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1.
《中华高血压杂志》2006,14(12):1030
应用他汀类药物对高血压与非高血压病人都能减少心血管病发生率与死亡率。作者分析1985年至今,12个安慰剂-对照随机研究,追踪69989名病人≥2年,终点是:心性或心血管性死亡,主要冠脉事件。他汀治疗减少心性死亡率24%[相对危险比(RR)为0.76;95%CI为0.71~0.823,高血压病人RR为0.78(95%CI为0.72~0.84),  相似文献   

2.
目的 评价益生菌对炎症性肠病缓解、维持治疗和贮袋炎的作用。方法 检索MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Cochrane Con—trolled Trials Register,OVID,BIOSIS和中国生物科技数据库,两位作者独立选取和炎症性肠病缓解率、复发率以及副作用相关的,对比益生菌治疗和非益生菌治疗的随机对照试验,使用Rev Man4.2.10软件统计分析,同时做亚组分析和敏感性分析。结果21项随机对照试验中共有1515例患者符合入选标准:4项研究评估了缓解率,14项研究评估了复发率,3项研究同时评估了缓解率和复发率。通过荟萃分析,炎症性肠病的总体缓解率相对危险度(relativerisk,RR)为1.05(95%CI=0.84—1.31),克罗恩病的缓解率RR0.85(95%CI=0.64—1.13),溃疡性结肠炎的缓解率RR1.18(95%CI=0.87—1.58);贮袋炎临床复发率RR0.24(95%CI=0.12—0.48),克罗恩病临床复发率RR1.11(95%CI=0.69—1.80);内镜复发率的RR1.08(95%CI=0.67—1.74);益生菌与安慰剂比较,炎症性肠病的复发率RR0.51(95%CI=0.29—0.92);益生菌与5-氨基水杨酸比较,溃疡性结肠炎的复发率RR0.96(95%CI=0.76—1.19)。结论 溃疡性结肠炎患者使用益生菌作为缓解治疗具有和5-氨基水杨酸相同的效果并优于安慰剂,但在炎症性肠病的诱导缓解中无额外益处。  相似文献   

3.
目的系统评价他汀类药物对脑卒中的防治。方法检索7个数据库和已发表系统评价的参考文献,提取与全因死亡率、脑卒中发病率和胆固醇水平变化的相关数据。使用随机或固定效应模型汇总数据,进行Meta回归分析。结果纳入31项试验(n=128427)评价他汀类药物对脑卒中的预防作用,结果显示相对危险度(RR)为0.84[95%置信区间(CI)0.79~0.89]。其中28项试验评价全因死亡率RR0.91,95%CI[0.88,0.95],11项评价心血管死亡事件(RR0.89),7项评价缺血性脑血管事件(RR0.80),7项报告出血性脑卒中(RR0.83),15项报告致命性脑卒中(RR0.84)。只有一项试验报告他汀类药物用于二级预防(RR0.85)。结论他汀类药物治疗对全因死亡和缺血性脑卒中提供高水平的保护作用。对于有主要血管事件的高危人群,需考虑延长他汀类药物的治疗,但对有出血风险的患者应慎用。  相似文献   

4.
中国成年人体重与死亡率的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨中国成年人体重指数(BMI)与死亡率的关系。方法本项前瞻性队列研究包括全国40岁以上男性和女性共169871人。1991年采用标准化方案进行基线调查获得体重和其它各项数据,1999年至2000年对该人群进行了全部死亡原因的随访,应答率93.4%(n=158666)。结果排除体重或身高缺失的数据后,共分析了154736名成年人的资料。在调整年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、文化程度、地域以及城乡等因素后,BMI与全因死亡率之间呈“U”型相关(P〈0.01)。若以BMI24.0~24.9kg/m^2者为参照组,BMI〈18.5、18.5~19.9、20.0~20.9、21.0~21.9、22.0~22.9、23.0~23.9、25.0~26.9、27.0~29.9和≥30.0kg/m^2组的全因死亡相对危险度分别为1.65(95%CI,1.54-1.77)、1.31(95%CI,1.22-1.41)、1.20(95%CI,1.11-1.29)、1.12(95%CI,1.04-1.21)、1.11(95%CI,1.03-1.20)、1.09(95%CI,1.01-1.19)、1.00(95%CI,0.92-1.08)、1.15(95%CI,1.06-1.24)和1.29(95%CI,1.16-1.42)。即使排除了现在或曾经吸烟者、酗酒者、基线检查有慢性疾病者、基线调查后3年内死亡者,这种“U”型关系仍然存在。BMI与心血管疾病、癌症以及其它死因死亡率之间均有类似关系。结论中国成年人群低体重和肥胖都与死亡率的增加有关,建议在所有种族和民族中采用一个共同标准来定义超重和肥胖。  相似文献   

5.
雷冰坚 《内科》2013,(6):632-633
目的对国产与进口微粒化非诺贝特治疗高脂血症的成本-效果进行评价。方法选取2011年8月至2012年8月在我院住院部及门诊部治疗的高脂血症病例,排除肝胆、胰腺及其他影响血脂代谢的疾病,从中随机抽取32例患者给予国产非诺贝特胶囊(Ⅱ)(即国产微粒化非诺贝特)治疗(其中Ⅳ型26例,1Ib型6例)为A组。抽取32例患者给予进口微粒化非诺贝特治疗(其中Ⅳ型26例,Ⅱb型6例)为B组。两组患者治疗3个月后进行回访。运用药物经济学成本-效果分析法计算治疗成本并进行分析和评价。结果国产和进口微粒化非诺贝特在治疗高脂血症时的总有效率分别为5.1%和4.5%,无统计学差异(P〉0.05);不良反应发生率分别为9.3%和6.3%,无统计学差异(P〉0.05)。以临床总有效率计算成本-效果分别为2.64和5.41,有统计学差异(P〈0.05)。结论国产微粒化非诺贝特治疗高脂血症较进口微粒化非诺贝特更具有成本一效果优势。  相似文献   

6.
抗TNF—α制剂治疗克罗恩病的系统评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
背景:克罗恩病(CD)目前尚无有效治愈方法,抗肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)制剂的出现给CD的治疗带来了新的选择。目的:系统评价抗TNF—α制剂治疗CD的疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索MEDLINE/PubMed、OVID、E1sevier ScienceDirect、ISI Web of Knowledge、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials以及国内的CBM、CNKI、VIP数据库,手工检索所获文献的参考文献以及重要会议摘要,纳入关于抗TNF-α制剂治疗CD的随机对照试验(RCT)。使用Jadad量表评价纳入文献质量,以RevMan4.2软件行荟萃分析。结果:共纳入15项RCT,均为高质量研究(Jadad评分≥3分)。治疗组总体临床反应率(44.9%对30.0%,RR=1.39,95%CI:1.16~1.67,P=0.0004)和缓解率(2913%对18.7%,RR=1.63,95%CI:1.26—2.09,P=0.0001)均高于安慰剂组,瘘管愈合率亦较高(40.6%对25.2%,RR=1.74,95%CI:1.23~2.45,P=0.002)。亚组分析显示治疗组诱导治疗和维持治疗阶段临床反应率和缓解率均高于安慰剂组。两组不良事件(77.0%对75.5%,RR=1.01,95%CI:0.96—1.07,P=0.57)和严重不良事件发生率(11.6%对12.6%,RR=0.87,95%CI:0.73~1.04,P=0.13)差异均无统计学意义。结论:抗TNF-α制剂治疗CD疗效优于安慰剂,不良事件和严重不良事件发生情况与安慰剂相似,但其安全性和耐受性尚需更多大样本试验长期观察加以验证。  相似文献   

7.
《高血压杂志》2005,13(12):813-813
首次发作缺血性脑中风后24h内测定血浆脂连结素(Adiponectin),并研究其5年存活率。脂连结素水平分为3级(〈4,4~7,〉7μg/mL)。最低一级脂连结素与最高一级相比较,缺血性脑中风死亡相对危险比(RR)为8.1(95%CI3.1~24.5;P〈0.001)。提示脂连结素越低,缺血性脑中风死亡率越高。脂连结素〈4μg/mL,RR5.2(95%CI2.1~18.4,P〈0.001),脑中风后评分〉15(RR3.6,959/5CI1.7~15.9;P〈0.001),冠心病(RR2.9,959/5CI1.5~12.3,P〈0.001)等因素与死亡率独立相关。  相似文献   

8.
王妍  陈世耀  吴利俊 《胃肠病学》2011,16(4):226-230
尽管多潘立酮的l临床疗效已得到广泛评价,但很多研究样本量较小,缺乏代表性,且尚未明确以何种给药途径和给药剂量为宜。目的:对多潘立酮的临床应用进行系统评价。方法:联机检索Evidence-BasedMedicineReviews、BIOSISPrevieWs、EMBASEDrugs&Pharmacology、OvidMEDLINE、CBM、CJFD、VIP、ChinaInfo和中国学位论文全文数据库.检索截止至2007.12.纳入比较多潘立酮与安慰剂的平行随机对照试验。应用RevMan4.2.8软件行荟萃分析。结果:共14篇文献进入本系统综述。荟萃分析显示多潘立酮改善总体症状的疗效优于安慰剂(RR=1.77,95%Ch1.30-2.42,P=O.0003),敏感性分析结果一致。亚组分析显示,多潘立酮改善功能性消化不良症状(RR=2.75,95%CI:1.27。5.95,P=0.叭)和婴幼儿恶心呕吐(RR=10.60,95%Ch3.17。35.46,P=-O.0001)的疗效优于安慰剂,但对预防术后恶心呕吐效果不佳(RR=1.12,95%CI:O.86。1.45,P!O.41);口服给药(RR=2.51,95%CI:1.50-4.20,P=0.0005)优于静脉给药(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.86-1.45,P=0.41),大剂量El服给药(20mgtid。RR=4.67,95%Ch2.30-9.48,P〈0.0001)优于小剂量口服给药(10ingtid.RR=2.20,95%CI:O.77-6.27,P=0.14)。结论:本系统综述提示多潘立酮临床疗效肯定.以大剂量(20mgtid)口服给药为佳,但最适剂量仍值得商榷。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨动态心电图(AECG)在心力衰竭患者预后中的价值。方法本研究回顾性分析了心功能不全患者78例,每例患者都有完整的临床资料和AECG资料并进行了随访。采用多元Logistic回归模型建立回归方程进行危险因素的筛选。结果在132例患者中,死亡21人。在多元Logistic回归模型中,心力衰竭的危险因素包括年龄(RR:1.02;95%CI:1.01~1.03)、低射血分数(RR:0.963;95%CI:0.948~0.982)、心率过快(RR:1.05;95%CI:1.04~1.07)、心率范围较小(RR:0.973;95%CI:0.961~0.984)、阵发性房颤(RR:1.21;95%CI:1.15~1.28)和非持续性室速(RR:1.31;95%CI:1.22~1.37)。结论AECG所监测的心率范围、阵发性房颤以及非持续性室速是心力衰竭患者死亡的危险因素。因此,AECG在心力衰竭患者的预后中有参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
《中华高血压杂志》2006,14(12):1031
Vikaskhurana分析退伍军人服务网络(VISN)数据库,包括〉140万病人,时间1998-10-2004-06。在483733名病人中,食道癌659例(0.14%),胰腺癌475例(0.19,6),大肠癌、直肠癌6697例(1.4%)。185830名病人(38.4%)用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)。研究发现ACEI使用可减少以上3种癌,对食道癌最有效[-559,6,危险比(RR)为0.546;95%CI为0.45~0.66,P〈0.01]。胰腺癌减少489,6(RR为0.48;95%C10.386~0.607,P〈0.01)。结肠癌减少47%(RR为0.47;95%CI为0.45~0.50,P〈0.01)。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our work is to evaluate the role of statins and fibrates in the management of hyperlipidaemia in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, prospective study of the efficacy and safety of bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, pravastatin and fluvastatin as pharmacologic treatment for protease inhibitor-related dyslipidaemia. METHODS: Plasma lipid levels of 656 HIV-infected patients who referred to our tertiary care centre and were on protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months have been evaluated. All patients had HIV viral load < 50 copies/ml and presented with hypertriglyceridaemia of at least 6 months duration that was unresponsive to a hypolipidaemic diet; all have been treated with bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, pravastatin, or fluvastatin for 12 months. RESULTS: Of the 656 patients observed 113 (17.2%) received pharmacological therapy, while seven patients were excluded from evaluation due to early drop-out. Of the 106 evaluable subjects, bezafibrate was used in 25 cases, gemfibrozil in 22, fenofibrate in 22, pravastatin in 19, and fluvastatin in 18. At the close of 1-year follow-up, fibrates led to a reduction of 40.7% and 21.9% versus baseline triglyceridaemia and cholesterolaemia, respectively (P < 0.001), and statins led to a reduction of 34.8% and 25.2% versus baseline triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, respectively (P < 0.001), without significant differences according to each different administered hypolipidaemic drug. CONCLUSIONS: All administered statins and fibrates revealed a similar, significant efficacy in the treatment of diet-resistant hyperlipidaemia, and showed a favourable tolerability profile.  相似文献   

12.
目的 评价抗血小板治疗与抗凝治疗预防非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)缺血性卒中疗效及安全性.方法 采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索PubMed、Embase、CENTREN及其下属各临床注册试验数据中心、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,检索时间截至2009年12月,纳入中外文抗血小板治疗与抗凝治疗预防非瓣膜性房颤缺血性卒中随机对照试验(RCT).由两名评价者独立评价纳入研究质量、提取资料并交叉核对.采用RevMan 5.0软件进行荟萃分析.结果 共纳入14个RCT,包括15 880例患者.荟萃分析结果显示:与对照组比较,抗血小板治疗不减少非瓣膜性房颤缺血性卒中(RR=0.83,95%CI0.68~1.00,P=0.05),不减少房颤全因死亡(RR=0.88,95% CI 0.73~1.07,P=0.21),可能增加房颤患者严重出血1.9倍(RR=2.88,95%CI1.21~6.86,P=0.02),不减少房颤体循环栓塞(RR=0.71,95%CI0.34~1.51,P=0.38),不增加房颤患者颅内出血(RR=3.25,95%CI0.84~12.62,P=0.09).抗血小板治疗与抗凝治疗比较显示:抗凝治疗显著降低房颤缺血性卒中发生率(RR=1.84,95%CI1.48~2.28,P<0.01),房颤全因病死率二者差异无统计学意义(RR=1.06,95%CI0.90~1.23,P=0.50),严重出血发生率二者差异无统计学意义(RR=0.95,95%CI0.76~1.19,P=0.66),抗凝治疗显著降低房颤体循环栓塞发生率(RR=1.94,95%CI1.24~3.03,P=0.004),抗凝治疗显著增加颅内出血发生率(RR=0.49,95%CI0.31~0.78,P=0.003).结论 与对照组比较,抗血小板治疗不减少非瓣膜性房颤缺血性卒中及体循环栓塞,并可能增加房颤严重出血事件1.9倍;抗血小板治疗与抗凝治疗比较,抗凝治疗显著降低房颤缺血性卒中及体循环栓塞发生率,不增加房颤严重出血但显著增加颅内出血发生率.由于纳入的研究有限,结局指标不够统一,得出的结论尚需更多设计严谨、使用统一结局指标、随访时间较长的大样本RCT来进一步证实.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy on prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( NAF). Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center, CBMdisc,VIP,and CNKI databases from establishment to Dec 2009 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs)covering the use of anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants for patients with NAF. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0 software after the strict evaluation of the methodological quality of the included RCTs. Results Fourteen RCTs involving 15 880 patients were include. Compared with placebo or no use of anti-platelet drugs, antiplatelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke (RR = 0. 83,95% CI0. 68 to 1.00, P = 0. 05 ), systemic emboli ( RR= 0. 71, 95% CI0. 34 to 1.51, P = 0. 38 ) and all-cause mortality (RR = 0. 88, 95% CI0. 73 to 1.07, P= 0. 21 ) while significantly increased the major bleeding ( RR = 2. 88, 95% CI 1.21 to 6. 86, P= 0. 02 ) in patients with NAF, intracranial hemorrhage was not affected by antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation ( RR= 3. 25, 95% CI0. 84 to 12.62, P =0. 09). Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke (RR = 1.84,95% CI 1.48 to 2. 28 ,P <0. 01 ) and systemic emboli (RR= 1.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.03, P = 0. 004 ) but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage ( RR =0. 49, 95% CI0. 31 to 0. 78, P= 0. 003 ), did not affect all-cause mortality ( RR = 1.06, 95% CI0. 90 to 1.23, P = 0. 50) and the incidence of major bleeding ( RR = 0. 95, 95 % CI0. 76 to 1.19, P = 0. 66) in NAF patients. Conclusions Compared with the placebo and no use of anti-platelet drugs, anti-platelet therapy didn't reduce ischemic stroke and systemic emboli but increased the risk of major bleeding in NAF patients. Compared with anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy significantly reduced the ischemic stroke and systemic emboli without increasing the risk of major bleeding, but significantly increased the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in NAF patients. Since the study included RCTs with limited and less uniform outcome endpoints, the conclusions should be verified with RCTs with more uniform endpoints and longer follow-up time.  相似文献   

13.

Purpose

Current practice guidelines support the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without heart failure (HF). However, a number of cited trials were performed prior to the era of prevalent statin use. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACEi and ARBs in reducing cardiovascular events as well as the impact of statin therapy.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for randomized-controlled trials (1/1/1980 – 8/31/2015) with ACEi or ARBs as the single intervention for patients with CAD without HF. We assessed the outcomes of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. The relationship between these outcomes and the percentages of patients on statin therapy was evaluated using meta-regression analysis.

Results

A total of ten ACEi trials and five ARB trials were included for analysis, with 78,761 patients followed for a mean of 36 months. Treatment with ACEi was associated with decreased non-fatal MI (RR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.75–0.91), stroke (RR 0.76; 95 % CI 0.68–0.86), cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.72–0.95), and all-cause mortality (RR 0.86; 95 % CI 0.80–0.93). Treatment with ARBs was associated only with a decreased incidence of stroke (RR 0.92; 95 % CI 0.87–0.98). When adjusted for statin use, there was a trend towards an attenuated effect of ACEi in reducing cardiovascular mortality with increased use of statins (p-value?=?0.063).

Conclusion

In CAD patients without HF, ACEi, but not ARBs decreases the risk of non-fatal MI, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality, while both ACEi and ARBs decrease the risk of stroke.
  相似文献   

14.
15.
目的 评价尼莫地平预防动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者脑血管痉挛的有效性及安全性.方法 检索Pubmed、OVID、EMBase、Cochrane library、卒中临床试验注册及国家科技图书文献中心数据库,检索截止时间均为2010年11月.收集尼莫地平被预防性用于动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的前瞻性随机临床对照试验,对符合纳入标准的研究进行Meta分析.结果 有8项研究符合纳入标准,1499例患者接受了不同指标的试验观察.与安慰剂组比较,尼莫地平组(所有病例)的完全康复率增加了64%[P=0.0002,OR=1.64,95%CI:1.26~2.13;需要治疗的患者数(NNT):-1.048],完全康复或中等残疾率增加了79%(P=0.0007,OR=1.79,95%CI:1.28~2.51;NNT=-5.889),死亡、严重残疾或植物状态发生率降低了38%(P=0.0003,OR=0.62,95%C/:0.48~0.80;NNT=1.529);脑血管痉挛(CVS病例)的病死率降低了74%(P=0.008,OR=0.26,95%CI:0.09~0.71;NNT=2.298);症状性CVS的发生率降低了46%(P〈0.00001,OR:0.54,95%CI:0.42~0.69;NNT=1.952);迟发性神经功能缺损(所有病例)发生率降低了38%(P〈0.0001,OR=0.62,95%C/:0.50~0.78;NNT=1.078);症状性脑梗死的发生率降低了46%(P〈0.00001,OR:0.54,95%C/:0.42~0.69;NNT=1.079);经CT证实的脑梗死的发生率为安慰剂组的58%(P=0.001,OR=0.58,95%CI:0.42~0.81;NNT=3.314);CVS病例脑梗死的发生率为安慰剂组的35%(P=0.003,OR:0.35,95%CI:0.17~0.69;NNT=3.688),脑梗死(所有病例)发生率为安慰剂组的52%(P〈0.00001,OR=0.52,95%CI:0.41~0.66;NNT=1.196);尼莫地平组与安慰剂组再出血和不良反应发生率的差异均无统计学意义(再出血:P=0.15,OR=0.75,95%CI:0.50~1.11;不良反应:JP=0.59,OR=1.13,95%CI:0.71~1.81).结论 与安慰剂比较,尼莫地平可显著改善动脉瘤性SAH患者的临床转归,可降低症状性CVS、迟发性神经功能缺损以及脑梗死的发生率,而再出血和不良反应的发生率与安慰剂相当.  相似文献   

16.
目的比较低温停循环下应用顺行性或逆行性脑灌注进行大血管手术患行的临床结果。方法我们对PubMed,Embasr和the Cochrahe Library数据库进行了检索。纳入的研究对象要分别采用低温停循环(HCA)+顺行性脑灌注(ACP)和低温停循环(HCA)+逆行性脑注行(RCP)进行大血管手术,并且研究报道了早期死亡率、中风率、短暂性神经功能障碍(TND)、永久性神经功能障碍(PND)中至少一个作为临床终点的原始数据。我们通过Q检验和12检验进行异质性分析.运用Begg’s检验和Egger’s检验分析有无出版偏倚。结果最终有31篇文章纳入此荟萃分析,其中4300名患者使用HCA+ACP,2662名使用HCA+RCP。TND的合并RR为0.806,95%CI:[0.640.1.015],Z值为1.84(p=0.066),PND的合并RR为0.974,95%CI=[0.713.1.332],Z值为0.16(p=0.87)。早期死亡率的合并RR为1.152,95%CI=[0.935,1.420],Z值为1.33(p=0.185)。中风结果的合片RR为1.393,95%CI=[0.755,2.569],Z值为1.06(p=0.288)。结果强示各组间均无显著性差异。结论大血管手术中运用HCA+ACP或HCA+RCP在比较TND,PND,早期死亡率和中风率这些临床终点时没有显著统计学差异。  相似文献   

17.
目的通过对中国囡内卒中医院感染相关文献的Meta分析,探讨卒中患者医院感染的常见危险因素和病死率。方法以中国学术期刊全文数据库(1994年1月-2009年4月)、万方数据库(1999年1月-2009年4月)和Medline—Pubmed(1965年1月-2009年4月)为文献检索源,对符合标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果①共纳入29篇文献,均为中文文献。其中,3篇为前瞧性研究,26篇为回顾性研究,均未没市病例对照。②出血性卒中(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.59~2.36)、老年(〈60/≥60岁:OR=0.44,95%CI:0.40~0.49;≤60/〉60岁:OR=0.52,95%C1:0.43~0.63)、吸烟史(OR=1,54,95%CI:1.25~1.90)、饮酒史(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.15~1.77)、心脏病史(OR=4.92,95%CI.3.54~7.01)、糖尿病史(OR=3.69,95%C1:2.86~4.76)、意识障碍(OR=6.21,95%CI:4.51~8.55)、吞咽障碍(OR=6.43,95%CI:3.34~12.35)、气管插管(OR=19.48,95%CI:9.84~38.56)、气管切开(OR=33.35,95%CI:14.46~76.96)、机械通气(OR=26.70,95%CI:8.53~83.60)、留置胄管(OR=5.84,95%CI:2.56~13.29)、留置尿管(OR=6.38,95%CI:1.82~22.37)、预防性应用抗生素(OR=5.93,95%CI:2.81~12.49)及H2受体拈抗剂(OR=4.34,95%CI:2.21~8.52)是影响卒中患者医院感染的相关因素。②有医院感染的书中患者病死率较无感染者增加4.44倍。结论出血性卒中患者较缺血性卒中有更大的医院感染的风险;老年、既往有不良生活习惯和慢性疾病史,病程中有意识障碍、吞咽障碍,行侵袭性操作和预防性使用抗生素的卒中患者,更易发生医院感染;有医院感染卒中患普的死亡风险较无感染者显著增加。  相似文献   

18.
目的系统评价全身低温治疗出血性和缺血性脑卒中的有效性和安全性。方法通过计算机检索和人工检索等方法,全面收集有关全身低温治疗脑卒中的随机对照试验(RCT)。对纳入的研究文献进行质量评价,使用RevMan统计软件进行Meta分析。结果有15个随机对照试验符合纳入标准并被录用行Meta分析,分析显示:全身低温可以降低出血性脑卒中的死亡率[OR 0.48,95%CI(0.29,0.79),P=0.004],提高治疗有效性同时不增加肺炎的发生率[OR 1.31,95%CI(0.79,2.17),P=0.3],但是会提高心律失常的发生率[OR 2.62,95%CI(1.04,6.63),P=0.03]。在缺血性脑卒中的治疗中,全身低温并没有降低随访期的死亡率[OR 1.54,95%CI(0.62,3.87),P=0.36],但是会提高肺炎[OR 6.50,95%CI(2.60,16.23),P0.000 1]和心律失常[OR 4.44,95%CI(1.75,11.26),P=0.002]的发生率,与对照组相比,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的差异也不具有统计学意义。结论全身亚低温治疗出血性脑卒中安全有效,治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效不显著,治疗同时应注意相关并发症。  相似文献   

19.

Objective

To assess the association between hyperuricemia and risk of stroke incidence and mortality because hyperuricemia is hypothesized to be a risk factor for stroke and other cardiovascular disease, but, to date, results from observational studies are conflicting.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Studies were identified by searching major electronic databases using the Medical Subject Headings and keywords without restriction in languages. Prospective cohort studies were included only if they contained data on stroke incidences or mortalities related to serum uric acid levels in adults. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) for the association of stroke incidence and mortality with serum uric acid levels were calculated.

Results

A total of 16 studies including 238,449 adults were eligible and abstracted. Hyperuricemia was associated with a significantly higher risk of both stroke incidence (6 studies; RR 1.41, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05, 1.76) and mortality (6 studies; RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03, 1.69) in our meta‐analyses of unadjusted study estimates. Subgroup analyses of studies adjusting for known risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cholesterol still showed that hyperuricemia was significantly associated with both stroke incidence (4 studies; RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19, 1.76) and mortality (6 studies; RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12, 1.39). The pooled estimate of multivariate RRs did not differ significantly by sex.

Conclusion

Hyperuricemia may modestly increase the risks of both stroke incidence and mortality. Future research is needed to determine whether lowering uric acid level has any beneficial effects on stroke.  相似文献   

20.

Introduction

Hyperuricemia may be associated with an increased risk of stroke, but to date results from prospective studies have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between hyperuricemia and risk of stroke incidence and mortality by performing a meta-analysis.

Materials and methods

Studies were identified by searching multiple electronic databases through July 13, 2013, and by reviewing reference lists of obtained articles. Prospective studies reported a multivariate-adjusted estimate, represented as relative risk (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hyperuricemia and risk of stroke incidence and mortality were eligible. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimate.

Results

A total of fourteen articles including results from 15 prospective studies with 22,571 cases of stroke and 1,042,358 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, presence of hyperuricemia was associated with a significantly greater risk of both stroke incidence (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46) and mortality (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.24–1.43). In addition, the pooled estimate of multivariate RRs of stroke incidence and mortality were 1.08 (95% CI: 0.85–1.38); 1.26 (95% CI: 1.14–1.40) among men and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04–1.46); 1.41 (95% CI: 1.31–1.52) among women respectively.

Conclusions

Results from this meta-analysis indicate that hyperuricemia may modestly increase the risks of both stroke incidence and mortality. Future studies should explore whether hyperuricemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke.  相似文献   

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