中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素.方法 采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ,父母版),对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷凋查.结果 留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43.6%;其中,情绪问题检出率8.3%,品行问题检出率9.5%,多动注意不能榆出率8.7%,同伴交往问题检出率18.9%,亲社会行为检出率16.8%.男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义;低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高,其中,品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常榆出率,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多因素分析结果表明,留守儿章得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其情绪和行为问题有关.结论 农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注.     

The Methamphetamine Home: Psychological Impact on Preschoolers in Rural Tennessee

ABSTRACT:  Context: A growing number of children reside with methamphetamine-abusing parents in homes where the illicit drug is produced. Yet, the effects of a methamphetamine environment on psychological child outcome are still unknown. Purpose: To examine whether preschoolers who lived in methamphetamine-producing homes are at increased risk for developing psychological problems. Methods: The participants were 58 white children between the ages of 4 and 5 years; 31 with a history of living in methamphetamine-producing homes and 27 children who live in non-methamphetamine producing homes in rural Tennessee. The groups were similar in age, gender, and socioeconomic background. The groups were compared for behavioral and emotional adjustment using the behavior assessment system for children-parent rating scale-preschool (BASC-PRS-P) form. Biological or custodian parents completed a rating on their preschoolers that provided information about the children's pattern of behavior and feelings. Findings: Preschoolers from the methamphetamine-producing homes showed more externalizing problems than their peers, but were comparable on internalizing problems. On specific behaviors, the data indicate that preschoolers in the methamphetamine group showed higher aggression symptoms than their peers from non-methamphetamine-producing homes. Conclusions: These findings, if replicated, point to the need for mental health screening when a child is removed from a methamphetamine-producing home.     

Parental beliefs and child-rearing attitudes and mental health problems among schoolchildren

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence and identify the risk factors related to mental health problems among schoolchildren and its possible association with the beliefs and educational attitudes of parents/caretakers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a stratified probabilistic sample (n=454) of first to third-graders from public and private schools in Southeastern Brazil. Standardized instruments were administered to parents/caretakers by trained interviewers, including screening questionnaires for mental health problems among children and parents/caretakers; a questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes; and a questionnaire for socio-economic status. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found 35.2% prevalence of clinical/borderline cases among students. Parents/caretakers that believed in corporal punishment as a child-rearing method used physical aggression towards their children more frequently (64.8%). Logistic regression models showed that the act of hitting the child with a belt was associated to conduct problems and to overall mental health problems among schoolchildren in the presence of other risk factors: child gender (male), parents/caretakers with mental health problems, and adverse socioeconomic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of mental health problems among schoolchildren and its association with child-rearing methods and mental health problems among parents/caretakers indicate the need for psycho-educational interventions aimed to reduce physical abuse and mental health problems in childhood.     

Developmental, learning, and emotional problems. Health of our nation's children, United States, 1988

The data presented in this report show that developmental, learning, and behavioral disorders are among the most prevalent chronic conditions of childhood and adolescence. Overall, nearly 20 percent of young people ages 3-17 years were found to have had one or more of these conditions. By the time they reached ages 12-17 years, 1 in 4 adolescents, and nearly 3 in 10 male adolescents, had experienced one of these disorders. When very young children with developmental delays were included, the total number of U.S. children affected came to about 10.7 million. As high as these figures may seem, it is altogether possible that they are underestimates of the true prevalence of the conditions. The only childhood disorders counted in NHIS-CH were those that had been recognized by parents or identified by physicians, psychologists, or teachers and communicated to parents with sufficient clarity that the parents were able to report them to survey interviewers. There is reason to believe that some developmental, learning, and emotional disorders of children are not recognized as such, or the assessment of teachers or health professionals are not understood or not accepted by parents. Confusion over changing diagnostic terminology and simple forgetting of problems that occurred in the past probably work to reduce the reporting of these conditions as well. Despite the limitations of parental reporting, it is useful to have data on the prevalence of psychological disorders in young people based on standard survey questions put to the parents of a large and nationally representative sample of children. Estimates derived from NHIS-CH provide national benchmarks on the overall frequency of recognized psychological disorders in children and on the relative frequency of such problems in different population groups. The findings with regard to overall prevalence were that 4.0 percent of all children 17 years of age and under had delays in growth or development, 6.5 percent of children ages 3-17 years had learning disabilities, and 13.4 percent had significant emotional or behavioral problems. The proportions of all children ages 3-17 years who had ever received treatment or counseling for the conditions were about 2 percent for developmental delays, just over 5 percent for learning disabilities, and more than 10 percent for emotional or behavioral problems. These proportions fall within the range of prevalence estimates that have appeared in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Family Perspectives on Pathways to Mental Health Care for Children and Youth in Rural Communities

CONTEXT: There is insufficient literature documenting the mental health experiences and needs of rural communities, and a lack of focus on children in particular. This is of concern given that up to 20% of children and youth suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem. PURPOSE: This study examines issues of access to mental health care for children and youth in rural communities from the family perspective. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted in rural Ontario, Canada, with 30 parents of children aged 3-17 who had been diagnosed with emotional and behavioral disorders. FINDINGS: Interview data indicate 3 overall thematic areas that describe the main barriers and facilitators to care. These include personal, systemic, and environmental factors. Family members are constantly negotiating ongoing tension, struggle, and contradiction vis-à-vis their attempts to access and provide mental health care. Most factors identified as barriers are also, under different circumstances, facilitators. Analysis clustered around the contrasts, contradictions, and paradoxes present throughout the interviews. CONCLUSIONS: The route to mental health care for children in rural communities is complex, dynamic, and nonlinear, with multiple roadblocks. Although faced with multiple roadblocks, there are also several factors that help minimize these barriers.     

The mental health of Australian mothers and fathers of young children at risk of disability

OBJECTIVES: To: (1) determine the strength of the relationship between risk of child disability and parental mental health in a nationally representative sample of Australian families with young children; (2) estimate the contribution of distress among parents of children at risk of disability to overall parental psychiatric morbidity; and (3) explore the extent to which between-group differences in parental mental health may be attributable to differences in exposure to other risk factors. METHOD: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=4,983; 6.5% of children identified as being at risk of disability). RESULTS: Elevated rates of psychological distress indicative of serious mental illness were found among mothers (OR=5.1, 95% CL 3.5-7.6), but not fathers (OR=1.4, 95% CL 0.5-3.4) of children at risk of disability. Psychological distress among mothers of children at risk of disability accounted for 23% of estimated total maternal psychiatric morbidity. Approximately 50% of the elevated risk of distress for mothers was accounted for by increased rates of poverty among children at risk of disability and their families, an association possibly mediated by increased exposure to adverse life events, poorer maternal health and reduced personal-social capital. CONCLUSIONS: The association between risk of child disability and maternal mental health is strongly confounded by increased rates of poverty among children at risk of disability. Any residual risk appears to be related to the poorer social, emotional and behavioural development of children at risk of disability. Social and health policy responses need to focus on poverty reduction, enhancing the personal social capital of mothers living in poverty and on improving the social, emotional and behavioural development of the children.     

Developments in clinical neuropsychology: implications for school psychological services

BACKGROUND: According to the 2000 Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health, a significant percentage of children and adolescents have emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to merit a mental health diagnosis. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 reemphasized the schools' importance in supporting cognitive and behavioral development in students, particularly those identified with learning problems. In this article, we examine the growing specialty of clinical neuropsychology and provide suggestions for integrating this field into school‐based psychological services. METHODS: This article provides a review of the neuropsychological bases for many childhood learning disorders and addresses how school psychologists can work with clinical neuropsychologists to better address the needs of exceptional children through neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: There is substantial neurological evidence for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as disorders of reading, language, and mathematics. Close collaborative partnerships between clinical neuropsychologists and school psychologists will help develop assessment protocols that are likely to result in more effective intervention services for students with neuropsychological conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Schools are being asked to support the physical, cognitive, and emotional development in students, particularly those identified with chronic physical and mental health challenges. Dissatisfaction with minimal screenings, the growing awareness of the neurology of learning disorders, and the passage of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 obliges all school‐based mental health providers to consider how to fully integrate the tools of clinical neuropsychology into school‐based psychological services.     

Weight status and disordered sleep in preschool children,parents’ negative mood states and marital status

Short sleep duration has increased in tandem with rising obesity levels in all age groups. Research on parent mental health and its relationship with childhood obesity has been growing in recent years. This cross-sectional study assessed children’s zBMI (Body Mass Index adjusted for age and sex) and parent-reported children’s sleep behaviors, parents’ negative emotional state, and parents’ marital status in a sample of 4- to 5-year-old children. Eight-hundred seventy-seven parents answered the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and CSHQ (Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire) and reported children’s height and weight. Children in the ≥ 85th percentile weight category had significantly more sleep behavior problems than children in the < 85th percentile weight category. Mothers of children in the ≥ 85th percentile weight category were more likely to be in the overweight/obese category and had more depressive symptoms than mothers of children in the < 85th percentile weight category. Single fathers had higher levels of anxiety and depression and their children had greater sleep behavior problems than fathers in a relationship/married. The findings indicate a difference between children below and above the 85th BMI percentile in terms of children’s sleep habits and parents’ negative emotional state.     

Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Mental health problems in children and adolescents constitute health impairments with major implications regarding individual wellbeing as well as daily and social functioning. In addition, these problems often burden the social partners of the individual. Within the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), the parents of 14478 children and adolescents aged 3-17 answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) which assesses behavioral problems and strengths in the areas emotional problems, hyperactivity, behavioral problems, peer problems and prosocial behavior. According to the results of the Total Difficulties Score (SDQ) 11,5 % girls (G) and 17,8 % boys (B) are classified borderline or abnormal, respectively. 92,5 % (G) and 86,3 % (B) display an adequate pro social behavior. Most prevalent problem areas are behavioral problems (G = 11,9 %, B = 17,9 %), emotional problems (G = 9,7 %, B = 8,6 %) and hyperactivity problems (G = 4,8 %, B = 10,8 %). The test-data of approximately 8,1 % of the respondents with high socio-economic status (SES), 13,4 % of those with middle SES and 23,2 % of those with low SES hinted at mental health problems. Migrants are more frequently affected than non-migrants. Results point at the need for early detection and prevention of commencing mental health problems. Especially the noneasily accessible groups like those with low socioeconomic status or migrants have to be considered.     

Rural–urban area of residence and trajectories of children׳s behavior in England

Despite extensive studies of neighborhood effects on children׳s outcomes, there is little evidence on rural–urban impacts on child mental health. We modeled trajectories of emotional–behavioral problems of white majority children at ages 3, 5, and 7 in England in areas with varying levels of rural and urban settlement, using the Millennium Cohort Study. After adjusting for area selection, children in less sparse rural areas had fewer conduct and peer problems, and children in areas with a mix of rural and urban settlement had fewer emotional symptoms, explained by the quality of their schools. Area differences remained in emotional problems.