Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in women of childbearing age in Mali

A serological investigation on adult female in Mali show a high degree of positivity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, of which 42% HBs Ag +. Only 6% exhibit active replication. The low prevalence of anti-HBs (+) with a high degree of anti-HB (+) explain a high incidence of infection with a low immune response to HBs antigen. The existence of anti-Delta (+) asymptomatic carriers is an additional support to a vaccination programme.     

Prevalence of CMV antibodies among women of childbearing age in different social environments in southern Israel

The prevalence rate of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in a sample of 567 women of childbearing age in the southern part of Israel by the immunoperoxidase assay to membrane antigen (IPAMA) technique. Urban Jewish women of Afro-Asian origin showed significantly higher rates of seropositivity than urban Jewish women of European-American origin (80% vs 65%, respectively, P less than 0.001), closely resembling the level of CMV seropositivity found in Afro-Asian and European-American countries in the same age and sex population groups. The Bedouin women showed slightly lower rates of CMV seropositivity (75%) than Jewish women of Afro-Asian origin. Particularly high rates of CMV seropositivity were detected in women who live in a kibbutz environment: 96% in women of Afro-Asian origin and 80% in women of Euro-American origin. Multiple discriminant analysis also singles out the kibbutz environment as a major contributor to the variance between the groups tested (P less than 0.003).     

High prevalence of high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses harboring atypical distribution in women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon

The extent of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital shedding and type-specific diversity were evaluated in 354 consecutive women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon. Detection of HPV DNA was performed by PCR using the MY09/MY11 primer set on DNA extracted from endocervical swabs. All PCR positive specimens were subjected to direct sequencing and HPV genotypes were identified on the basis of >95% sequence homology in the L1 region. Reverse line blot hybridization assay was used when a genotype could not be resolved by sequencing alone. HPV DNA was detected in 163 (46%) women, all clinically asymptomatic for HPV-related lesions. The highest prevalence of genital HPV detection (45%) was in the age group from 22 to 29 years. A total of 90 women (55%) harbored high-risk (HR) genotypes, with the most common being HPV-53 (19; 12%), HPV-58 (17; 11%), and HPV-16 (16; 10%). Low-risk genotypes were found in 36 (22%) women with HPV-54 and HPV-70 being the most frequently detected (17; 11% and 10; 6%, respectively). Finally 37 women (23%) tested positive for genotypes of unknown oncogenic risk, the most common in this category being HPV-83 (20; 12%). Multiple infections were detected in 35 (21%) women. By multivariate analysis, HPV genital shedding was significantly associated with young age (OR: 0.34; P < 0.007). The multivalent vaccine currently available against cervical carcinomas, is only active against HPV-16 and HPV-18, and will thus have a low impact in this setting.     

Seroprevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Switzerland

A seroepidemiological study was carried out in Switzerland to define the population susceptible to rubella among women of childbearing age. IgG antibodies to rubella virus were determined in 9,046 women giving birth between 1 August 1990 and 30 September 1991 in 23 of 26 Swiss cantons. These sera represented 10–20 % of the yearly total number of births in each Swiss canton. Anti-rubella IgG was measured by an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for use with a commercial system (Vidas Rub IgG, bio-Mérieux, France). Before the study population was screened, the commercial system was compared to the traditional hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test using 500 consecutive samples from parturient women. The sensitivity was 97.7 %, the specificity was 100 %, and agreement between the two tests was 97.8 %. The discrepancies corresponded to very low titres of antibodies as measured by HAL The seroprevalence of rubella nationwide in women of childbearing age in Switzerland was 94.3 %. The seroprevalence was higher (96.5 %) in the 5,677 women of Swiss nationality than in the 3,090 women of a different nationality (90.4%) (p<0.001). In Swiss women the seroprevalence of rubella did not increase significantly with age and was identical in primiparous and in multiparous women, thus indicating that women of childbearing age are probably not sufficiently immunised.     

肥胖与育龄期女性生殖功能研究进展

女性生殖功能受众多因素影响,肥胖是引起育龄期女性生殖能力降低的重要因素之一.育龄期肥胖女性可表现为月经紊乱,排卵障碍甚至不孕.肥胖与多囊卵巢综合征互为因果.肥胖影响辅助生殖技术的结局,使自然流产的风险增高,影响到妊娠的结局.避免超重及肥胖,积极控制多余体重,提高肥胖女性生育能力.     

Prevalence and comorbidity of dysthymic disorder among psychiatric outpatients.

We investigated prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-III dysthymic disorder in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Seventy-five consecutive outpatients received structured interviews. Prevalence of dysthymic disorder was 36% in the consecutive sample. Thirty-four dysthymic and 56 non-dysthymic patients were compared for comorbidity. Dysthymic subjects were more likely to meet criteria for major depression, social phobia, and avoidant, self-defeating, dependent, and borderline personality disorders. Dysthymic disorder was usually of early onset, predating comorbid disorders, and had often not received adequate antidepressant treatment. These results help define dysthymic disorder as prevalent, usually predating axis I comorbidity, and associated with particular axis II diagnoses.     

Prevalence,predictors and reasons for home delivery amongst women of childbearing age in Dodoma Municipality in central Tanzania

IntroductionThe objective was to determine the prevalence, predictors and reasons for home delivery amongst women of childbearing age in Dodoma, Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted amongst women living in Dodoma Municipality. Data were collected using adapted questionnaires and analysed using SPPS version 23. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the independent predictors of home delivery.ResultsA total of 425 women of childbearing age were enrolled in this study. The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 28.7 (±7.1) years. The prevalence of home delivery was 35.5% (n=150, 95% CI 30.9 – 40.2). Women with secondary school and above had 93% less odds of home delivery than women who had no education (AOR=0.0795% CI: 0.03–0.18). Women who lived in rural areas (AOR=3.49, 95% CI: 2.12–5.75), and women living more than 5km from health facilities (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.65–4.37) had higher odds of home delivery. The main reasons for home delivery were transportation cost, and long distance to the nearest health facilities.ConclusionIn this population, the prevalence of home delivery remained to be high. To address this more collaborative multisectoral effort like strengthening health education and strengthening maternity waiting homes are needed.     

Alcohol dependency and affective illness among women of childbearing age

Summary The objectives of the study were to identify variables that predicted duration of an episode of alcoholism among women and to examine risk factors for women having comorbid alcoholism with affective illness when compared to women who had an affective disorder only. We selected a cohort of women of childbearing age (n = 231) from computerized medical records. The women were contacted five years after their initial emergency visit and asked to participate in a follow-up study. Each RDC episode of illness and its duration were plotted on a longitudinal time-line graph. The only multivariate predictor of duration of an episode of alcoholism was comorbidity with a mood disorder. We compared women who had alcoholism comorbid with affective illness to women with affective illness only. Women with both disorders were 36 times more likely to have a history of illness with their first psychiatric episode before the age of 15 compared to women with an affective disorder only. The findings suggest a dual liability for alcoholism and an affective illness among women with young children.     

A comparison of US-born African-American and African-Caribbean psychiatric outpatients.

This study compares US-born African Americans with African Caribbeans attending an urban psychiatric outpatient clinic on various items pertaining to sociodemographics, psychiatric history, current psychiatric illness, and physical health. A structured chart review was performed on a sample comprised of 135 native-born African Americans and 91 African Caribbeans who had attended the clinic during an 11-year period. A total of 28 clinical variables were examined. Nine clinical variables were found to significantly differentiate the two groups in bivariate analysis, and these were entered along with three demographic control variables into a logistic regression analysis. Seven variables attained significant independent effects. African Americans were differentiated from African Caribbeans on history of greater alcoholic abuse or dependence, presence of more delusions, worse health, longer history of previous outpatient treatment, and greater clinical improvement at 6 months. African Caribbeans were found to have a greater frequency of depression and aggressivity. These data underscore the importance of examining intraracial differences in mental illness as well as pointing to the potential benefits of using intraracial comparisons to interpret interracial analyses.     

`Normal'' vaginal microbiology of women of childbearing age in relation to the use of oral contraceptives and vaginal tampons

The vaginal microbiology of women attending a family planning clinic was found to be unrelated to the use of oral contraceptives and vaginal tampons.Beta haemolytic streptococci isolated from this ;normal' population were compared with those from 1,104 women attending general practitioners complaining of vaginal discharge. There is a caution regarding the indications for antibiotic therapy.Observations were made on the effects of contamination of vaginal swabs with yeasts and beta-haemolytic streptococci from the vulva. The persistent character of the vaginal flora over a six-month period is described.     

绍兴地区25132例育龄妇女血浆Hcy浓度检测及高Hcy育龄妇女叶酸代谢基因检测分析

目的调查分析绍兴地区育龄妇女血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）浓度及叶酸代谢基因分型情况。方法对绍兴地区25132例育龄妇女血浆Hcy浓度的进行检测,对检测到的同型半胱氨酸（Hey）高于正常参考范围的妇女进行叶酸代谢通路4个关键酶的基因进行分型。结果绍兴地区育龄妇女血浆Hcy平均浓度为（8．0±3．81μmol／L）,且随着年龄增长而升高。高龄组（〉41岁）高Hcy血症（〉15μm01／L）的检出率显著高于低年龄组（〈21岁）,P〈0．05。结论绍兴地区育龄妇女血浆Hey浓度总体保持在一个合理的水平。通过对高Hcy血症育龄妇女的叶酸代谢通路四个关键酶的基因检测分型,有利于全面掌握育龄妇女机体内叶酸代谢情况,为个性化补充叶酸提供科学依据,从而最大程度降低出生缺陷的发生。     

福海县育龄妇女不孕症的调查研究

目的本研究通过对新疆阿勒泰地区福海县人群不孕症进行现况调查,了解该县妇女人群不孕分布的现状、不孕的病因及高危因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法。包括：问卷调查、妇科检查和实验室检查三部分。数据分析采用单因素分析。结果经单因素分析发现,流产后感染、盆腔炎、阴道炎是输卵管性不孕的危险因素。结论盆腔感染、阴道炎和人工流产是输卵管性不孕的主要危险因素,应注意预防和治疗盆腔感染,减少盆腔手术的干扰和创面损伤损伤。避免非意愿的妊娠,采用口服避孕药等具有保护作用的避孕方法。     

Substance use among men who have sex with men: comparison with a national household survey

OBJECTIVE: Compare substance use among men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk for HIV infection to a nationally representative sample of heterosexual men. METHODS: Compare data from surveys of 3,212 MSM recruited for participation in a Vaccine Preparedness Study (VPS) with an age-standardized group of 2481 single, urban-dwelling men from the 1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). RESULTS: Except for alcohol, relative risk (RR [95% confidence interval (CI)]) for use of any substance was higher in the VPS than the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) (3.64 [3.01-4.42]). Drugs with the highest relative risks were "poppers" (21.6 [15.2-30.8]), sedatives (6.98 [2.46-19.8]), hallucinogens (6.14 [4.61-8.17]), tranquilizers (4.99 [2.96-8.42]), and stimulants (4.47 [3.58-5.58]). RR was higher for weekly use of poppers (33.5 [12.5-89.6]), stimulants (2.75 [1.79-4.22]), marijuana (2.37 [1.93-2.92]), and cocaine (2.24 [1.32-3.79]); and for daily use of marijuana (1.49 [1.08-2.05]). CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the VPS used more substances than a group of age-standardized, single, urban-dwelling men from the NHSDA. In view of previous data showing that substance use can be associated with unprotected sex, assessing substance use among MSM at high risk for HIV infection is an important component of risk reduction efforts.     

3640例育龄产妇TORCH筛查回顾性分析

目的对育龄妇女产前TORCH筛查,并对结果进行回顾性分析。方法采用ELISA法,对2009年1月至2011年5月在暨南大学附属第一医院做产前筛查的3640名育龄妇女进行孕妇致畸八项（TORCH-IgM及IgG抗体）或优生四项（TORCH-IgM抗体）的检测。结果孕妇致畸八项中TORCH-IgM阳性率为2.29%,优生四项中TORCH-IgM阳性率为1.59%,TORCH-IgM总阳性率为2.03%。孕妇致畸八项中Tox-IgG、RV-IgG、CMV-IgG及HSV-II-IgG分别为3.49%、69.60%、83.30%和71.00%。结论广州地区育龄妇女TORCH-IgG阳性率较低,而相应的IgM水平也较文献报道低,表明产妇TORCH既往感染和当前感染率均较低,可能与当前卫生条件的改善有关。