动态增强CT扫描对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨动态增强CT扫描对良、恶性孤立性肺结节(SPN)的诊断价值.方法:时40例SPN患者行同层动态CT增强扫描,分别在平扫及增强后30s、60s、120s和180s测量病灶的CT值,获得病灶的时间-密度曲线(TAC),并进行统计学分析.结果:小肺癌与肺炎性结节、结核瘤的平扫CT值无显著差异.增强扫描小肺癌与结核瘤的CT强化程度有显著差异,但炎性结节与小肺癌的CT强化程度无显著差异.小肺癌、炎性结节,结核瘤三种病变的TAC形态不同.结论:动态增强CT扫描能显示SPN的强化特征并有助于定性诊断,是鉴别SPN良、恶性的有效影像学方法.     

动态容积CT增强扫描对肺内小结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨动态容积CT动态增强扫描对肺内小结节的鉴别诊断意义.方法:经手术病理证实肺内小结节36例,其中小肺癌10例,炎性结节12例,结核球14例,术前均行CT平扫及注药后行动态增强扫描.根据病灶平扫CT值及不同时间增强扫描的CT值分析,结果:小肺癌与结核、炎症的平扫CT值无显著差异.结核球的强化程度明显低于小肺癌和炎性结节,但炎性结节与小肺癌的CT强化程度无显著差异.小肺癌、炎性结节和结核球三种痛变增强后的CT值变化程度不同.结论:动态容积CT动态增强扫描对肺内孤立性小结节鉴别诊断有意义.     

周围型肺癌的动态增强曲线的诊断价值

目的 :探讨动态增强曲线在周围型肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值。材料和方法 :研究 116例孤立性肺结节 (直径≤4cm) ,其中肺癌 88例 ,结核球 10例 ,炎性结节 15例 ,良性肿瘤 3例。在注入造影剂 1 5ml/kg前后 ,对病灶进行同层动态扫描 ,测量增强前后各次扫描时病灶的CT值 ,根据CT值绘出动态增强曲线。结果 :三者动态增强曲线的峰值中每两者之间均有显著差异 ,肺癌的增强峰值高于结核球而低于炎性结节。肺癌的动态增强曲线多呈慢升慢降型 ,抛物线状 ;炎性结节多呈快升慢降或快升快降型 ;结核球多呈一低平曲线。炎性结节达峰值的时间较肺癌快。结论 :周围型肺癌的动态增强曲线峰值、达峰值的时间、曲线形态不同于结核球、炎性结节 ,因而动态增强曲线有助于周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断     

CT灌注成像结合动态增强在孤立性肺结节鉴别诊断中的价值分析

目的 探寻在孤立性肺结节鉴别中开展CT灌注成像结合动态增强诊断方法,对诊断效果的影响价值。方法 研究选取2020年05月～2022年03月医院呼吸科就诊120例孤立性肺结节患者为研究样本,均对纳入120例孤立性肺结节患者开展CT灌注成像结合动态增强扫描方法,统计对比检查结果准确性。结果 (1)结核瘤患者相较之小肺癌、炎性结节患者,BV、BF、PS指标存在明显降低意义,(P<0.05);小肺癌患者比较炎性结节患者,BV、BF指标方面,数据无明显差异价值,(P<0.05);小肺癌患者相比较炎性结节患者,PS指标有明显增高意义,(P<0.05);(2)开展增强扫描干预后,小肺癌与炎性结节患者相比较结核瘤患者,数据有明显增高意义,(P<0.05);CT值方面,组间患者接受平扫检查,数据差异不积极;增强扫描干预后,小肺癌患者30-180 s内动态平衡,结核瘤患者数据为缓慢攀升状态,炎性结节患者数据呈现异常增高模式。结论 在孤立性肺结节鉴别中开展CT灌注成像诊断方法,有积极诊断价值,同时联合动态增强扫描方法后,可显著提升鉴别诊断准确率,临床应用价值明显。     

能谱CT在不典型结核球与肺癌中的诊断价值

目的 探讨能谱CT在不典型结核球与肺癌中的鉴别诊断价值.方法 对45例肺结节或肿块患者进行能谱平扫及2期增强扫描,所有病灶均经病理证实.选取平扫、动脉期及静脉期能谱图像对不典型结核球组与肺癌组进行分析,测量、计算感兴趣区的标准化碘浓度(NIC)、能谱衰减曲线斜率(λHU)、平扫及2期增强扫描CT值.用两独立样本t检验分析2组病灶各能谱参数的差异.生成受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,并比较各参数的灵敏度和特异度.结果 45例患者中,不典型结核球11例,肺癌34例.比较2组的NIC、两期增强λHU和70 keV单能量图像净增CT值,肺癌组均高于不典型结核球组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而2组平扫CT值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).当NIC诊断阈值为0.105时,约登指数最大(0.733),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.89,灵敏度和特异度分别为82.4%和90.9%.结论 能谱CT各参数有助于不典型结核球与肺癌的鉴别诊断,尤其是NIC值诊断价值较高.     

CT增强扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立小结节价值

目的评价CT增强扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立小结节的价值。材料与方法直径8～20mm肺内孤立小结节患者26例小肺癌12例,灶性肺炎7例,结核结节4例,硬化性血管瘤1例,错构瘤2例。增强扫描前后均行薄层扫描(1．5～5mm层厚)。分别进行CT平扫及CT增强诊断的前瞻性对比研究。结果CT平扫诊断正确率为65％,CT增强后诊断正确率为77％,二者无显著差异。小肺癌、灶性肺炎及肺结核结节的平均增强CT值分别为42Hu,37Hu和3Hu。1例错构瘤和1例血管瘤因增强CT值大于40Hu而误诊为肺癌。结论CT增强对肺结核结节的诊断有帮助,肺癌和肺炎性病灶的CT增强鉴别诊断有困难。应强调以病灶基本形态为依据,增强CT对鉴别诊断有价值。1．0cm以下病灶的CT值测量不准确。     

螺旋CT增强扫描在孤立性肺结节诊断中的价值

目的 评价螺旋CT动态增强薄层扫描对孤立性肺结节（SPN）的诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析79例经手术病理和临床观察证实的SPN患者的CT资料。其中周围型肺癌47例，结核瘤23例。炎性结节7例，错构瘤2例。在静脉注射碘对比剂100ml(3.5ml/s)前后，对病灶进行一系列薄层扫描，测量增强前后各扫描层面的CT值，计算结节的最大强化CT值和SPN/A0值。描绘结节的时间-密度曲线，分析结节的强化类型。结果 肺癌和炎性结节的最大强化值与结核瘤有非常显著性差异；肺癌和炎性结节的SPN/Ao值与结核瘤有非常显著性差异；肺癌和炎性结节的最大强化CT值和SPN/Ao值无显著性差异。肺癌和炎性结节的各时相强化值在注射碘对比剂40s,2min无显著性差异。在5min,8min有显著性差异。平扫3组间CT值无显著性差异。32例肺癌，5例结核瘤，2例炎性结节呈不均匀强化；12例肺癌，2例炎性结节呈均匀强化；3例肺癌，6例结核瘤和2例炎性结节呈周围型强化；9例结核瘤和1例错构瘤呈包膜样强化；1例炎性结节，3例结核瘤和1例错构瘤无强化，结论 螺旋CT增强薄层扫描能准确判断SPN的强化程度及类型。可提高SPN的诊断准确率。     

螺旋CT动态增强扫描对孤立性肺结节及其周围血管表现的分析

目的探讨肺内孤立性结节动态增强扫描的强化程度，强化曲线与其周围血管强化的异常改变。资料与方法回顾性分析42例经手术、病理证实的≤3cm的孤立性肺结节，行螺旋CT动态增强扫描，其中周围型肺癌19例，结核瘤8例，炎性结节15例，在静脉注射碘对比剂100ml（3．5ml／s）前后，对病灶进行薄层扫描，测量增强前后各扫描层面的CT值，计算结节的最大强化CT值，时间-密度曲线及其周围肺血管改变，确定结节的强化类型。结果肺癌和炎性结节的最大强化值与结核瘤有非常显著性差异，周围型肺癌的强化范围20～70Hu，平均40Hu，在15例炎性结节中有9例强化后CT值〉70Hu，8例结核瘤强化后CT值均〈20Hu，结节强化‘类型：完全强化型26例，其中肺癌16例，炎性结节10例；周围强化型9例，其中结核瘤6例，炎性结节3例；包膜强化型5例，其中肺癌3例，结核瘤2例；表现结节内血管征8例，其中肺癌6例，炎性结节3例；肺血管纠集征9例，其中肺癌8例。炎性结节2例。结论周围型肺癌、炎性结节较结核瘤显著强化，强化值≤12提示为结核瘤，结节内血管征及血管纠集征则对鉴别诊断炎性结节具有重要意义。     

胸部增强CT扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立性结节的研究

目的探讨增强CT扫描鉴别诊断肺内孤立性结节的意义以及强化程度与富血管度的关系。方法病理证实的肺癌11例、炎性结节13例、结核瘤6例,术前行CT平扫和以2.5ml/s速率注入碘造影剂100ml后增强扫描,观察病灶强化程度及强化形态,并计算以上30例病灶的手术切除标本的血管数目,与术前增强CT扫描强化程度做相关分析。结果恶性肿瘤的强化程度明显高于结核(P<0.01)。两者的强化形态也不同。恶性肿瘤与炎症强化程度无显著差异(P>0.05),两者强化形态亦无明显不同。观察手术切除标本,病灶强化程度与富血管度有相关性。结论CT平扫不能鉴别肺内孤立性结节的性质。增强CT扫描肿瘤与结核的强化程度及强化形态均不同,可以进行鉴别。但恶性肿瘤与炎性结节强化程度无显著差异,强化形态也相似,故不易鉴别。病灶强化程度反映其富血管度。     

肺孤立性结节薄层动态螺旋CT扫描与病理研究

目的　探讨薄层动态螺旋CT扫描对孤立性肺结节 (SPN)的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法　对 3 8例SPN先行薄层平扫 ,再注入优维显 10 0ml ,延迟 3 0s、1min、2min、5min、10min及 15min薄层动态扫描。结果　肺癌、炎性假瘤强化程度明显高于结核与错构瘤 ,以 2 0HU为CT差阈值 ,敏感性为 10 0 % ,特异性为 96% ;肺癌强化峰值约为 2min ,炎性假瘤约为 5min ;炎性假瘤强化持续时间较肺癌长 ;结核与错构瘤均无明显强化 ,但部分结核有典型环形强化。薄层扫描能更多地发现有鉴别诊断意义的征象 ,对CT值的测量更准确。结论　薄层动态螺旋CT扫描对SPN有重要诊断与鉴别诊断价值     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.