40例宽QRS波心动过速体表心电图及食管电生理诊断分析

目的　探讨体表心电图及食管电生理检查对宽 QRS波心动过速的诊断的准确性。方法　回顾分析 40例宽 QRS波心动过速患者体表心电图、食管心电生理检查特点 ,并与心内电生理检查结果比较 ,检验各传统指标的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果　在体表心电图及食管电生理检查各项诊断指标中 ,诊断室性心动过速的敏感性、准确性较高的指标有 :胸导联无 RS型、食管心电图房室分离、心房起搏不能终止心动过速。结论　将体表心电图及食管电生理检查结合起来分析可提高对宽 QRS波心动过速诊断的准确性。     

形态心电图特征在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨形态心电图特征在宽QRS波心动过速（WCT）鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对广西医科大学第一附属医院2005年1月-2008年6月住院并经心内电生理检查确诊WCT 96例患者的心电图,分别应用Brugada标准及形态心电图特征进行回顾分析。结果 Brugada标准诊断室性心动过速（VT）的敏感性高（92.4%）,但特异性较低（53.3%）;而形态心电图特征可应用于WCT的鉴别诊断,30例WCT心电图QRS波形态符合典型束支传导阻滞图形,诊断为室上性心动过速（SVT）伴室内差异性传导或束支传导阻滞;66例WCT心电图QRS波形态不符合典型的束支传导阻滞表现,诊断为VT。结论形态心电图特征在WCT鉴别诊断中的应用价值更高、更简便。     

aVR导联四步流程在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 验证分析aVR导联四步流程对宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)进行鉴别诊断的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析113例患者发生WCT时12导联体表心电图的形态学特征.按aVR导联四步流程分步骤地对113例WCT患者的心电图进行室性心动过速(室速)和室上性心动过速(室上速)的鉴别,将分析的结果与电生理检查结果进行比较,计算每一步...     

QRS波第一峰时限与aVR导联四步法诊断宽QRS波心动过速的分析

宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)指QRS时间≥0.12 s、频率＞100次/min的心动过速[1].室性和室上性心动过速心电图上都可表现为宽QRS波群,两者电生理机制、诊断、治疗不同,因此,对宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断十分重要.依据体表12导联心电图鉴别宽QRS波心动过速是临床常用方法,已开展的有Brugada四步法、Vereckei五步法及aVR导联四步法.2010年Luis提出通过心电图Ⅱ导联测量QRS波第一峰时限(R-wave peak time,RWPT)[2](新方法)来鉴别宽QRS波心动.本研究应用新方法和aVR导联四步法对395份动态心电图记录的宽QRS波心动过速进行了回顾性分析,比较两种方法鉴别WCT的优劣,现将结果报告如下.     

食管心电图诊断室性心动过速伴3∶2室房传导一例

对宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)患者分别行体表心电图、食管心电图(ESO)检查并分析,体表心电图表现为每3个QRS波后见到1个P'波,诊断为室性心动过速(VT)伴室房3∶1传导,ESO表现为3个QRS波后可见到2个明显的高大P'波,且P'波与QRS波形成3∶2文氏型室房传导,ESO有助于明确心室与心房之间的传导关系。本文报道1例体表心电图诊断为VT伴3∶1室房传导,但ESO诊断为VT伴3∶2室房传导患者。     

无人区心电轴在宽QRS波心动过速中的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨无人区心电轴在宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)中的鉴别诊断价值。方法收集并测量北京大学人民医院2000年1月至2005年10月经心内电生理检查明确诊断的WCT患者窦性心律及心动过速时心电图中Ⅰ、Ⅲ标准导联QRS波振幅的代数和,计算QRS波额面平均心电轴,观察无人区心电轴出现的心律失常类型及规律。结果137例[其中特发性室性心动过速(IVT)65例,室上性心动过速(室上速,SVT)72例]明确诊断的WCT患者中,18例出现无人区心电轴,其中室性心动过速(室速)16例(占室速24.6%,占总病例11.7%),均为左心室特发性室速;宽QRS波室上速2例(占宽QRS波室上速2.8%,占总病例1.5%),均为心房颤动(房颤)伴左侧旁路前传。结论无人区心电轴可以作为鉴别室速与宽QRS波室上速的一项可靠指标。     

Vereckei新四步流程法鉴别诊断宽QRS波群心动过速的临床价值

目的探讨Vereckei新四步流程法鉴别诊断宽QRS波群心动过速(WCT)的临床价值。方法回顾性分析157例WCT发作时12导联同步心电图特征,采用Vereckei新四步流程法观察其aVR导联QRS波群形态,测量QRS波的Vi/Vt值,进行分析判断,对比电生理检查结果,计算其对室性心动过速(室速,VT)诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确率。结果 157例WCT,经食道心房调搏、心内电生理检查及射频消融术确诊108例为VT,49例为室上速。采用Vereckei新四步法鉴别诊断时共有114例诊断为室速,114例经食道心房调搏、心内电生理检查及射频消融术确诊102例为VT,12例为SVT。其对VT诊断的敏感性94.4%,特异性75.5%,准确率为88.5%。VT组心电图aVR导联起始部为R波,起始为r波或q波时的时限40ms,以QS波为主波时前降支部分有顿挫及QRS波的Vi/Vt值≤1的发生率明显高于室上性心动过速(室上速,SVT)组,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Vereckei新四步流程法用于鉴别诊断WCT,具有敏感性强、简单方便、准确的优点,尤其适用于临床紧急情况,对WCT的急诊处理、病情预后及治疗策略的选择具有较高的临床应用价值。     

食管心脏电生理检查诊断宽QRS心动过速一例分析

宽QRS心动过速指QRS时间≥120ms,心率〉100bpm的心动过速,临床分为两大类：室性心动过速;室上性心动过速伴有心室内差异传导、功能性束支及分支阻滞和预激综合征引起的心动过速。两者鉴别一直是体表心电图诊断的难点,尽管多年来有众多的鉴别诊断方案,如wellens方法、Brugada方案、Akhtar标准及avR四步诊断法等,但是还有部分宽QRS心动过速得不到正确诊断,必须通过食管心脏电生理或心内电生理检查,才能揭开庐山真面目,确切诊断宽QRS心动过速的性质,选择最佳治疗方案。现将通过食管电生理检查对宽QRS心动过速作出正确诊断的一例病例报告如下。     

食管导联心电图诊断宽QRS波群心动过速

宽QRS波群心动过速是指QRS时间＞0.12s,心室率＞100次/min的心动过速。在宽QRS波群心动过速中,起源于心室不同部位的室性心动过速占70%～80%,其余为室上性心动过速伴心室内阻滞或伴旁路顺传等[1]。由于宽QRS波群心动过速时在常规心电图中不易显示P波,常造成诊断困难。但通过分析食管导联记录到的高尖P波与QRS波群的关系,可迅速对宽QRS波群心动过速进行准确诊断;利用食管电极起搏心脏还可终止部分宽QRS波群心动过速[2]。本文通过对12例宽QRS波群心动过速患者食管心电图分析,探讨食管心电图在宽QRS波群心动过速诊断中的应用价值。     

Vereckei新四步法对宽QRS波室性心动过速的诊断价值

目的：评价Vereckei新四步法对宽QRS波室性心动过速（WCT）的诊断价值。方法纳入2009年5月~2012年12月北京军区总医院经Brugada四步法确诊为WCT的患者100例,应用Vereckei新四步法对其12导联体表心电图进行回顾性分析,观察Vereckei新四步法对WCT的诊断与Brugada四步法的阳性一致率。结果 Vereckei新四步法诊断WCT与Brugada四步法的阳性一致率为92%。结论 Vereckei新四步法诊断WCT分析方法简单易行,准确度较高,值得临床推广应用。     

经食管心房调搏在特发性室速诊断中的应用

目的探讨经食管心房调搏在特发性室性心动过速(室速)中的应用价值。方法回顾分析30例特发性室速患者的经食管心房调搏资料。结果经食管心房调搏基础刺激诱发心动过速6例(20%),静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素激发后刺激诱发12例(40%),心动过速时通过食管心电图证实QRS波群与P波非1∶1关系,且心室率>心房率而确诊为室速26例(86.67%)。心动过速自行终止5例(16.67%),药物或其它方法终止19例,经食管心房调搏超速刺激法终止6例(20%)。结论经食管心房调搏对诱发和确诊室速有较大的帮助,经食管心房调搏终止室速成功率不高。     

A transcardiac lead system for identification and termination of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia

The value of a transcardiac lead system (coronary sinus to right ventricular apex) to record atrial and ventricular electrical activity and its pacing capabilities was assessed in 20 patients with a variety of tachycardias (atrial tachycardia in 3 patients, atrial flutter in 4, intranodal tachycardia in 6, circus movement tachycardia using an accessory pathway in 1 patient, and ventricular tachycardia in 9). The transcardiac lead invariably showed both atrial and ventricular electrical activity during sinus rhythm and tachycardias, allowing application of the same criteria as used when analyzing cardiac rhythm on the surface electrocardiogram. Atrial complexes had a mean amplitude of 4.2 mV during sinus rhythm and varied from 3.0 to 4.1 mV during the different types of tachycardia. Ventricular complexes had a mean amplitude of 9.8 mV during sinus rhythm, 13.8 mV during supraventricular tachycardia and 16.1 mV during ventricular tachycardia. The duration of the QRS complex on the transcardiac lead was equal to the duration of the QRS complex on the surface electrocardiogram during tachycardias with a small or wide QRS complex. By varying the intensity of current delivered through the transcardiac lead, only right ventricular pacing (mean current intensity 1.2 +/- 0.4 mA) or simultaneous atrioventricular pacing (mean current intensity 4.7 +/- 3.3 mA) could be achieved. Termination of all episodes of tachycardia was achieved with either ventricular pacing or simultaneous atrioventricular pacing. This transcardiac lead system allows clear identification of atrial and ventricular events, is suitable for tachycardia analysis using simple surface electrocardiographic algorithms and allows pacing termination of a variety of tachycardias.     

Atrial Pacing in Ventricular Tachycardia and Supraventricular Tachycardia with Aberrant Intraventricular Conduction: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications*

Summary: The diagnostic and potential therapeutic value of rapid right atrial pacing in ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant intraventricular conduction, was examined. The effect of right atrial pacing at incremental rates beginning 10 bpm above the rate of the tachycardia was studied in five patients with ventricular tachycardia, and in four patients with supraventricular tachycardia with rate-related bundle branch block aberration, the mechanism of tachycardia having been demonstrated at electrophysiology study. Atrial pacing resulted in persistent (four) or occasional (one) normalisation of the QRS complexes to that seen in sinus rhythm in those five patients with ventricular tachycardia. The intraventricular conduction pattern persisted with atrial pacing in those patients with supra-ventricular tachycardia and aberrant intraventricular conduction. This confirms that atrial pacing is a useful and simple diagnostic test in wide QRS tachycardia, which does not require sophisticated electrophysiological facilities. In three of the patients with ventricular tachycardia, atrial pacing terminated the arrhythmia, suggesting potential therapeutic use of rapid atrial pacing in such patients.     

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND ATRIAL PACING IN ACUTE CARDIAC CARE: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC VALUE

The utility of transesophageal electrocardiography using a bipolar 'pill electrode' was assessed in 17 consecutive patients with tachycardia presenting to our casualty department. Standard 12-lead electrocardiography showed regular narrow QRS tachycardia in 12 patients, and five patients had wide QRS tachycardia. Esophageal atrial electrogram recordings were obtained in 14 patients (82%), and these were helpful in determining the mechanism of tachycardia in 11 patients (78%). Of these 11, seven patients fulfilled criteria for atrioventricular junctional (AVJ) tachycardia based on measurement of the minimum interval between the onset of ventricular depolarisation and earliest atrial (esophageal) activity. One of these patients had presented with a wide QRS tachycardia. The other four patients were diagnosed as having ventricular tachycardia (VT) following diagnosis of AV dissociation. Atrial overdrive pacing, via the pill electrode, successfully reverted four of the nine patients (44%) with narrow QRS tachycardia but no patient with VT. Esophageal recording during tachycardia is a simple, relatively non-invasive technique which is helpful in suggesting the mechanism of tachycardia both in patients with narrow and wide QRS tachycardia, and may have a therapeutic role in patients with AVJ tachycardia. (Aust NZ J Med 1989; 19: 11–15.)     

Comparative study of transesophageal atrial pacing and intracardiac electrophysiology in patients with supraventricular tachycardia

The diagnostic value of transesophageal atrial pacing in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has been discussed according to the comparison of the results of intracardiac and transesophageal electrophysiological study. Some quantitative criteria for the differential diagnosis of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (RT-AVN) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (RT-AP) has been proposed. We found that RT-AVN and RT-AP could be separated by noninvasive transesophageal atrial pacing. We also suggested that induced SVT would be RT-AVN if (1) SR conductive curve was not continuous and SR jump greater than 70 ms, (2) AV interval less than 60 ms, and it would be RT-AP if (1) SR curve was continuous and there was no SR jump phenomenon, (2) VA interval greater than 100 ms. Thus, transesophageal atrial pacing was very helpful in distinguishing the mechanisms of SVT and could provide a simple clinical cardiac electrophysiological procedure in diagnosing SVTs.     

Differential diagnosis of tachycardia with narrow QRS complex (shorter than 0.12 second)

One hundred eighty-seven patients with clinically documented supraventricular tachycardia with a narrow QRS complex were admitted for electrophysiologic study. The diagnoses after this study were circus movement tachycardia using an accessory pathway in 50 patients, atrioventricular nodal tachycardia in 50 patients, atrial flutter in 50 patients, atrial tachycardia in 27 patients and an incessant tachycardia retrogradely using a slowly conducting accessory pathway in 10 patients. On retrospective analysis, 5 criteria on the 12-lead electrocardiogram during tachycardia were analyzed for their value in making the diagnosis of site of origin. These criteria were P-wave location, axis of the P wave, atrial rate, alternation of the QRS complex and atrioventricular relation. Fifty-seven patients with a narrow QRS tachycardia were prospectively studied using the 5 criteria. A correct diagnosis was made in 48 of the 57 patients (84%). Thus, in most patients with a narrow QRS tachycardia, information from the 12-lead electrocardiogram is adequate for diagnosis.     

经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上速诱发与终止的临床价值

目的：研究经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）诱发与终止的价值。方法：选择237例有心动过速发作史的患者进行食管心房调搏检查,如果诱发出阵发性室上速,进行12导联心电图记录后,予以短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激终止之。另外对54例急诊PSVT患者直接予以短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激终止之。结果：在被检的237例患者中诱发出PSVT148例,占62．4％（其中房室结双径87例,房室折返为61例）。对其202例PSVT患者均采用短阵快速刺激或程序期前刺激。PSVT即刻终止的有196例,转复成功率97％。结论：经食管心房调搏可作为PSVT筛选检查及终止的首选方法。     

经食管心房调搏对不同类型房室结折返性心动过速的诊断价值

目的:探讨经食管心房调搏对不同类型房室结折返性心动过速诊断的准确性。方法:收集近5个月经心内电生理检查（标准诊断）确诊为房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）196例，与其食管调搏的诊断进行比较。结果:两种电生理检查诊断慢-快型AVNRT符合率100%，但食管电生理检查对快-慢型AVNRT及慢-慢型AVNRT与起源于心房下部靠间隔的房速不易鉴别。结论:经食管心脏电生理检查对慢-快型AVNRT具确诊价值。对快-慢型或慢-慢型AVNRT容易误诊为房速。     

经食道心房调搏术诊治快速型心律失常的应用价值

目的探讨经食道心房调搏诊治快速型心律失常的价值。方法对278例快速型心律失常患者行经食道心房调搏术。结果278例患者检出阵发性室上性心动过速(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT)218例、室性心动过速5例、心房扑动31例、心房纤颤24例,其中PSVT中房室折返性心动过速109例,房室结折返性心动过速65例,阵发性房性心动过速44例。以超速抑制法终止室上性心动过速发作208例(95.4%),失败10例,心房扑动成功27例(87.1%);药物终止快速型心律失常对心脏电生理参数有影响(P0.05)。结论经食道心房调搏术是一种简便、高效和安全的快速型心律失常诊治方法,值得临床推广。     

食道心房调搏对窄QRS波室上性心动过速机制研究

目的：了解食道心房调搏（TEAP）对窄QRS波室上性心动过速机制的鉴别。方法：采用无创性TEAP技术,对145例有心动过速史但无器质性心脏病的患者进行检查,诱发窄QRS汉心动过速。结果：检出的窄QES波折返阵性发性室上性心动过速中,房室折返性心;动过速及房室结内折返性心动过速占约大多数,房性折返性心动过速极少。结论：TEAP是鉴别窄QRS波PSVT机制的一种安全,有效的方法。