This results in a significant increase in occupational exposure and risk of mercury intoxication.

Methods: To evaluate the occupational exposure of dental workers to amalgam in four dental clinics in Baghdad city, the concentrations of mercury vapor were measured seasonally from February to November 2016. Samples of blood and urine were collected from 30 dental workers (exposed individuals) and five non-occupationally exposed individuals. Biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), renal enzymes (urea and creatinine), total protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed.

Results: The results indicated that mercury vapor levels varied from 84.7?±?18.67 to 609.3?±?238.90?µg/m³ and most concentrations were above the occupational exposure standards. The results of the biochemical parameters showed a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and no significant increase in blood urea and creatinine in dental workers in comparison with unexposed persons (control). Although the results showed a significant reduction in the levels of glutathione and total protein, there was no significant decrease in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in exposed dental workers when compared with non-occupationally exposed individuals.

Conclusions: It is concluded that mercury vapor concentrations in the indoor air of some dental clinics in Baghdad city are high and exceed the OSHA STEL(Occupational Safety and Health Administration Short Term Exposure Limit). The present data showed that altered biochemical parameters can be used as efficient bioindicators for mercury toxicity.     

氯丁二烯对人体的免疫毒性研究

检测了７０名氯丁二烯（ＣＢＤ）作业工人和３０名非接触毒物人员的细胞免疫、红细胞免疫和体液免疫。与正常对照相比，ＣＢＤ作业工人Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４细胞百分率降低，ＣＤ８细胞百分率升高，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值降低；细胞免疫功能降低，免疫调控发生紊乱；免疫球蛋白ｌｇＧ及补体Ｃ３降低。结果表明，ＣＢＤ对机体具有明显的免疫毒性。     

DNA damage and susceptibility assessment in industrial workers exposed to styrene

Styrene is a widely used chemical in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, resins, polyesters, and plastics. The highest levels of human exposure to styrene occur during the production of reinforced plastic products. The objective of this study was to examine occupational exposure to styrene in a multistage approach, in order to integrate the following endpoints: styrene in workplace air, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids (MA + PGA) in urine, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei (MN), DNA damage (comet assay), and genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes (CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1). Seventy-five workers from a fiberglass-reinforced plastics factory and 77 unexposed controls took part in the study. The mean air concentration of styrene in the breathing zone of workers (30.4 ppm) and the mean concentration of urinary metabolites (MA + PGA = 443 ± 44 mg/g creatinine) exceeded the threshold limit value (TLV) and the biological exposure index (BEI). Significantly higher SCE frequency rate and DNA damage were observed in exposed workers, but MN frequency was not markedly modified by exposure. With respect to the effect of genetic polymorphisms on different exposure and effect biomarkers studied, an increase in SCE levels with elevated microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity was noted in exposed workers, suggesting a possible exposure-genotype interaction.     

Regulation of blood haemoglobin and electrolytes in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Richardson) exposed to nitrite

Rainbow trout (30–70 g) were exposed to environmental nitrite for periods varying from 2 to 24 h, and after 12 h blood plasma nitrite concentration was eight times the environmental levels (0.5 mmol 1⁻¹). The rise was followed by an increase in methaemoglobin levels from around 3% to over 60%. After 2 h nitrite exposure the concentrations of plasma potassium, sodium and chloride fell, followed 2 h later by an increase in intra-erythrocyte potassium and sodium concentration with increased red cell volume. Twelve h nitrite exposure led to an increase in the red cell population, the new cells being smaller and containing less haemoglobin. After 24 h exposure, fish fell into two groups: nitrite-intolerant fish with high levels of plasma nitrite and methaemoglobin and nitrite-tolerant fish with low plasma levels. All fish surviving 24 h nitrite exposure had lower plasma potassium levels than unexposed fish.     

Mercury-selenium interaction in workers exposed to elemental mercury vapor

Mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) levels were determined for erythrocytes, plasma and urine of 25 male and 29 female workers exposed to elemental mercury (Hgo) vapor. Interrelationship between the Hg levels and the Se levels was examined by the correlational analysis and the stepwise regression analysis. Indicators of Se status (erythrocyte Se levels, plasma Se levels and urinary Se levels) were closely intercorrelated; similarly, indicators of exposure to Hgo vapor (erythrocyte inorganic Hg levels, plasma Hg levels and urinary Hg levels) were significantly intercorrelated. Since plasma Hg level was one of the significant independent variables in determining the erythrocyte Se and plasma Se levels, Hgo vapor exposure was thought likely to influence the Se metabolism in workers. None of the Se status indicators were significant as determinants of the indicators of Hgo vapor exposure.     

The cross-sectional study of the health effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide in a Chinese viscose plant

This article presents results of carbon disulfide exposure assessment in a Chinese viscose rayon factory and represents the cross-sectional study beginning phase of the occupational epidemiological project. The authors measured external exposure levels to carbon disulfide at a Chinese viscose rayon factory and monitored results as internal exposure indexes by testing urine samples of workers exposed to carbon disulfide levels. The rate at which carbon disulfide is metabolized by exposed subjects was demonstrated by 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) concentrations in urine of exposed subjects, which was studied to determine best time points for internal exposure sampling. Carbon disulfide concentrations in the air of the workplace were analyzed with gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD); presence of TTCA in urine samples of subjects was determined using a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. Kinetics of TTCA excretion was studied by analysis at different time points during and after exposure of workers to carbon disulfide. A total of 155 personal samples were obtained. Carbon disulfide concentration at staple viscose hall was found to be 13.72 +/- 1.12 mg/m3 in terms of geometric mean and geometric standard deviation. Carbon disulfide concentration at filament spinning hall was found to be 20.05 +/- 1.33 mg/m3. TTCA values of subjects at staple spinning hall were 1.18 +/- 0.43 and 1.07 +/- 0.38 mg/g creatinine for subjects working at filament spinning hall. The best time for TTCA sampling is at the end of the exposure-working shift.