支气管肺发育不良患儿肺表面活性蛋白-B基因9306(A/G)多态性

目的 了解支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)患儿肺表面活性蛋白-B(surfactant protein-B,SP-B)基因9306 (A/G)位点多态性的分布情况. 方法 研究对象为2008年1月1日至2012年6月30日华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院新生儿重症监护病房收治的86例BPD患儿与156例无相关疾病的患儿(对照组),采用限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应技术检测SP-B基因9306 (A/G)位点基因型,样本的群体代表性进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验;2组病例基因型频率比较采用Armitage's趋势检验. 结果 BPD组AA基因型频率为67.4％(58/86),AG基因型频率为23.3％(20/86),GG基因型频率为9.3％(8/86),对照组各基因型频率分别为63.5％(99/156)、30.8％(48/156)和5.8％(9/156),2组差异没有统计学意义(x2=0.003,p=0.957).BPD组A等位基因频率为79.1％(136/172),G等位基因频率为20.9％(36/172),对照组A、G等位基因频率分别为78.8％(246/312)和21.2％(66/312),2组差异没有统计学意义(x2=0.003,P=0.954). 结论 汉族婴儿SP-B基因9306 (A/G)位点的基因多态性与BPD发病无直接相关性.     

孕激素受体基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症的关系

目的 评价孕酮受体基因内含子G插入306碱基对多态性(PROGINS)在子宫内膜异位症发病中的意义.方法 2005-06-2006-06中国医科大学附属二院和解放军463医院将66例手术及组织学证实诊断的子宫内膜异位症患者和非子宫内膜异位症对照组56例,通过人末梢血提取白细胞DNA,PCR检测基因型分布频率及等位基因(野生型T1和突变型T2)频率.结果 两组比较突变型T2基因型分布频率分别为子宫内膜异位症组0.14,对照组0.04,OR:4.54(95%CI:1.50-13.78),P=0.004.子宫内膜异位症组有2例纯突变型T2(3.0%).结论 PROGINS可能与子宫内膜异位症发病有关.     

p53基因多态性与卵巢上皮性癌发病风险的关系

目的　探讨中国北方汉族妇女卵巢上皮性癌 (卵巢癌 )易感性与 p5 3基因第 4外显子的第 72密码子和第 3内含子多态性的关系。方法　应用序列特异性引物 ,以PCR技术检测 12 4例卵巢癌患者 (卵巢癌组 )和 12 8例健康妇女 (对照组 )的p5 3基因第 4外显子的第 72密码子和第 3内含子的基因型。结果　卵巢癌组和对照组脯氨酸 (Pro)、精氨酸 (Arg)等位基因频率分别为 5 3 2 %、4 6 8%和 4 6 1%、5 3 9%,两组比较 ,差异无显著性 (χ2 =2 5 6 3,P =0 10 9) ;卵巢癌组Pro/Pro、Pro /Arg、Arg/Arg 3种基因型频率分别为 2 9 0 %、4 8 4 %、2 2 6 %,与对照组 (2 1 1%、5 0 0 %、2 8 9%)相比 ,差异也无显著性 (χ2 =2 5 98,P =0 2 73) ;按病理类型分类 ,浆液性癌和宫内膜样癌两者间或分别与对照组间 ,其基因型频率与等位基因频率比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;按手术病理分期分类 ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者Arg等位基因及Arg/Arg基因型频率明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期卵巢癌患者 (χ2 =7 4 94 ,P =0 0 0 6和 χ2 =8 318,P =0 0 0 4 )。卵巢癌组及对照组p5 3基因第 3内含子 16bp插入或缺序列 (PIN3)的A、A′等位基因频率分别为 94 8%、5 2 %及 94 5 %、5 5 %,两组比较 ,差异无显著性(χ2 =0 0 13,P =0 910 ) ;两组     

新生儿硬肿症并肺出血36例临床分析

目的 评价孕酮受体基因内含子G插入306碱基对多态性（PROGINS）在子宫内膜异位症发病中的意义。方法 2005-06—2006-06中国医科大学附属二院和解放军463医院将66例手术及组织学证实诊断的子宫内膜异位症患者和非子宫内膜异位症对照组56例，通过人末梢血提取白细胞DNA，PCR检测基因型分布频率及等位基因（野生型T1和突变型T2）频率．结果 两组比较突变型T2基因型分布频率分别为子宫内膜异位症组0．14，对照组0．04，OR：4．54（95％C1：1.50—13.78），P=0.004。子宫内膜异位症组有2例纯突变型T2（3．0％）：结论 PROG1NS可能与子宫内膜异位症发病有关。     

MDM2基因启动子区40-bp插入/缺失多态性与宫颈癌易感性相关研究

目的:研究MDM2基因启动子区的40-bp插入/缺失多态性与散发宫颈癌(CC)易感性的相关性。方法:应用PCR和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结合EB显色方法显示521bp和481bp两条条带,以此检测368例CC患者(病例组)和421例健康妇女(对照组)插入/缺失基因型频率,统计分析其与CC的关联性。结果:两组妇女年龄无显著差异,吸烟、饮酒情况存在显著性差异(P0.05)。基因分型结果显示:患者中插入/插入型(Ins/Ins),插入/缺失型(Ins/Del)和缺失/缺失型(Del/Del)基因型频率分别为0.375,0.492和0.133,健康对照组分别为0.484,0.423和0.093。基因型为Ins/Del和Del/Del的个体CRC易感性明显增高(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.11~2.03,P=0.009)(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.16~2.98,P=0.01)。结论:本组人群中MDM2基因启动子区40-bp插入/缺失多态性与宫颈癌发生存在关联,这种关联在年龄因素中并不明显,而在吸烟、饮酒情况差异显著。     

母儿中HLA-G 14bp插入/缺失多态性在早发型、晚发型重度子痫前期和正常妊娠中分布的差异

目的：探讨早发型、晚发型重度子痫前期和正常妊娠中母儿HLA-G 14bp插入/缺失多态性分布的差异。方法：（1）分析早发型重度子痫前期31例,晚发型重度子痫前期25例,正常妊娠组30例;（2）采用聚合酶链反应技术（PCR）,对3组母儿进行HLA-G基因第8外显子14bp插入/缺失多态性的等位基因分型,分别比较3组母亲之间和3组新生儿之间等位基因及基因型的频率分布,通过母/儿基因型配伍,比较3组间基因型配伍频率分布的差异。结果：（1）早发型重度子痫前期组母/儿基因型配伍为母缺失纯合子（-/-14bp）/儿杂合子（＋/-14bp）出现的几率要高于晚发型组（χ2=5.034,P=0.025）,其和正常妊娠组相比有升高的趋势（χ2=3.685,P=0.055）;早发型重度子痫前期组母/儿基因型配伍为母杂合子（＋/-14bp）/儿缺失纯合子（-/-14bp）出现的几率要低于正常妊娠组（χ2=3.985,P=0.046）;（2）正常妊娠新生儿组HLA-G 14bp缺失多态性等位基因频率分布高于早发型组（χ2=6.270,P=0.012）,缺失纯合子（-/-14bp）基因型频率分布高于早发型组（χ2=6.139,P=0.013）。结论：（1）早发型重度子痫组母/儿HLA-G 14bp插入/缺失多态性基因型配伍的不同可能引起母儿之间免疫耐受异常,导致了早发型重度子痫前期的发生;（2）胎儿HLA-G 14bp缺失多态性可能降低了早发型重度子痫前期的发生。     

人类白细胞抗原G基因14 bp缺失多态性与重度子痫前期发病的关系

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原G(HLA-G)基因第8外显子14 bp缺失多态性与重度子痫前期发病的关系.方法 选择2008年10月至2009年2月在郑州大学第三附属医院妇产科住院的42例孕晚期重度子痫前期孕妇及其新生儿为重度子痫前期组.另选择同期正常孕晚期孕妇及其新生儿45例为健康晚孕组,两组孕妇均为汉族居民.采用PCR技术对两组孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-G基因第8外显子14 bp缺失多态性的等位基因分析,分别比较两组孕妇及其新生儿之间等位基因及基因型的频率分布,通过母、儿基因型配伍,比较两组间基因型配伍频率分布的差异.结果 (1)重度子痫前期组中母、儿均为14 bp缺失纯合子(-14 bp/-14 bp)的基因型配伍的频率为14%(6/42),显著低于健康晚孕组的33%(15/45),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.038);(2)重度子痫前期组孕妇HIA-G第8外显子14 bp缺失多态性的等位基因频率、基因型频率与健康晚孕组比较,差异均尤统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)重度子痫前期组新生儿HLA-G第8外显子14 bp缺失多态性等位基因+14 bp频率为44%(37/84)、-14 bp为56%(47/84),健康晚孕组新生儿+14 bp为30%(27/90)、-14 bp为70%(63/90),两组比较,差异虽无统计学意义,但存在差异性趋势(P=0.055);重度子痫前期组新生儿(-14 bp/-14 bp)基因型频率为29%(12/42),与健康晚孕组的49%(22/45)相比,存在差异性趋势(P=0.052).结论 中国汉族孕妇中,HIJA-G第8外显子14 bp缺失多态性与重度子痫前期的发病有关;母、儿均为缺失纯合子(-14 bp/-14 bp)基因型配伍者,发生重度子痫前期的风险会降低.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体基因多态性及血浆内皮素与妊娠高血压综合征关系的研究

目的　研究血管紧张素 - 1型受体 (Angiotensin Type1Receptor,AT1 R)基因116 6位点多态性及血浆内皮素 (Endothelin,ET)在妊娠高血压综合征 (简称妊高征 )发病中的相关性。　方法　应用聚合酶链反应、限制性内切酶酶解及电泳分型的方法对 AT1 R基因 116 6位点的多态性进行分析 ,放射免疫法测定两组血浆 ET值。　结果　 (1)妊高征组 AT1 R基因 116 6位点变异体(AC、CC)频率明显高于正常妊娠组 (χ2 =11.0 6 ,P<0 .0 1) ,两组间 C等位基因频率比较差异也非常显著 (χ2 =9.73,P<0 .0 1)。 (2 )妊娠妇女 AT1 R基因 116 6位点变异型与野生型发生妊高征的比值比(OR)为 4.95 ,95 %可信限为 1.93～ 12 .72。 (3)随着妊高征病情加重 ,AT1 R基因变异频率无增高趋势。(4)妊高征组与正常妊娠组间 ET值比较差异非常显著 ,(t=5 .5 8,P<0 .0 1)。(5 )正常妊娠组中不同基因型之间 ET水平比较差异无显著性 (t=0 .83,P>0 .0 5 ) ;妊高征组变异型 ET水平较野生型增高 (t=2 .5 3,P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　 (1) AT1 R基因 116 6位点的变异与妊高征发病有关 ,C等位基因可能是妊高征的易感基因。 (2 )妊高征患者 AT1 R基因 A 116 6 C变异与血浆 ET的升高有一定相关性。     

561例新生儿胰岛素样生长因子-1启动子区域基因多态性观察

目的 检测新生儿胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)启动子区域737/738位点胞嘧啶腺苷(cytosine-adenosine,CA)重复序列的基因多态性. 方法 选择2010年6月1日至2012年6月30日于北京大学第三医院出生的健康新生儿561例.记录新生儿的性别、出生胎龄、出生体重、身长,并进行胎龄评估.出生后3～5 d清晨空腹采集足跟血,提取DNA,分析IGF-1启动子区域基因多态性.采用x2检验、独立样本t检验、方差分析和Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验进行统计学分析. 结果 561例新生儿中,足月儿413例,早产儿148例；大于胎龄儿92例,适于胎龄儿433例,小于胎龄儿36例.561例共发现7种不同的等位基因及23种不同的基因型.7种等位基因分别为188、190、192、194、196、198和200 bp.最常见的3种基因型为190～192 bp、192～196 bp及192～192 bp,其频率分别为23.2％(130/561)、15.0％(84/561)和12.8％(72/561).CA19纯合基因型(CA19/CA19)、CA19杂合基因型(CA19/CAno19)及CA19突变基因型(CAno19/CAno19)的频率在足月儿和早产儿之间差异均无统计学意义[分别为11.4％(47/413)与16.9％(25/148)、55.9％(231/413)与50.7％(75/148)、32.7％(135/413)与32.4％(48/148),x2=2.96、1.21和0.00,P均＞0.05].CA19/CA19、CA19/CAno19、CAno19/CAno19这3种基因型新生儿的出生胎龄分别为(37.1±2.9)、(37.6±3.1)和(37.4±3.1)周,差异无统计学意义(F=0.54,P=0.58).CA19/CA19在小于胎龄儿中的频率明显高于大于胎龄儿及适于胎龄儿[分别为25.0％(9/36)、7.6％(7/92)及12.9％(56/433),x2=7.01,P=0.03],但CA19/CAno19及CAno19/CAno19基因型频率在大于胎龄儿、适于胎龄儿及小于胎龄儿3组之间差异无统计学意义(CA19/CAno19:x2=1.13,P=0.57；CAno19/CAno19:x2=0.58,P=0.75). 结论 IGF-1启动子区存在基因多态性,CA19等位基因频率与出生胎龄无关.     

不同基因型阴道白假丝酵母菌细胞外蛋白水解酶和磷脂酶活性的研究

目的:研究不同基因型白假丝酵母菌细胞外蛋白水解酶和磷脂酶的活性.方法:对954株阴道白假丝酵母菌进行25S rDNA基因分型,选取其中152株进行细胞外蛋白水解酶和磷脂酶活力的测定.结果:954株白假丝酵母菌分为3种基因型,A型876株(91.8%),B型58株(6.1%),C型20株(2.1%);无论酵母相还是茵丝相,不含内含子组(A型)分泌中～高活力细胞外磷脂酶的菌株所占百分率显著高于含内含子组(B型+C型)(X2=8.352,P=0.004;x2=6.302,P=0.012),而两组间分泌的细胞外蛋白水解酶活力比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.740,P=0.110;x2=0.445,P=0.582).结论:白假丝酵母茵25S rDNA可转座Ⅰ型内含子与其细胞外磷脂酶的活力密切相关.     

Differences in female and male perception of information and decision-making in single-embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization in Sweden

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the information and the factors that contribute to the decision to accept and choose single embryo transfer (SET) in females and males. Materials and methods Fifty-four females and males undergoing SET were interviewed separately using a structured questionnaire. Results The women were significantly more satisfied with the information than the men (odds ratio 3.3), but the decision to accept SET was nevertheless more difficult for women (OR 3.1). Only one-third of both female and males were aware of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies. There was a tendency that the women who accepted SET had previous children, shorter duration of infertility, and were younger. Cryopreservation of embryos and a good pregnancy chance were important irrespective of gender. Conclusion The female needs more support to choose SET. The male needs better information and further involvement in decision-making. The females were more aware of the fetal risks, but the awareness of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies was low. The female need more support to accept and choose single embryo transfer, compared to the male and information should in some areas be directed differently to females and males.     

Non-persistent pesticides in breast milk in an agricultural area in Turkey

Background: Organophosphates, pythyreoids, carbamate pesticides and fungicides are heavily used in agriculture. They may have dangerous effects on newborn health especially on immune system and growth via prenatal transmission by placenta or postnatal transmission by breastfeeding.

Methods: In 2015, 144 non-persistent pesticides in 64 milk samples of 32 mothers were studied by OuEChERS method in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Adana, a city in Cukurova region which is an important agricultural area in Turkey.

Results: Pesticides were detected in milk samples of 11 mothers (34.3%) and 21 (32.8%) of milk samples. In five mothers, fungicides (in 5/10 samples propicanozole-PP, in 4/10 samples bromucanozole-BM), in five mothers, organophosphates (in 10/10 samples primyphosphomethyl-PPM), in one mother, both organophosphates and fungicide (in 1/2 samples PPM and in 1/2 samples buprimate) were detected. However, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were less than acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for PPM, PP and BM, respectively.

Conclusions: Although pesticides levels in human milk did not exceed the ADIs, we suggest monitoring pesticides in human breast milk especially for newborn health.     

Ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization

The main goal of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program is to maximize the number of women who become pregnant in any treatment cycle. In order to achieve pregnancy, many steps should be successfully accomplished. The number of mature oocytes that are retrieved and fertilized in a treatment cycle has the major impact on the success rate of the IVF program. The chances of achieving conception increases dramatically when the number of embryos replaced into the uterus increases^1-3. Hence, most IVF treatment programs currently use some combination of ovulation induction agents in order to stimulate and aspirate as many follicles as possible.     

Heterogeneity in alpha-thalassemia interactions in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia

AIM: Interactions between different determinants of alpha-thalassemia raises considerable problems, particularly during pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary. This study aims to determine the different types of deletional alpha-thalassemia and Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS), and their frequency in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia. METHODS: DNA from 650 pregnant women from the Antenatal Clinic of the University of Malaya Medical Center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who showed mean cell volume < or =89 fL and/or mean cell hemoglobin < or =28 pg were analyzed for the double alpha-globin gene South-East Asian deletion (--SEA), the -alpha3.7 and -alpha4.2 single alpha-globin gene deletions and HbCS. RESULTS: One hundred and three (15.8%) of the pregnant women were confirmed as alpha-thalassemia carriers: 25 (3.8%) were alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers with the --SEA/alphaalpha genotype, 64 (9.8%) were heterozygous for the -alpha3.7 rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/alphaalpha), four (0.6%) were heterozygous for the -alpha4.2 leftward deletion (-alpha4.2/alphaalpha), nine (1.4%) were heterozygous for HbCS (alphaCSalpha/alphaalpha) and one (0.2%) was compound heterozygous with the -alpha3.7/alphaCSalpha genotype. The double alpha-globin gene --SEA deletion was significantly higher in the Chinese (15%) compared to the Malays (2.5%) and not detected in the Indians studied. The -alpha3.7 deletion was distributed equally in the three races. HbCS and -alpha4.2 was observed only in the Malays. CONCLUSION: The data obtained gives a better understanding of the interactions of the different alpha-thalassemia determinants in the different ethnic groups, thus enabling more rapid and specific confirmation of alpha-thalassemia in affected pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary.     

缺氧缺血性脑病的性别差异性研究进展

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)是指围产期窒息缺氧导致的脑缺氧缺血性损害,可遗留不同程度的神经系统后遗症。动物研究表明,缺氧缺血性损伤后,炎性反应、氧化应激和细胞死亡途径等关键病理生理过程中存在明显的性别差异,雌性动物对亚低温、促红细胞生成素、脑源性营养因子和别嘌呤醇等治疗效果也明显优于雄性。临床研究发现男性HIE患儿病情更重、预后更差。基于性别的治疗干预很有可能在围产期脑损伤中提供更好的神经保护。本文总结了目前HIE性别差异性的相关证据,以期为临床治疗提供新思路。     

Trends in preterm birth in singleton deliveries in a Hong Kong population

Objective

To examine trends in preterm birth and its relationship with perinatal mortality in Hong Kong.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, data were reviewed from singletons delivered between 1995 and 2011 at a university teaching hospital. Trends in preterm birth (between 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy), perinatal mortality, and subtypes of preterm birth (spontaneous, iatrogenic, and following preterm premature rupture of membranes [PPROM]) were examined via linear regression.

Results

There were 103 364 singleton deliveries, of which 6722 (6.5%) occurred preterm, including 1835 (1.8%) early preterm births (24–33 weeks) and 4887 (4.7%) late preterm births (34–36 weeks). Frequency of preterm birth remained fairly consistent over the study period, but that of spontaneous preterm birth decreased by 25% (β = –0.83; P < 0.001), from 4.5% to 3.8%. Frequency of preterm birth following PPROM increased by 135% (β = 0.82; P < 0.001), from 0.7% to 1.7%. The perinatal mortality rate decreased from 56.7 to 37.0 deaths per 1000 deliveries before 37 weeks (β = –0.16; P = 0.54). Early preterm birth contributed to 16.0% of all deaths.

Conclusion

Although the overall rate of preterm birth in Hong Kong has remained constant, the frequencies of its subtypes have changed. Overall perinatal mortality is gradually decreasing, but early preterm birth remains a major contributor.