输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤的技巧探讨(附15例报告)

目的:探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤的手术技巧。方法:对15例尿道骑跨伤患者采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术,并随访观察手术效果。结果:14例一次手术置管成功,平均手术时间8.9min,1例失败,行开放手术。术后12例患者拔出尿管后排尿通畅,随访6～12个月,无尿道狭窄发生。3例术后3个月发生尿道狭窄,经过3～6个月的尿道扩张,排尿正常,随访1年,无再狭窄发生。结论:输尿管镜下尿道会师术宜作为尿道骑跨伤的首选治疗方法,诊断性导尿可以放弃,以尿道前壁正常黏膜位为标识是成功的关键。     

骨盆骨折引起后尿道损伤的早期处理

目的：探讨骨盆骨折引起后尿道损伤早期合理的处理方法。方法：回顾性分析36例男性骨盆骨折并发后尿道损伤患者的临床资料，其中8例尿道黏膜裂伤或尿道部分断裂患者行留置导尿，另28例尿道完全断裂患者均在伤后24h内行手术治疗，其中18例行尿道会师加牵引，其余10例单纯膀胱造瘘。结果：随访6个月～5年，8例留置尿管患者，拔管后排尿通畅6例，尿线变细2例，经定期尿道扩张，排尿正常。18例尿道会师加牵引患者，拔管后适时扩张尿道，排尿通畅15例，尿线较细3例，经定期尿道扩张后，1例排尿通畅，2例失败。10例单纯膀胱造瘘患者，术后均不能排尿，分别于伤后6～12个月行开放手术及尿道内切开治疗。结论：尿道会师加牵引术是治疗骨盆骨折所致后尿道断裂的有效方法。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤尿道临床体会

目的分析输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤的效果。方法回顾性分析对21例急性闭合性尿道损伤患者实施输尿管镜下尿道会师术的临床治疗资料。结果 21例患者均成功实施手术,手术时间(27.62±9.15)min,平均尿流速率为20 m/s。19例患者拔出尿管后排尿通畅、2例拔管1~3个月后尿线细小,1例不定期行尿道扩张后治愈。1例尿道扩张无效后行离子电切镜内切开后恢复自行排尿。随访6个月~2 a,未出现无尿失禁、性功能障碍等。结论在输尿管镜下实施尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤,操作简单、创伤小、术后恢复快,并发症少。     

输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例

目的探讨输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的疗效。方法 2006年1月～2011年1月采用输尿管镜、尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例,经尿道输尿管镜探查明确损伤部位,对损伤较轻者,输尿管镜探查后直接进入膀胱,在输尿管支架管引导下置入F18～F20完成尿道会师;对输尿管完全断裂者,输尿管镜明确后行膀胱造瘘,在尿道镜引导下行输尿管支架管引导从尿道外口置入F18～F20尿管完成尿道会师,术后对尿道狭窄者定期尿道扩张。结果 28例均一次性成功,手术时间5～36 min,平均16 min。术中见尿道黏膜挫伤4例、球部尿道后壁穿孔4例、后尿道黏膜撕裂伤4例、尿道部分撕裂伤10例、尿道完全断裂伤6例,4例合并前列腺增生。23例随访3～36个月,平均27个月,其中20例随访〉24个月：术后均恢复正常排尿,最大尿液率17～22 ml/s,平均20 ml/s;9例尿道狭窄分别行冷刀内切开（3例）和直视下尿道扩张（6例）。结论经尿道腔镜下会师术操作简单,患者痛苦小,尿道排尿功能恢复良好。     

骨盆骨折致后尿道断裂35例治疗体会

目的探讨骨盆骨折所致后尿道断裂的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析35例骨盆骨折并后尿道断裂的临床治疗,并着重分析手术治疗的方法选择及注意事项。结果单纯膀胱造瘘术3例,拔管后均不能排尿;尿道会师加牵引术24例,术后4~6周拔尿管后均能自主排尿,半年内均定期尿道扩张,随访6个月~8年,除2例外,均排尿正常。尿道内切开(或)加电切术6例,均排尿通畅,随访6~38个月,无排尿困难发生。后尿道吻合2例,排尿通畅。结论针对患者不同病情,选择合适的患者,尿道会师加牵引术是治疗骨盆骨折所致后尿道断裂早期的主要治疗方法,尿道内切开(或)加电切术是治疗后期后尿道狭窄的首选方法。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤

目的探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术在尿道断裂中的应用价值。方法回顾分析16例尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床资料。结果16例手术成功,随访3个月～2年,其中排尿通畅、尿线粗,不再需要尿道扩张12例;排尿尚通畅,但仍需定期尿道扩张,无残余尿3例,1例由于术后没有定期尿道扩张3～4个月出现尿道狭窄改行尿道内冷刀切开加电切术后治愈。均无性功能异常、尿失禁。结论输尿管镜下尿道会师术手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快、效果佳,是优于传统开放尿道会师术的理想方法,合理选择病人可取得较好的治疗效果。     

膀胱镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床分析

目的探讨膀胱镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2006年以来行膀胱镜下尿道会师术的12例尿道损伤患者的临床资料。结果 9例前尿道断裂行膀胱镜下尿道会师术成功,3例后尿道断裂会师失败后改开放手术治疗,术后均留置导尿管2～6周。随访6～30个月,均出现尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张后治愈。3例出现勃起功能障碍,其中2例经膀胱镜手术者半年后好转。结论膀胱镜下尿道会师术是急诊治疗尿道损伤的有效手段,创伤小、恢复快、效果满意。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂27例报告

目的:总结输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂的临床经验。方法:对27例后尿道断裂患者早期采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术进行治疗。结果:27例患者均置管成功,无中转开放手术。结论:输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂安全有效,是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

双窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的疗效观察（附23例报告）

目的：探讨双内窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析23例尿道损伤患者采用输尿管软镜及尿道膀胱镜进行双内窥镜下尿道会师术的早期治疗经验.结果：23例损伤尿道在双内窥镜直视下会师均获得成功,全部患者无尿失禁,其中20例维持良好性功能.随访1～3年,18例无需进一步处理,尿流率正常;另5例出现短程排尿困难和继发性尿道狭窄,经短期定期尿道扩张或尿道内切开后,排尿正常.结论：双窥镜下尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤具有手术方式简单、手术时间短、微创、并发症少的优点,可有效用于男性闭合性尿道损伤的治疗,尤其是后尿道完全断裂及骨盆骨折患者.     

输尿管镜下尿道内会师术治疗尿道损伤12例体会

目的探讨输尿管镜尿道内会师术治疗闭合性尿道损伤的临床价值。方法回顾分析12例尿道损伤施行输尿管镜尿道内会师术的临床资料。结果 12例输尿管镜尿道会师术均一次性成功,7例术后排尿通畅,4例行尿道扩张数次后排尿通畅,1例尿道狭窄外院再行手术治疗,均无性功能障碍。结论输尿管镜下尿道内会师术创伤小,恢复快,是治疗闭合性尿道损伤的一种有效方法。     

骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的手术方式选择与疗效评价

目的:探讨骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的外科术式选择及手术治疗的临床效果。方法:自2000年6月至2010年8月,回顾性分析72例骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤患者的临床资料,其中男46例,女26例;年龄26～62岁,平均35.2岁;受伤至入院时间1～3h。按Tile骨盆骨折分类:A型8例,B型45例,C型19例。35例尿道部分断裂患者中,30例行导尿术,5例行Ⅰ期尿道断端吻合术联合膀胱造瘘术;37例尿道完全断裂患者中,25例行早期尿道会师术,12例行单纯膀胱造瘘术。对所有患者进行尿失禁、阳痿及尿道狭窄的评估和比较。结果:72例患者均获得随访,时间5～10年,平均7.7年。膀胱造瘘术患者尿道狭窄、阳痿和尿失禁的发生率显著高于Ⅰ期尿道断端吻合术者和早期行尿道会师术者(P<0.05);导尿术患者尿道狭窄、阳痿、尿失禁的发生率均远低于其余3组(P<0.05)。结论:对于后尿道部分断裂患者,导尿术或Ⅰ期尿道断端吻合术应首先考虑;而对于后尿道完全断裂患者,早期尿道会师术操作简单、并发症少,可作为首选治疗方法。     

尿道会师术后三腔气囊尿管的留置时间探讨

目的:探讨尿道会师术后三腔气囊尿管的合理留置时间。方法:报告65例后尿道断裂患者Ⅰ期尿道会师术后,三腔气囊尿管牵引和留置时间及尿道扩张情况。结果:23例尿道会师术后尿管留置3周,均有不同程度的尿道狭窄,需定期做尿道扩张;其中15例扩张达1年之久,3例行尿道内切开术加定期尿道扩张。20例术后留置三腔气囊尿管3个月,一次治愈7例;6例轻度尿道狭窄者,尿道扩张3～5次痊愈;其余较严重者均需扩张半年以上。22例术后尿管留置6个月,一次痊愈15例;4例轻度狭窄者,尿道扩张3～4次痊愈,其余3例狭窄者,尿道扩张3个月至半年痊愈。结论:尿道会师术后三腔气囊尿管留置时间的长短,将直接影响尿道狭窄的发生率和狭窄程度,较为合理的留置时间以6个月为宜。     

Traumatic Posterior Urethral Injury and Early Realignment Using Magnetic Urethral Catheters

Purpose

We determined the success of early urethral realignment using magnetic urethral catheters.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 patients with complete urethral disruption treated with endourological realignment 0 to 11 days after injury using coaxial magnetic urethral catheters.

Results

Urethral realignment was established in 11 of the 13 patients (85%) using magnetic urethral catheters. Of the 10 patients for whom followup was available urethral strictures developed in 5 (50%) a mean of 6.1 months after realignment, necessitating a mean of 1.4 corrective procedures per patient. Impotence was noted in 1 of 7 patients (14%) and no urinary incontinence developed after realignment.

Conclusions

Urethral realignment within 2 weeks of injury using magnetic urethral catheters is a safe and simple technique with minimal morbidity. The stricture formation, impotence and incontinence rates of this technique are comparable to those reported for delayed urethroplasty. We advocate early realignment using magnetic urethral sounds as an alternative treatment for traumatic urethral disruption.     

A New Option for the Management of Urethral Trauma: Primary Reconstruction of Posterior Urethral Disruption with a Buccal Mucosa Transplant

Up to now, the management of traumatic posterior urethral disruption ranges from primary realignment to delayed urethroplasty. However, we reconstructed the membranous part of the urethra with an onlay graft of buccal mucosa after traumatic complete disruption as a first line therapy. After 7 months followup, the clinical outcome is very good. Because primary reconstruction of the urethra with a buccal mucosa graft after traumatic disruption has not yet been reported, the question arises whether this technique should be routinely included as an option for primary urethral reconstruction after trauma of the posterior urethra.     

Evaluation and management of traumatic posterior urethral disruption with flexible cystourethroscopy

BACKGROUND: We sought to consolidate evaluation and management of traumatic urethral disruption using cystourethroscopic evaluation without retrograde urethrogram or suprapubic cystostomy placement. METHODS: We review our experience with initial flexible cystourethroscopic evaluation of suspected urethral injury from blunt trauma with placement of a Council urethral catheter to provide primary endoscopic realignment of the urethra. RESULTS: Access into the bladder was achieved in 8 of 10 patients. After a mean follow-up of 18 months (range, 9-27 months) in the six living patients, only three have required treatment for urethral stricture--direct vision internal urethrotomy in two, and open perineal urethroplasty in one. Urinary continence has been achieved in five of six patients. CONCLUSION: Primary flexible cystourethroscopy with placement of a urethral catheter streamlines evaluation of traumatic posterior urethral injury. In the presence of partial disruption it provided stricture-free outcomes in three of three surviving patients.     

Urethroscopic realignment of ruptured bulbar urethra

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficiency of early endoscopic realignment as primary therapy for bulbar urethral disruption after straddle injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1990 to 1999 we treated 16 men who had bulbar urethral disruption with endoscopic realignment. Followup included uroflowmetry and urethroscopy at 39 to 85 months. RESULTS: All 16 cases were successfully treated at a single session without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Only 2 patients required intermittent self-dilation once weekly and all were potent during followup. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this minimally invasive procedure are comparable to those of open surgery. It may be performed on an outpatient basis using only local anesthesia. Our results imply that this cost-effective therapy should be done as the initial step in most patients with bulbar urethral disruption.     

前尿道损伤早期处理的治疗体会

目的 探讨前尿道损伤早期处理方式的选择.方法 回顾性总结2001年9月至2011年6月我科47例尿道损伤患者的临床资料,分析术后并发症及排尿情况.结果 47例患者随访41例,随访时间1～84个月,术后2～6周拔除尿管;采用膀胱穿刺造瘘术3例,留置导尿8例,输尿管镜尿道置管术18例,腔镜下尿道会师术4例,尿道修补术或断端吻合术14例(术后会阴伤口感染2例,尿漏2例),术后31例排尿良好,尿道狭窄10例,失访6例.结论 前尿道不全断裂首选输尿管镜尿道置管术,不成功时行腔镜下尿道会师术,而对于前尿道断裂仍宜行尿道断端吻合术.     

Voiding and sexual dysfunctions after pelvic fracture urethral injuries treated with either initial cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty or immediate primary urethral realignment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the different immediate treatment modalities on the sexual and voiding functions in pelvic fracture urethral injuries. METHODS: The records of 38 male patients with traumatic posterior urethral injuries were reviewed, 18 of whom were treated by initial suprapubic cystostomy and delayed repair (Group 1), and 20 by primary urethral realignment (Group 2). Types of pelvic fractures and urethral injuries were classified according to surgical and radiological findings. Long-term voiding functions were determined by the patient questionnaire, residual urine and uroflow. Sexual functions were also determined by the patient questionnaire and a penile duplex ultrasound study. RESULTS: Mean follow-ups of Groups 1 and 2 were 37 and 39 months, respectively. Membranous urethral disruption extending to the urogenital diaphragm was the most frequent urethral injury (type 3), with incidences of 66.7% and 77.7%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, incidence of pelvic fracture types and urethral injury types between groups (p > 0.05). After the immediate treatments, 16.7% and 55% of the patients regained normal urination, and stricture developed in 83.3% and 45% of the patients, respectively. In 44.4% of the patients in Group 1 and 10% in Group 2, urethral strictures required open urethroplasty (p < 0.05). Erectile impotence before urethroplasty in 17.6% and 20%, anejaculation after urethroplasty in 17.6% and 15% and incontinence in 5.6% and 10% of the patients were found in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.05). However, 88.8% and 90% of patients eventually achieved normal urination with complete continence. CONCLUSION: Sexual and voiding dysfunction after pelvic fracture posterior urethral injury seem to be the result of the injury itself, not of the immediate treatment modalities. In urethral disruption injuries, primary urethral realignment seems more favourable than suprapubic cystostomy and delayed repair.     

改良尿道拖入术治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄36例疗效分析

目的:探讨中号硅胶引流管作为牵引固定装置的改良尿道拖入术,治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄或闭锁的效果。方法:2001年1月～2005年6月我科采用此方法治疗复杂外伤性后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者36例。其中25例为骨盆骨折外伤后1期尿道会师术术后尿道闭锁,余11例为骨盆骨折外伤后仅行膀胱造瘘术。尿道狭窄长度1.0～4.5cm,平均2.2cm。患者年龄17～59岁,平均44.5岁。术前并发ED9例。结果:术后随访1年,25例排尿通畅,无需尿道扩张;6例术后需行尿道扩张3～6次;3例术后需定期尿道扩张1年以上(1～3个月扩1次);2例失败。手术中无1例需要输血,术后ED患者无增加,无术后尿失禁发生。结论:改良尿道拖入术操作简单,手术效果好,损伤小,无ED、尿失禁发生。     

Deferred endoscopic urethral realignment: Role in management of traumatic posterior urethral disruption

ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to assess the value of deferred endoscopic urethral realignment after traumatic posterior urethral disruption.Patients and methodsBetween June 2001 and August 2011, we evaluated 28 patients who presented 3–6 weeks (mean 27 ± 6 days) after experiencing traumatic posterior urethral disruptions and pelvic fractures; immediate and early realignment were overdue in these cases. Patient variables included mode of presentation, mechanism of trauma, type of pelvic fracture, and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Under fluoroscopic guidance, a guidewire was passed into the injured urethral segment from the distal to proximal injured ends using a long Chiba needle, and realignment was performed using endoscopic urethrotomy. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 98 months (mean 43 ± 22.5 months).ResultsAfter the procedure, 46% of patients were stricture free. After one visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) and two VIU's, 60% and 64% of patients were stricture free. No cases of post-procedural incontinence occurred, and impotence was reported in only 14% of patients. Type of pelvic fracture was the only variable that significantly affected the success rate, where the success rate decreased from 100% in stable pelvic fracture to 25% in bilateral rotationally and vertically unstable pelvic fracture.ConclusionWhen early realignment is postponed for any reason, deferred endoscopic realignment is considered an adequate substitute because urethral continuity can be achieved in a group of patients without increase incidence of impotence and incontinence.