Staining of antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against removable nuclear antigens in connective tissue diseases

Introduction and objectivesConnective tissue diseases are inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and threaten quality of life. To determine the relationship between staining patterns of antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens in patients with connective tissue disease.Materials and methodsObservational, basic, analytical and transversal study. Study conducted in the Immunology Service of the Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital between January 2017 and June 2017. We analyzed 291 samples of patients with CTD and for the detection of anti-nuclear antibody staining patterns, the immunological kit and observation with microscope of at 40X Immunofluorescence and for the detection of the antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens. The Immunoblot method was employed. Statistical analyses were carried out with the statistical package SPSS version 21 for Windows. We used the Pearson Chi-square test for the categorical variables, a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThere was a significant relationship p < 0.05 of the homogeneous pattern, the mottled pattern with Anti-histones (p = 0.000), Anti-nucleosomes (p = 0.000), Anti-Ro 52 (p = 0.000), Anti-SSA (p = 0.001), Anti-SSB (p = 0.003), Anti-dsDNA (p = 0.000) with the Pearson Chi-square test. There was a significant relationship of p < 0.05 of the centromeric pattern with Anti-Cenp B (p = 0.000) with Fisher⿿s exact statistic.ConclusionsThere was a significant relationship between the anti-nuclear antibody staining patterns and the antibodies to the core extractable antigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren⿿s syndrome, Calcinosis, Raynaud⿿s phenomenon, esophageal Dysmotility, sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia (CREST), Scleroderma and Polymyositis.     

585例结缔组织病患者甲状腺疾病分析

对585例结缔组织病(CTD)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,发现合并甲状腺疾病的患者共236例(40.3%),其中以甲状腺功能减退症的发生率最高(47.9%),其余依次为正常甲状腺功能病态综合征(33.1%)、桥本甲状腺炎(11.4%)和甲状腺功能亢进症(5.1%).上述结果提示对CTD患者有必要常规行甲状腺功能检查,以免漏诊.     

Unusual manifestation of histoplasmosis in connective tissue diseases

This report describes the coexistence of three patients with rheumatic diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatomyositis) and infections because of Histoplasma capsulatum. Connective tissue diseases and histoplasmosis share several clinical findings. Therefore, histoplasmosis could be misdiagnosed as connective tissue disease or a flare of these diseases. Such cases highlight the importance of awareness of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those originating from endemic areas.     

弥漫性结缔组织病并发弥漫性肺泡出血32例临床分析

目的 通过分析总结弥漫性结缔组织病(CTD)合并弥漫性肺泡出血(DHA)的临床资料,提高对其的认识.方法 回顾分析北京协和医院2004年4月-2007年6月确诊的32例弥漫性CTD并发DAH的临床特点和诊疗方法.结果 弥漫性CTD合并DAH的患者中,显微镜下多血管炎(MPA)发病率为58.8%(10/17),系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)为1.5%(19/1267),韦格纳肉芽肿(WG)为3.6%(2/56),类风湿关节炎(RA)为0.2%(1/570);诊断DAH时的年龄:SLE(27.3±13.1)岁,MPA(50.1±20.7)岁;诊断DAH时的病程:SLE(16.7±18.3)个月,MPA(10.6士18.7)个月;SLE合并DAH时SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分为(17.1 4±6.7)分,抗双链DNA抗体呈高滴度,补体c3为(41.8±25.2)ms/dl.WG、MPA、RA患者ESR、C反应蛋白均明显升高,MPA/WG患者髓过氧化物酶抗体(MPO)/丝氨酸蛋白酶抗体(PR3)呈高滴度阳性;DAH主要表现是咯血、胸闷、呼吸困难、Hb下降;X线胸片、高分辨率CT可出现异常.多肺段支气管肺泡灌洗诊断DAH阳性率为100%.20例患者(20/32,62.5%)发生肺部感染,其中真菌感染10例(10/20,50%),混合性感染10例(10/20,50%).死亡19例(19/32,59.4%),其中SLE 12例(12/19,63.2%),MPA 5例(5/10),WG 2例(2/2);直接死于呼吸衰竭12例(12/19,63.2%).结论 弥漫性CTD患者出现咯血、呼吸困难,不明原因的Hb下降,胸部x线和高分辨率CT出现弥漫性浸润影,应警惕DAH,支气管肺泡灌洗有助于确诊.DAH与弥漫性CTD原发病的活动性密切相关,容易导致呼吸衰竭和肺部感染.弥漫性CTD合并DAH病死率较高,应早期诊断,早期治疗.     

几种弥漫性结缔组织病肺间质病变的影像分析

目的了解与弥漫性结缔组织病相关的肺间质病变（CTD—ILD）的发生率、影像学特征及其与病种和临床指标的相关性。方法回顾分析我院几种弥漫性结缔组织病患者（共412例）资料，X线胸片检查或有肺部临床症状患者作胸部高分辨CT（HRCT）进一步检查确诊。了解ILD在不同弥漫性CTD中的发生率，对比X线与HRCT的差异，统计常用CT分类在本组疾病中的分布比例．探讨CT分类与不同病种或临床特征之间的关系。结果在412例弥漫性结缔组织病中，HRCT诊断的ILD共40例，总发生率为9．7％。其中皮肌炎／多肌炎为25％，硬皮病为23．8％，原发性干燥综合征为9．6％，系统性红斑狼疮为6．3％。胸片与CT符合率40％，胸片误诊漏诊率60％。ILDCT分类以两种病变共存最多见，其中毛玻璃样变占40．1％，实变影32．8％，网格影16．4％，蜂窝状影9．8％。呼吸道症状和补体C3，C4水平在毛玻璃样变组及实变影组；C反应蛋白（CRP）水平在蜂窝状影和实变影组较其他对照组明显高，它们之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论HRCT发现CTD—ILD的敏感性及准确性明显优于X线，其中以毛玻璃及实变影最多见；影像学改变与呼吸道症状及炎症指标有一定关系，尽早进行HRCT的检查有助ILD的早期诊断及预后判断。     

Histomorphometrical analysis of microvascular abnormalities in connective tissue diseases

The aim of the study was to evaluate morphologic alterations of microvessels quantitatively and objectively in patients with various connective tissue diseases (CTD) by means of histomorphometry. Standardized histomorphometrical examination of dermal microvessels was performed by means of interactive semi-automated image analysis in specimens obtained by the technique of capillaroscopically guided nailfold biopsy in 31 patients with various CTD and 8 controls without CTD. Histomorphometry revealed a significant enlargement, an increased dysmorphia and a diminished number of microvessels as well as an increased papillary area in CTD-patients compared to controls. The most severe alterations of microvessels were seen in scleroderma and MCTD, whereas in SLE the morphometrically observed changes were less impressive. By means of histomorphometry morphological changes of the microvasculature can be analyzed quantitatively and objectively. Since differences regarding nature and extent of the microvascular injury between particular conditions can be disclosed by the technique, this approach may be a useful tool to identify distinct patterns of microangiopathy in the various types of CTD.     

弥漫性结缔组织病患者侵袭性真菌感染的回顾性病例对照研究

目的 研究弥漫性结缔组织病(DCTD)住院患者合并侵袭性真菌感染的临床特征、危险因素及预后影响因素.方法 回顾性收集2007年1月至2011年1月,上海仁济医院风湿科住院的DCTD合并侵袭性真菌感染患者33例.对照患者来自同期住院的67例其他感染患者,包括活动性结核感染患者33例和其他细菌感染患者34例.同时,历史对照为2002年1月至2006年12月11例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并侵袭性真菌感染的住院患者.按数据分布类型选用相应的统计方法:单因素方差分析,秩和检验x2检验,确切概率法;多元分析采用Logistic逐步回归方法和Log-rank生存分析.结果 DCTD患者中发生侵袭性真菌感染,主要的基础疾病为SLE(18例.55％),系统性血管炎(4例,12％)和炎症性肌病(4例,12％).最常见的病原致病菌为念珠菌属(13例.39％),隐球菌属(10例,30％)和曲霉菌属(3例,9％).感染部位则包括肺部(19例,58％),中枢神经系统(9例,27％)和血液播散型(4例,12％).6例(18％)患者死于侵袭性真菌感染.相对于其他感染患者,侵袭性真菌感染患者的基础疾病的病程较短、感染前暴露的激素量较多、肝酶增高、空腹血糖增高及C反应蛋白水平增高.历史生存对照分析,发现近几年的SLE合并侵袭性真菌感染患者的短期生存率提高(历史组和近期组分别为64％和83％).结论 熟悉DCTD患者并发侵袭性真菌感染的疾病谱及相关的危险因素将有助于临床医生及时恰当地干预;侵袭性真菌感染认识的进步和抗真菌药物的进展最终有望改善该类患者的预后.     

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in connective tissue diseases associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in connective tissue diseases (CTD) associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to corroborate the pathologic function of AECA in PAH-associated CTDs.

Methods

AECA were detected by cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of 19 PAH-associated CTD patients, 22 CTD patients without PAH involvement, and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls. Using IgG purified from the sera of AECA-positive, AECA-negative, and healthy subjects, the effects of AECA on the expression of ICAM-1 and the chemokine regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in cultured endothelial cells were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 12 of the 19 (63.2%) CTD patients with PAH, 9 of the 22 (40.9%) CTD patients without PAH, and 1 of the 20 (5%) healthy controls were positive for AECA, which were calculated as ELISA ratio (ER) values. ER values in PAH-associated CTD patients were significantly higher than those with CTD without PAH (3.68±2.05 versus 1.67±1.07, P<0.001). IgG purified from AECA-positive sera induced a significantly increased level of ICAM-1 expression after 48 h incubation (795.2±32.5 pg/mL) compared with AECA-negative or healthy control IgG (231.5±27.1 and 192.8±33.4 pg/mL, respectively; P<0.001). In addition, RANTES production by cultured human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) increased in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner in response to incubation with purified AECA-positive IgG.

Conclusions

AECA could be involved in CTD and might participate in the pathogenesis of PAH-associated CTD.     

结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压发病机制研究进展

肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是结缔组织病(connective tissue disease,CTD)常见且严重的并发症之一,影响CTD患者的预后,目前认为CTD相关PAH的发病机制可能是血管痉挛、血管壁重塑、肺间质病变、内皮损伤、血管活性物质失衡、免疫炎症机制、微血栓形成、基因多态性等多种原因,但具体发病机制尚不明确,本文对结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压( CTD-PAH)的发病机制研究作一综述.     

结缔组织病相关间质性肺病与自身抗体的相关性研究进展

间质性肺疾病(ILD)是结缔组织病(CTD)的重要并发症之一,结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)的发病率和病死率较高,并且早期确诊有一定困难,CTD-ILD与自身抗体相关性的研究对其预防、早期确诊、指导治疗及预后极为重要.为了便于临床能正确诊断和及时治疗CTD-ILD,现将常见于CTD的自身抗体及CTD患者发生ILD的临床特点进行综述.     

结缔组织病合并肺动脉高压及肺间质病变的肺功能分析

目的 比较和分析不同结缔组织病(CTD)相关肺部病变患者组间各项肺功能指标的差异.探讨肺功能检查对于评价CTD肺部病变性质和程度的临床意义.方法 前瞻性纳入CTD肺脏受累患者,根据肺部病变性质分为3组:CTD合并肺动脉高压组(CTD-PAH)29例、合并肺间质病变组(CTD-ILD))35例、合并PAH及ILD组(CTD-PAH+ILD)16例;另纳入无肺部病变的CTD患者34例作为对照组.比较各组间肺总量占预计值百分比(TLC%)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、第1秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比(FEV_(1.0)%)、FEV_(1.0)/FVC、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(DLco%)、弥散率(DLco/VA)等主要肺功能指标的差异.结果 共114例患者纳入本研究,以女性多见,平均年龄35～39岁,易合并肺部病变的CTD依次为:混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)、系统性硬化症(SSc)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和原发性干燥综合征(pSS).CTD-PAH组、CTD-ILD组和CTD-PAH+ILD组分别有10%、29%和46%的患者出现TLC下降;分别有50%、36%和71%的患者出现FVC%下降;分别有54%、47%和71%的患者出现FEV_(1.0)%下降;分别有100%、82%和100%的患者出现DLco%下降.多组间样本比较分析发现TLC%、FVC%、FEV_(1.0)%、DLco%在CTD对照组与CTD合并各肺部病变组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在CTD-ILD组与CTD-PAH组间差异均无统计学意义.TLC%在CTD-PAH组大于CTD-PAH+ILD组[(89±15)%与(79±12)%,P＜0.05)];FVC%在CTD-PAH组或CTD-ILD组均大于CTD-PAH+ILD组[(81±13)%、(80±16)%与(65±22)%,P＜0.05)].结论 肺功能检查对于筛查CTD合并的各种肺部病变具有临床应用价值,常表现为限制性通气功能障碍和弥散功能障碍,但从单次数值上无法鉴别CTD肺部病变种类(PAH与ILD).     

Follicular bronchiolitis in association with connective tissue diseases

Eleven patients with connective tissue diseases were found to have bronchiolar lesions associated with minimal or no alveolar septal thickening. Seven of these patients had rheumatoid arthritis, 3 had Sjögren’s syndrome, and 1 had ankylosing spondylitis. Radiographic studies showed an interstitial pattern in all patients. The patients were nonsmokers and received no treatment prior to biopsy. All lung biopsy specimens showed inflammatory bronchiolar lesions which consisted of bronchiolar and peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates (follicular bronchiolitis). The bronchiolar lesion has been reported previously in patients with connective tissue diseases treated with D-penicillamine; whether it represents a component of the systemic disease or a lack of effect of the therapeutic agent had not been established. The present study shows that several connective tissue diseases can be associated with inflammatory bronchiolar lesions.     

结缔组织病合并肺大泡十例临床分析

目的了解结缔组织病与肺大泡的关系。方法收集最近10年中内科收治的肺大泡患者共70例，均南胸部CT证实。其中合并结缔组织病12例，全部符合其各自的美国风湿病学会(ACR)分类诊断标准，对其中不能以其他疾病解释的10例肺大泡患者进行了临床分析。结果干燥综合征(SS)6例，血管炎2例，大动脉炎、结节性多动脉炎(PAN)各1例，类风湿关节炎(RA)1例，未分化结缔组织病(UCTD)1例。合并怖间质病变患者(5例)及肺内淀粉样变患者(1例)有呼吸系统症状。4例(均为SS)行肺功能检查，2例为限制性通气功能障碍，小气道重度阻塞。1例为弥散功能障碍，1例为限制性通气功能障碍。1例(SS)行经支气管镜肺活检，病理示肺泡间隔增宽，显示慢性炎症，少量增生的纤维结缔组织及少许炎细胞浸润。结论结缔组织病均有可能累及小气道造成狭窄从而导致肺大泡形成。SS与肺大泡的关系相对较明确，其余结缔组织病与肺大泡的关系仍有待研究。     

Undifferentiated connective tissue disease: a seven-center cross-sectional study of 184 patients

The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and serological features of a large cohort of patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). Consecutive patients with UCTD, followed up at the Rheumatology Clinic of the participating centers, were included. Data from these patients were obtained by clinical evaluation and chart review. All patients were diagnosed as having UCTD on basis of the following criteria: positive ANA plus at least one clinical feature of connective tissue disease, but not fulfilling classification criteria for any differentiated connective tissue disease. One hundred eighty-four patients were studied (female patients—94.5%; mean age at time of evaluation—47 years). The most prevalent manifestations were arthralgia (66%), arthritis (32%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (30%), sicca symptoms (30%), and leukopenia (19%). The prevalence of ANA was 100%, anti-SSA 20%, anti-dsDNA 14%, and anti-SSB 7%. Patients with anti-dsDNA/anti-Sm, anticentromere/anti-Scl70, or anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies more frequently presented a set of manifestations close to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, or Sjögren syndrome, respectively. We analyze a large cohort of UCTD. Seventy-two percent of these UCTD patients present lupus-, scleroderma-, or Sjögren-like features but do not fulfill classification criteria and mostly present a mild disease.     

抗Hu抗体在诊断系统性红斑狼疮中枢神经系统病变中的意义

目的　通过检测抗Hu抗体 (AHuA) ,评价其在诊断系统性红斑狼疮中枢神经系统病变 (CNS SLE)中的意义。方法　以神经马赛克生物薄片中神经元细胞为抗原 ,应用间接免疫荧光方法分别测定 182例病人和健康献血者血清 ,包括系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)病人 96例 ,其中 2 0例为CNS SLE病人 ;其他结缔组织病病人 5 1例 ,其中 3例伴中枢神经系统病变 ;健康献血者 3 5例。结果　血清检测抗Hu抗体共 2 2例阳性 ,其中 17例为CNS SLE病人 ,敏感性 85 .0 % ( 17/2 0 ) ,特异性73 .9% ( 17/2 3 ) ;2例为系统性红斑狼疮非中枢神经系统病变 (非CNS SLE)病人 ,敏感性 2 .6% ( 2 /76) ;3例为其他结缔组织病病人 ,敏感性 5 .9% ( 3 /5 1) ,1例病人 1年后发展为SLE ,且出现精神症状。CNS SLE病人的抗Hu抗体阳性率明显高于非CNS SLE和其他结缔组织疾病者及健康献血者(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　抗Hu抗体对CNS SLE的诊断有重要意义。     

结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压模型的建立

目的 通过成年SD大鼠腹腔一次性注射野百合碱,构建结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压模型方法的可行性.方法 实验组一次性腹腔注入1％野百合碱溶液,剂量为50 mg/kg,对照组腹腔注入同体积2:8无菌乙醇和0.9％氯化钠注射液.2、4周后通过计算机控制多功能生理仪行血流动力学检测,通过肺组织病理学观察异硫氰酸荧光素( FITC).凝集素灌注和抗α.平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)荧光标记了解肺血管重构情况.2组间比较采用t检验.结果 腹腔注射1％野百合碱溶液4周后,模型动物肺动脉测压[肺动脉收缩压(PASP)(41±6) mm Hg,肺动脉舒张压(PADP)(24.3±3.8) mm Hg,平均肺动脉压(mPAP)(29.8±4.2) mm Hg],与对照组[PASP (23±3) mm Hg;PADP (8.5±2.4) mm Hg;mPAP (17.1±2.5) mm Hg]比较,明显升高(P＜0.05),实验组肺组织病理学检查显示肺小动脉管壁增厚、管腔狭窄,肺小动脉管壁厚度指数(TI) 0.723±0.034和面积指数(AI) 0.912±0.203明显高于对照组(0.314±0.023和0.414±0.021)(P＜0.05).结论 SD大鼠腹腔注射野百合碱4周后,可形成肺动脉高压模型,该模型与临床结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压的病理生理相接近,且稳定、可靠、经济.     

重组人内皮细胞抗原成分α烯醇化酶的表达及其在弥漫性结缔组织疾病中的意义

目的 对蛋白质组学分离和鉴定的抗内皮细胞抗体(AECA)相关抗原-α烯醇化酶进行基因重组和表达,榆测其特异性抗体在血管炎和其他自身免疫性疾病患者血清中的阳性率.方法 聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增人enol基冈CDS片段并与表达载体重组,在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化重组人α烯醇化酶.用质谱鉴定后的重组蛋白作为抗原,用点印迹法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法分别检测健康人和不同结缔组织病患者血清中抗人α烯醇化酶抗体水平.结果 克隆了人enol基因cDNA片段.将重组的人α烯醇化酶在大肠杆菌中进行原核表达和纯化.用重组蛋白作为抗原,点印迹法检测健康对照和不同结缔组织病患者血清中抗人α烯醇化酶抗体,证实:①系统性血管炎(SV)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、干燥综合征(SS)和类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清中抗α烯醇化酶抗体的阳性率分别为76.7%、78.3%、63.6%和78.9%,均明显高于多发性肌炎/皮肌炎(PM/DM)组和健康对照组(P<0.01).②系统性血管炎中自塞病(BD)、多发性大动脉炎(TA)、韦格纳肉芽肿病(WG)、显微镜下多动脉炎(MPA)和Churg-Strauss综合征(CSS)患者血清中抗α烯醇化酶抗体阳性率各为74.0%、81.5%、62.5%、92.3%和80.0%.③SV和SLE患者血清中抗α烯醇化酶抗体的阳性率与SS和RA患者血清中该抗体的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).④不同患者血清中抗α烯醇化酶抗体强阳性者所占比例分别为:SV 51.7%,SLE 33.3%,SS42.9%,RA 20.0%.RA组与SV组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 SV和SLE、SS、RA患者血清中均存在不同水平的抗α烯醇化酶抗体,α烯醇化酶是AECA识别的自身抗体之一.     

352例结缔组织病并间质性肺疾病临床特点分析

目的本研究通过比较分析结缔组织病并间质性肺疾病（connectivetissuediseaseandinterstitiallungdisease,CTD-ILD）患者的临床特点,旨在提高临床医师对CTD-ILD疾病的认识水平。方法收集并回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日于郑州大学第一附属医院初诊为CTD-ILD的患者的临床特征及影像学特点。结果CTD-ILD患者352例,男女发病比例为1：2．67,平均发病年龄（53．07±13．65）岁。CTD-ILD患者全身症状发生率高于呼吸系统症状。CTD-ILD的高分辨率CT表现多为对称性磨玻璃影、网格状、胸腔积液等改变,主要累及中肺和下肺。结论CTD-ILD多发生于育龄期女性,部分肺部病变首发于CTD症状之前,并可独立进展。高分辨率CT有助于ILD的早期诊断及治疗方案制定。     

血清肌钙蛋白与结缔组织疾病损伤心脏的相关研究

目的 探讨血清肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｔｒｏｐｏｎｉｎ,Ｉ,Ｔｎ－Ｉ）、肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ｔｒｏｐｏｎｉｎＴ,Ｔｎ－Ｔ）与结缔组织疾病ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ,ＣＴＤ）损伤心脏的关系。方法 本实验以酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测了９９例ＣＴＤ患者的血清Ｔｎ－Ｉ、Ｔｎ－Ｔ浓度,与正常对照组进行了比较,其阳性率与ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＵＣＧ、ＥＣＧ阳性率进行了比较。结果 ９９例ＣＴＤ患者,其中系统性     

AIDS合并中枢神经系统疾病临床特点分析

目的通过分析AIDS患者合并中枢神经系统疾病的临床特点及诊治情况,以提高AIDS合并中枢神经系统疾病的确诊率和疗效,改善预后。方法回顾性分析北京地坛医院2014年1月—2015年1月住院治疗的62例合并神经系统疾病的AIDS患者临床特点及诊治情况。结果因中枢神经系统疾病人院患者占同期入院患者的9.82%。临床表现主要为发热、头痛、脑膜刺激征阳性、呕吐、肢体运动障碍、意识障碍和头晕等。隐球菌性脑膜炎20例(32.26%);神经梅毒和结核性脑膜炎各8例(12.90%);HIV脑病/进行性多灶性脑白质病5例(8.06%);弓形体脑病4例(6.45%);巨细胞病毒脑炎并神经根炎2例(3.23%);4例经脑活体组织检查,3例分别诊断为化脓性结核性脑膜炎、伯基特淋巴瘤和组织胞浆菌病(各占1.61%),1例病原仍不明;脊髓炎、疱疹病毒脑炎和颅内占位病变各1例(各占1.61%);原因不明中枢神经系统感染9例(14.52%)。经治疗,43例(69.35%)病情好转,10例(16.13%)放弃治疗,5例(8.06%)死亡,无变化4例(6.45%)。结论 AIDS并发中枢神经系统疾病原因复杂,临床确诊困难。发热、头痛、脑膜刺激征阳性、呕吐、肢体障碍和意识障碍为主要临床表现。以隐球菌性脑膜炎发病率最高,其次为结核性脑膜炎和神经梅毒。尽可能查找病原学依据有利于早期明确诊断,改善预后。