射频消融特发性室性心动过速的标测方法初探（附五例分析）

５例特发性室性心动过速（ＶＴ）经射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）而获治愈。本文从成功的ＲＦＣＡ结果着重探讨特发性ＶＴ兴奋灶的标测方法。心内膜激动时间标测，以局部电图较体表导联ＱＲＳ波时间提前≥１０ｍｓ处定为心室最早激动点（ＥＶＡ），５例平均心室最早激动至ＱＲＳ波起始时间为１８±１１．７ｍｓ，在ＥＶＡ处放电消融仅１例成功。采用起搏标测法定位以略低于自发ＶＴ的频率沿ＥＶＡ上下左右逐点标测，寻找起搏电图至少１１个导联的ＱＲＳ波形态、振幅、极性与自发ＶＴ相同的标测点放电消融，４例均获成功。消融成功的局部电图较ＱＲＳ波平均提前２６±１２．８ｍｓ。结果提示联合应用心内膜激动时间标测和起搏标测并侧重于后者，可能是提高ＲＦＣＡ特发性ＶＴ成功率的一种有效方法。     

特发性室性心动过速靶点标测与射频消融方法研究

目的探讨特发性室性心动过速（ＩＶＴ）有效靶点标测与射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）放电方法。方法６７例ＩＶＴ病人行ＲＦＣＡ治疗。右室ＩＶＴ（ＩＲＶＴ）和左室ＩＶＴ（ＩＬＶＴ）采用激动标测和起搏标测相结合方法寻找靶点,右室流出道（ＲＯＴ）ＩＲＶＴ用双大头导管交替标测或放置１根４极或１０极电极导管于ＲＯＴ作为参考电极。采用预设６０～７０℃渐增功率温控放电进行消融。结果６７例ＩＶＴ消融成功６２例,成功率９２．５％,其中２３例ＩＲＶＴ成功２１例,１例靶点位于右室流入道,消融成功,２２例位于ＲＯＴ,２０例消融成功;４４例ＩＶＴ成功４１例,１例靶点位于左室游离壁,消融成功,４３例位于左室室间隔部,４０例成功。４例术后出现少量心包积液。结论激动标测和起搏标测相结合是提高ＩＶＴ消融成功率的有效方法。渐增功率温控放电安全可靠。     

射频导管消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速100例体会

经射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗３．５～１４岁儿童阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）１００例，探讨ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ的安全性及疗效。１００例中房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）７９例，慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）２１例。首次消融成功９６例（９６％）。失败４例均为ＡＶＲＴ。平均Ｘ线曝光时间１９ｍｉｎ。除２例ＡＶＮＲＴ放置导管过程中发生一过性ＩＩ度房室阻滞（ＡＶＢ）外，余术中和术后均无并发症发生。术后随访１个月～４．５年，ＡＶＲＴ复发１例，ＡＶＮＲＴ复发４例（占２１例的１９％），总复发率５％。结论：①ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ安全、有效。②因儿童的ＡＶＮＲＴ消融慢径易出现ＡＶＢ且复发率高，应严格掌握手术适应证。③术中Ｘ线曝光时间应＜４０ｍｉｎ。     

射频消融治疗儿童快速性心律失常100例

探讨射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）在治疗儿童快速性心律失常中的临床价值，采用ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）９３例、特发性室性心动过速（ＩＶＴ）７例。结果：ＳＶＴ消融成功率为９１．４％，右侧旁道消融成功率低于左侧旁道及房室结慢径路消融的成功率（８１．８％ｖｓ９６．８％及９６．６％；Ｐ均＜０．０５）。随访３７．３±２０．７个月，８例复发，其中２例发作次数较术前减少，口服普罗帕酮可预防发作，另６例再次消融成功。ＩＶＴ首次消融均成功，随访１９．５±１０．３个月，２例复发，均再次消融成功。全组无并发症发生。结果提示ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童快速性心律失常是有效的、安全的。     

房室结折返性心动过速与冠状静脉窦关系的初步研究

为探讨房室结双径路导致折返性心动过速的发病机制，以更准确的选择消融靶点和减少并发症。对经电生理检查诊断的３３例室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）病人进行冠状静脉窦（ＣＳ）造影的对比研究。分为两组，其中房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）组１７例，对照组（为其他室上性心动过速）１６例。两组病人均经ＣＳ造影，观察ＣＳ形态、走行及分支情况，测量ＣＳ口（ＣＳＯ）大小、窦体直径、长度及窦口上缘与Ｈｉｓ束之间的距离。结果发现ＡＶＮＲＴ组ＣＳ近端形态多呈漏斗状，占８２．４％，而对照组漏斗状仅占２５．０％，其余多呈管状（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＶＮＲＴ组ＣＳＯ明显扩张，两组ＣＳＯ直径分别为１６．４±４．７和１０．２±３．９ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＶＮＲＴ组窦口上缘到Ｈｉｓ束的距离明显较对照组近（８．０３±６．１２ｍｍｖｓ２１．３±６．４８ｍｍ），Ｐ＜０．００１。结果提示：ＡＶＮＲＴ患者的ＣＳＯ扩张对局部心房肌的压迫和牵拉，使ＣＳＯ周围的心房肌各向异性程度增高，可能是导致各向异性折返的病理机制。由于ＣＳＯ扩张使ＣＳＯ上缘距Ｈｉｓ束距离变近，给射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ）造成困难和危险，对此类ＡＶＮＲＴ病人行ＲＦＣＡ应谨慎从事。     

阵发性室上性心动过速发作时QRS波宽度及ST-T改变的价值

本研究分析经导管射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗房室结双径路（ＡＶＮＤＰ）和隐匿性房室旁路（ＣＡＰ）患者窦性心律和心动过速时的体表心电图，探讨阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）时ＱＲＳ波宽度和ＳＴ－Ｔ改变在鉴别ＡＶＮＤＰ和ＣＡＰ的价值。资料和方法１９９７年３月...     

射频消融的临床应用

对２１例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）患者施行导管射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ），其中１０例为预激综合征并房折返性心动过速（ＷＰＷ并ＡＶＲＴ），１０例为房室结双径路并房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＤＰ并ＡＶＮＲＴ），１例为房内折返性心动过速（ＩＡＲＴ）。经ＲＦＣＡ预激旁路和房室结改良有１８例获得成功，成功率８５．７％。无并发症，随访１～６个月未见复发者。     

导管射频消蚀术治疗特发性室性心动过速（附五例报告）

导管射频消蚀术（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗特发性室性心动过速（ＩＶＴ）５例。其中ＩＶＴ起源于左室间隔区３例，右室流出道２例。４例在ＩＶＴ发作中于室内标测到较体表ＱＲＳ波提早３０～５０ｍｓ的局部电位，在此点给予射频电流，ＩＶＴ即刻终止；１例ＩＶＴ行起搏标测，在左室中间隔区标测到与ＩＶＴ时１２导联相同的ＱＲＳ波群，在该部位给予射频电流。全部病例术后停用各种抗心律失常药物，随访１～４个月，无ＩＶＴ复发，无并发症，表明ＲＦＣＡ是根治ＩＶＴ安全有效的方法。     

射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的临床疗效评价

采用射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）５１９例，总成功率为９５．０％（４９３／５１９）。其中旁道参与的ＳＶＴ３７９例（共３８４条旁道），离断３７５条，成功率（９７．７％）；房室结折返性心动过速１３４例，阻断慢径成功率９４．７％（１２６／１３３）；房性心动过速６例，成功４例，成功率６６．７％。８例患者出现并发症。随访１～５２月，２４例ＳＶＴ复发（４．６％），再次接受ＲＦＣＡ后均获成功。     

射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的临床疗效评价

采用射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）５１９例，总成功率为９５．０％（４９３／５１９）。其中旁道参与的ＳＶＴ３７９例（共３８４条旁道），离断３７５条，成功率（９７．７％）；房室结折返性心动过速１３４例，阻断慢径成功率９４．７％（１２６／１３３）；房性心动过速６例，成功４例，成功率６６．７％。８例患者出现并发症。随访１￣５２月，２４例ＳＶＴ复发（４．６％），再次接受ＲＦＣＡ后均     

Compound heterozygosity of Hb D(Iran) (beta(22) Glu-->Gln) and beta(0)-thalassemia (619 bp-deletion) in India

The present report describes the hematologic and molecular study of the second case of Hb D(Iran) associated with beta(0)-thalassemia (619 bp-deletion) found in India and the first case in which the mutations have been identified at molecular level. The patient showed hypochromic, microcytic red cell picture with reduced red cell indices. The characterization of the hemoglobinopathy was made by electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques and confirmed by sequencing of the beta-globin gene. Both the propositus and her father were found to be carriers of the gene for beta(0)-thalassemia owing to the 619 bp-deletion mutation as seen by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Single base substitution GAA > CAA (indicative of Hb D(Iran)) in the heterozygous form was seen in the propositus as well as the mother by sequencing.     

Molecular stability and function of hemoglobins Hasharon (alpha(2)47 (CD5)Asp----His beta 2) and Hasharon (alpha(2)47 (CD5)Asp----His delta 2)

The molecular stability and function of hemoglobin (Hb) Hasharon (alpha 2 H beta 2) and Hb Hasharon2 (alpha 2 H delta 2) were studied and compared to Hbs A, A2 and S. Hb Hasharon and Hb Hasharon2 had slightly lower P50 values than Hb A and Hb A2 but had normal responses to organic phosphates. The molecular stability of Hb Hasharon and Hb Hasharon2 (as measured by mechanical shaking and heat denaturation at 60 degrees C) were less than Hb A and Hb A2 but greater than Hb S in the oxy- and carbonmonoxy-forms. In the met-form, however, Hb Hasharon and Hb Hasharon2 were less stable than hemoglobins S, A and A2. The oxy-form of Hb Hasharon forms methemoglobin at a faster rate than Hb A and Hb S. The mechanical and heat stabilities and the rate of methemoglobin formation of oxy-Hb Hasharon were studied in the presence of sulfisoxazole. This drug increased the rate of methemoglobin formation, thus causing a further decrease in the stability of Hb Hasharon. The relationship between these laboratory findings and previously observed clinical findings associated with Hb Hasharon are discussed.     

Specificity and crossreactivity of idiotypes of murine antibodies induced by poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) and poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys)

Antibodies elicited against the two synthetic polypeptides, poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) [(T,G)-A-L] and poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(Lys) [(Phe,G)-A-L], are crossreactive although the humoral responses to these immunogens are under different genetic controls. The fine specificity of the antibodies elicited by the two polypeptides was studied in the present work. Antisera against (Phe,G)-A-L bind both (125)I-labeled (T,G)-A-L and iodinated modified (Phe,G)-A-L. However, while the binding to (T,G)-A-L could be inhibited completely with the two antigens, the binding to (Phe,G)-A-L was inhibited completely with (Phe,G)-A-L and only partially with (T,G)-A-L. The binding of (125)I-labeled (T,G)-A-L to antisera against (T,G)-A-L was inhibted more efficiently by the homologous antigen than by (Phe,G)-A-L although both antigens completely inhibited the binding. (T,G)-A-L specific antibodies were purified on (T,G)-A-L immunoadsorbents from antisera of high and low responder mice to (T,G)-A-L immunized with (Phe,G)-A-L. (Phe,G)-A-L specific antibodies that did not bind (T,G)-A-L were isolated from the effluent of these columns. By use of anti-idiotypic antibodies of guinea pig against C3H.SW antibodies to (T,G)-A-L it was shown that (T,G)-A-L specific antibodies isolated from antisera against (Phe,G)-A-L of C3H.SW and C3H/DiSn mice possess part of the idiotypic determinants existing on antibodies of C3H.SW obtained by immunization with (T,G)-A-L. In contrast, antibodies to (Phe,G)-A-L that did not bind (T,G)-A-L did not share idiotypic determinants with C3H.SW antibody molecules against (T,G)-A-L. These results suggest that the B cell repertoire expressed by high and low responders to (T,G)-A-L after immunization with (Phe,G)-A-L is similar and represents only part of that of high responders immunized with (T,G)-A-L.     

脂蛋白（a）和载脂蛋白（a）多态性与女性冠心病的相关性研究

冠心病（ＣＨＤ）在病因、发病年龄等诸多方面存在性别差异。载脂蛋白（ａ）［ａｐｏ（ａ）］多态性与脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］血浆水平对女性ＣＨＤ影响的资料甚少。我们通过检测３５例女性ＣＨＤ患者和４５例女性正常对照者的ａｐｏ（ａ）多态表型及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平，并与相应的男性组对比分析，发现含有等位基因Ｓ１、Ｓ２、Ｂ的ａｐｏ（ａ）低分子量表型的ＣＨＤ患者，女性占３７．１４％，显著高于对照组，而男性仅占２５．７１％，与对照组比较差异无显著性。在女性中低分子量表型发生ＣＨＤ危险度为对照组的４．７倍，在男性中仅为１．４倍。提示：低分子量表型对女性ＣＨＤ的影响大于男性。Ｌｐ（ａ）水平在两性ＣＨＤ组均明显高于对照组，而两性之间则差异无显著性。