介入治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏的初步研究

目的:探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)外科修补术后残余漏介入治疗的方法学及临床疗效。方法:对年龄在7～58岁之间的12例VSD修补术后残余漏患者行介入治疗。封堵材料为Amplatzer非对称性室间隔缺损封堵器(AAVSDO)和对称性国产室间隔缺损封堵器(VSDO)。距手术修补时间平均为(10.2±5.5)年;9例为膜部室间隔缺损修补术后患者,3例为法乐四联征(TOF)术后患者;8例修补术后心电图示完全性右束支传导阻滞(CRBBB),1例修补术后出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞并安装了永久起搏器。以经食道超声(TEE)或经胸超声(TTE)以及左心室造影测量残余漏大小。9例患者各有1个残余漏口,3例患者右心室面有两个残余漏口。结果:超声及左心室造影所测残余漏直径分别为3～10 mm和4～10 mm,所选用封堵器直径为4～12 mm,封堵15分钟后造影示11例残余漏完全封堵,1例残留少量分流,术后1个月复查时残余分流消失。所有患者未出现新的心律失常及其它并发症。结论:介入治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏安全有效,其远期效果需长期随访观察。     

膜周部室间隔缺损经导管封堵治疗中超声心动图的应用价值

目的:探讨超声心动图技术在膜周部室间隔缺损经导管封堵术(TCVSD)中的应用价值。方法:我院拟行室问隔缺损(VSD)封堵术100例患者,术前经胸超声心动图诊断筛选病例,多部位多切面探查,精确测量VSD大小及周边残端长度,封堵术中以经胸超声心动图或经食管超声心动图(3例)实时全程监测心功能及血流动力学变化,引导封堵术的操作过程,术后24小时、1个月、3个月、6个月复查经胸超声心动图随访评价疗效。结果:4例术中放弃封堵,5例封堵失败,共91例封堵成功,技术成功率94.8%(91/96)。83例即时完全封堵(室水平分流完全消失),即时完全封堵率91.2%,8例(8.8%)术后少量残余分流,随访1年后仅1例仍存在少量残余分流。左心房、左心室内径及容积指数术后明显减小,随访中无封堵器移位脱落、瓣膜穿孔关闭不全、感染性心内膜炎、血栓形成等严重并发症。结论:严格地选择病例和封堵VSD近、中期疗效良好。超声心动图在TCVSD术前筛选病例、术中指导操作和及时评价疗效过程中起着重要作用,可以提高TCVSD的安全性和成功率,减少并发症。     

经食管超声心动图在微创室间隔缺损封堵治疗中的应用

目的 评价经食管超声心动图(transoesophageal echocardiography,TEE)在微创外科室间隔缺损封堵治疗中的临床价值.方法 经胸超声心动图检查粗筛27例室间隔缺损(VSD)患者,拟行微创外科非体外循环下封堵治疗.术前行TEE,根据VSD位置、类型、大小选择合适的封堵器;术中TEE引导封堵器放置,评价即刻封堵效果;术后1周内复查.结果 3例患者术前TEE剔除,20例患者封堵成功,TEE显示19例无残余分流,1例微量残余分流;4例患者转体外循环进行VSD修补,其中2例有残余分流,2例出现主动脉瓣反流;20例微创封堵成功患者术后1周内超声随访,均见封堵器位置正常,无残余分流,左心室重构改善,三尖瓣反流程度减轻,肺动脉压力下降.结论 TEE对选择适合行微创封堵的VSD患者、选择封堵器大小、协助封堵器的释放、评价疗效均有重要作用.微创VSD封堵安全、有效.     

心血管介入治疗室间隔膜部缺损的临床分析

目的探讨经导管介入治疗室间隔膜部缺损(VSD)的可行性、方法及疗效。方法 30例室间隔膜部缺损患者,男18例,女12例,年龄在10~57(27.2±11.5)岁。术前心脏超声检查确诊为膜周部缺损VSD,缺损直径2~8(4.6±1.6)mm,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣2~5(2.7±0.8)mm。30例患者均于术中先行左心室造影,5例合并存在膜部膨胀瘤,且其中1例同时合并两处室间隔缺损,29例患者确定适合行膜部VSD封堵术。结果 28例均应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗成功,1例存在两处室间隔缺损合并膜部膨胀瘤者,建议外科手术治疗;1例合并膜部膨胀瘤患者封堵后存在明显分流封堵未成功。成功病例随访9~48个月,经胸超声心动图检查提示封堵器位置稳定,无残余分流,无相关并发症发生。结论在严格选择适应证和有熟练操作技巧的条件下,心血管介入治疗膜部VSD是一项操作安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法,具有创伤小,恢复快等优点。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗后并发封堵器移位的原因分析

目的探讨经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损（VSD）发生封堵器移位的原因和预防措施。方法介入治疗后封堵器移位患者4（男3,女1）例,3例为膜周部VSD伴膜部瘤,1例为嵴内型VSD,缺损直径分别为13、12、12和10mm,所选用的封堵器分别为16、12mm国产对称型膜部VSD封堵器,14mmAmplatzer膜部VSD封堵器和14mm国产偏心型膜部VSD封堵器。结果4例均一次性封堵成功。术后即刻均无残余分流。2例在术后4和12h分别发生溶血,超声心动图检查封堵器位置无明显变化,但均有明显残余分流。经药物治疗后,溶血恢复正常,残余分流消失。1例术后第4天,心电图检查为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,超声心动图发现封堵器明显向囊袋出口移位。转心脏外科手术取出封堵器并修补缺损,术后患者Ⅲ度AVB恢复。1例嵴内型VSD术后2周,超声心动图发现封堵器向右心室移位,有明显残余分流。随访4个月残余分流减少。结论VSD封堵治疗后,封堵器移位与缺损的病理解剖特性有关。多发生在伴有膜部瘤的膜部VSD和嵴内型VSD。     

经导管封堵术治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损与膜周部室间隔缺损的对比研究

经导管室间隔缺损封堵术 (transcatheterclosureofventriculardefect ,TCVSD )是新型介入治疗手术。由于缺损本身的解剖多样性和技术难度限制 ,病例选择局限在膜部和肌部的部分缺损。为了进一步探讨Amplatzer封堵器的适应证 ,我们将嵴内型室间隔缺损与膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗进行对照研究 ,报道如下。资料与方法1.患者资料 :2 0 0 3年 3～ 7月在四川大学华西第二医院小儿心脏病介入中心进行室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗的患儿共 5 0例次 ,嵴内型组 7例次(有 2例进行了 2次手术 )、膜周部组 4 3例。男女比例为 :嵴内型组 4∶1,膜周部组 1…     

经胸右心室穿刺封堵术治疗室间隔缺损

目的:总结外科微创非体外循环下经胸右心室穿刺室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术的临床经验。方法:取19例VSD患者行微创非体外循环、食管超声(TEE)指引下经胸右心室穿刺VSD封堵治疗。膜周部VSD14例,干下型VSD3例,肌部VSD1例。缺损直径2.5～12(5.49±2.90)mm,膜周部VSD中2例形成膜部瘤。手术方法采用全麻,根据VSD位置选择切口位置,干下型VSD患者选择左侧胸骨旁第Ⅱ肋间切口,其余患者均选择胸骨正中中下1/3切口。TEE指引下安放VSD封堵器来封堵VSD。封堵器较缺损范围大1～2mm,干下型缺损选择偏心封堵器。结果:1例干下型VSD因封堵器释放后TEE显示主动脉瓣反流增加,经调整位置后无明显改善,遂改行常规体外循环修补VSD。其余18例封堵成功,其中16例应用等边封堵器,2例应用偏心(0mm)封堵器(均为干下型VSD),封堵器直径5～12mm,术后呼吸机辅助时间均小于5h,平均住院时间约为5d。所有封堵成功患者均未输血,术后第2天常规口服阿司匹林3mg.kg-1.d-1(最大100mg/d)。全组均未出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞及残余分流等并发症。结论:外科微创非体外循环下经胸右心室穿刺VSD封堵...     

应用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的初步研究

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的可行性及近期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 7月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 2 6例 (男 11例 ,女 15例 )膜周部VSD(2 0例合并膜部瘤 )患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄 3～ 4 0 (16 4± 10 7)岁 ,胸超声提示VSD的直径为 3～ 14 (4 7± 1 0 )mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器 ,并分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 2 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 96 %。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 2 0例 ,少量残余分流 2例 ,微量残余分流 3例 ,均在 1天至 3个月内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,但无心肌受损表现 ,余无其他严重并发症发生。 1例嵴内型VSD由于距主动脉瓣较近 ,封堵未成功。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术中的应用价值。方法:在经胸超声心动图和数字减影血管造影监测引导下,对18例膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损用Amplatzer VSD封堵器封堵。结果:18例VSD中17例封堵成功,其中3例术中出现主动脉瓣反流,2例残余分流,1例三尖瓣反流,经调整封堵器位置和方向后上述异常即刻消失;1例封堵后5小时封堵伞脱落,急行外科手术取出封堵伞,缝闭缺损。全部病例术中均未出现心率失常等并发症,17例成功封堵者术后随访1年均见封堵器位置正常、稳定,无并发症。结论:经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在VSD封堵术前、术中及术后随访中有重要作用。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗并发症分析

正1临床资料室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)是最常见的先天性心脏病,其中膜周部VSD是最常见的类型,约占全部VSD的70%左右~([1])。膜周部VSD的治疗方法包括经典的外科修补手术和介入封堵术。经皮介入封堵术治疗VSD最早由Lock等在1988年报道~([2]),但是在这项技术开展的早期,由于并发症较多,尤其是传导阻滞发生率较高,其推广应用受到较大限制。2002年以来,随着Amplatzer VSD封堵器的问世,尤其是国产封堵器的应用,VSD介入封堵治疗病例数迅速增加,成功率明显提高,但是严重迟发并发症也时有报道~([3～6])。为进一步探讨VSD封堵治疗的并发症发生原因及防治措施,现将中国医学科学院阜外医院膜周部VSD经皮介入封堵治疗的情况总结如下。     

Reappraisal of Left Ventricular to Right Atrial (LV-RA) Shunt in Pediatric Patients With Isolated Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the follow-up results of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with left ventricular to right atrial (LV-RA) shunt since infancy and to analyze the morphologic variations of this shunt. Methods and Results The study group comprised 232 consecutive pediatric patients with isolated perimembranous VSD and aneurysm, of whom 134 (58%) had LV-RA shunts. Follow-up echocardiography was performed to assess for the size of both the VSD and LV-RA shunt. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of sex, age at the initial echocardiography, follow-up period, number of patients with tricuspid regurgitation, and initial VSD size. There was a significant difference between groups in spontaneous closure (p=0.039). The event-free probability (no surgical repair of the defect) was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.129). Conclusions Perimembranous VSD with LV-RA shunt in infancy is common and associated with less chance of spontaneous closure. Color Doppler echocardiography can greatly improves the diagnostic efficacy and assist in understanding the mechanisms leading to this particular anomaly. (Circ J 2008; 72: 1487 - 1491).     

婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的:评价婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗的可行性和安全性,总结其临床特点及技术难点。方法:选取年龄小于3岁患有膜周部室间隔缺损的患儿18例(婴幼儿组),在经胸超声心动图及X线影像指导下完成介入治疗。术后1、3、6个月复查心电图、心脏超声心动图。另选20例年龄在3～7岁之间的患有膜周部室间隔缺损但不伴假性膜部瘤且符合介入治疗指征的患儿为对照组。结果:婴幼儿组15例患儿成功封堵,2例术后造影示少量分流(<3mm),其中1例24h后、1例1个月后超声心动图复查均无残余分流。术中并发左、右束支传导阻滞分别为1例和2例,均1周内恢复。术后发生股动脉血栓2例、股动静脉瘘2例、假性动脉瘤1例,经相应处理后均恢复正常。与对照组比较,婴幼儿组的操作时间较对照组长,成功例数较对照组少,心脏并发症,血管并发症,其他并发症较对照组多,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗是可行的,应加强对其介入治疗适应证的选择及心脏、血管等并发症的预防。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗五年临床随访分析

目的 总结分析室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗后的随访结果,重点分析其并发症发生情况.方法 2002年11月至2007年11月,共有445例膜周部VSD患者接受了介入封堵术,其中男性203例,女性242例,年龄2.5～58(14.2±6.8)岁.所有患者均经股静脉途径放置封堵器,采用的VSD封堵器包括进口偏心伞及国产对称伞.所有患者术后1、3、6、12个月(其后相隔1年)进行门诊随访,复查超声心动图、X线胸片、心电图.结果 共有417例患者封堵成功,总技术成功率93.7%(417/445),未发生与手术相关的死亡.至2008年2月,平均随访25.6个月(3个月～5年),严重并发症发生率为2.2%(10/445),其中包括三度房室传导阻滞安装永久起搏器2例、左束支传导阻滞伴左心室增大2例、中-大量主动脉瓣反流2例、中量三尖瓣反流2例、中量二尖瓣反流1例、溶血1例.术后5年有7例患者仍存在少量残余分流,总完全封堵率为98.3%(410/417).结论 VSD介入治疗总体上安全有效.应注意适应证的选择和术后严格随访,以减少严重并发症及晚期并发症的发生.     

QRS axis in isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect and influences of morphological factors on QRS axis.

To detect the frequency of left axis deviation (LAD) in isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSD) we retrospectively analyzed electrocardiograms of 59 patients, aged 8 months to 15 years. Patients were grouped into those having ventricular septal aneurysm (VSA) formation (n:20) and those who did not have VSA (n:39). Patients with VSA were then stratified into 2 groups according to the presence of left ventricular-to-right atrial (LV-RA) shunt. Four hundred healthy children served as the control group. We found that 12 (20.3%) of 59 patients with isolated perimembranous VSD had a LAD. Five of 6 patients with perimembranous outlet VSD and 6 with perimembranous inlet VSD had abnormal LAD with a qR pattern in I and aVL and rS in aVF. Abnormal LAD was more prevalent in patients with VSA (40%) than without VSA (7.7%) (P <.01). We also found that mild right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) with the rsR' or rSR' pattern in V1 was more frequent in patients with VSA, especially those who had LV-RA shunt. However, we could not find significant difference between patients with or without LV-RA shunt for the incidence of abnormal LAD and mild RVH. Localization of perimembranous VSD was not found to have an effect on frequency of abnormal LAD and mild RVH in this patient group. In patients with clinical findings of VSD, the existence of abnormal LAD especially if it is associated with mild RVH, should raise the possibility of perimembranous VSD with VSA formation.     

经导管封堵小儿室间隔缺损围术期心律失常的处理

目的探讨经导管室间隔缺损封堵术围术期出现的心律失常的处理方法.方法对182例先天性室间隔缺损的患儿进行室间隔缺损封堵术,经心电监测、常规心电图检查和24 h动态心电图检查,对围术期出现心律失常的31例患儿根据病情进行不同的处理.结果本组患儿无死亡,3例术后出现三度房室传导阻滞的患儿安装了临时起搏器,2例恢复窦性心律,1例转外科手术,外科术后恢复窦性心律.1例术中出现三度房室传导阻滞的患儿转心外科手术.左束支传导阻滞及二度房室传导阻滞的病例均行内科治疗并恢复,其他非严重心律失常病例给予内科对症治疗.结论经导管封堵室间隔缺损围术期心律失常的发生率相对较高,围术期的心电监测十分重要,术后要进行密切的随访观察.     

国产动脉导管封堵器闭合膜周部室间隔缺损的疗效评价

目的评价国产动脉导管（PDA）封堵器闭合膜周部室间隔缺损（VSD）的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法2004年5月至2008年7月,21例先天性膜周部VSD患者[男性10例,女性11例,年龄5～40（21．3±10．2）岁]成功接受了封堵治疗。膜周部VSD的直径均先经经胸心脏彩超检查（TTE）测量,并经左心室造影进一步明确。封堵操作完成10min后再次予TTE及左心室造影评估封堵效果。术后心电监护1周,出院前及出院后1、3、6个月随访复查TTE及心电图。结果21例患者均全部封堵成功,国产PDA封堵器尺寸为6／8～18／20mm。封堵后,2例新出现微量主动脉瓣反流,1例出现少量的三尖瓣反流;3例出现完全性或不完全性右束支传导阻滞,1例出现完全性左束支传导阻滞,1例出现不完全右束支合并间歇性完全性左束支传导阻滞,除2例完全性或不完全性右束支传导阻滞在6个月内随访时未恢复外,其他3例均在出院前恢复正常;4例存在微量残余分流,其中3例在7d后复查超声时消失,另1例在1个月随访时消失。术前TTE估测肺动脉压力为28．0～46．7（33．4±9．2）mmHg,术后肺动脉压力为16．0-30．2（19．2±7．6）mmHg,6个月随访时肺动脉压力进一步下降为15．3-26．7（17．3±6．9）mmHg。结论对部分膜周部室间隔缺损的患者应用PDA封堵器进行封堵是可行的、安全的及有效的。     

Transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defects: experience with various devices

Transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) using various devices is gaining acceptance in selected cases of perimembranous and muscular defects, avoiding the inherent risks of cardiopulmonary bypass. The procedure was attempted in 137 patients having congenital defects using Rashkind Umbrella Device (RUD) in 29 patients, Amplatzer ventricular septal occluder (AVSO) in 107 patients, and Detachable Coil in one. All patients were selected using stringent criteria by detailed transthoracic echocardiography and/or transesophageal echocardiography. The location of VSD was perimembranous in 91 patients and was muscular trabecular in 46 patients. Seven patients had left ventricle (LV) to right atrium (RA) communication. Thirty-five patients with perimembranous and two with muscular VSD had aneurysm formation. The patients were 3 to 33 years old, and the diameter of VSD ranged from 3 to 12 mm. The pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was > or = 2:1 in 47 (34.3%) patients. The procedure was successful in 130 (94.8%) patients, with a success rate of 86.2% with RUD and 97.1% with AVSO. Residual shunt at 24 hours was seen in eight (32%) patients with RUD and in one patient (0.9%) with AVSO. Three (2.8%) developed transient bundle branch block, and two (1.9%) patients had complete heart block. New tricuspid stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation was observed in one patient each with AVSO. After immediate balloon dilatation, the mean pressure gradient across tricuspid valve decreased from 11 to 3 mmHg in the patient with tricuspid stenosis. On a follow-up of 1 to 66 (mean 35.2 +/- 10.7) months, the device was in position in all. None developed late conduction defect, aortic regurgitation, infective endocarditis, or hemolysis. At 9-month follow-up, the mean pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve was 3 mmHg in the patient with tricuspid stenosis. Complete occlusion of the shunt was achieved in 129(99.2%) patients. One patient with RUD having persistent residual shunt underwent a second procedure with AVSO. Three out of 107 patients with AVSO had an unsuccessful procedure where the defect was perimembranous with a superior margin of defect less than 3 mm away from the aortic valve, and the specially designed perimembranous AVSO had to be retrieved because of hemodynamic compromise due to significant acute aortic regurgitation, whereas in all others, the defect was either > or = 3 mm away from the aortic valve or had aneurysm formation. All seven patients with LV to RA communication showed complete abolition of the shunt. Thus, in properly selected cases of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects, the transcatheter closure is safe and efficacious using appropriate devices. The success rate is higher with AVSO compared with the previously used devices, as well as more successful for the muscular defects than those that are perimembranous in location.     

室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗发生心律失常的临床研究

目的探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管介入治疗发生心律失常的机制及防治对策。方法对79例VSD患者进行介入封堵治疗。膜周部VSD单纯型50例,膨出瘤型28例,肌部VSD1例。选用Rashkind双伞闭合器2例,Sideris钮扣闭合装置16例,Amplatzer PDA封堵器45例,Amplatzer偏心型膜周部封堵器11例,Am-platzer肌部VSD封堵器1例。结果79例患者75例封堵成功(94.9%)。术后新出现心律失常31例(41.3%),其中不完全性右束支传导阻滞17例(22.7%),完全性右束支传导阻滞3例(4%),完全性左束支传导阻滞6例(8%),室性早搏3例(4%),间歇性室上性心动过速2例(2.7%)。1例患者术前心电图示完全性右束支传导阻滞,术后第4天心电图表现为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,临床伴发阿—斯综合征。经紧急开胸心脏挤压,气管插管,安置心外膜临时起搏器,复苏成功,出院时患者心电图恢复至术前状态。其余25例束支传导阻滞,其中5例应用强的松30mg/日,一周后仅有2例存在不完全性右束支传导阻滞,1例存在不完全性左束支传导阻滞。3例室性早搏,2例为一过性,1例经抗心律失常药物治疗,出院时室性早搏仍有591次/24小时。结论经导管封堵VSD,出现心律失常达41.3%,但严重心律失常发生率低,是安全、有效可靠的治疗方法。     

Percutaneous transcatheter ventricular septal defect closure in adults with Amplatzer septal occluders

BACKGROUND: The interest in transcatheter ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure is continuously growing. Therefore, we report our experience in perimembranous (Pm) and postinfarction (Pi) VSD closure. METHODS: All patients, older than 16 years, were selected from a data base, in which Pm and Pi VSDs were registered.The patients' files were reviewed until the most recent follow-up date. RESULTS: Nine (7 male, 37.4 +/- 12.8 y) and 8 (6 male, 76.3 +/- 6.2 y) patients underwent a Pm (group A) and Pi VSD (group B) closure, respectively. One female patient was treated for a posttraumatic VSD (26 y). In group A, 7 patients were closed with the Amplatzer perimembranous VSD occluder, one with the muscular VSD occluder, and one patient with the atrial septal defect occluder. All patients in group B were treated with the muscular VSD occluder. In the post-traumatic VSD an Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder was used. Device implantation was feasible in all, except in two patients with extremely large VSDs (one Pm and one PiVSD). Total transcatheter closure or small residual leakage was achieved in 7/8 patients in group A, but one patient needed surgical VSD repair because of massive haemolysis, another patient died 9 months later. A small or moderate shunt was present immediately after the procedure in all patients of group B. No device-related complications were reported, but all, except one patient, died within 2 weeks after the procedure because of an extremely high co-morbidity (logistic Euroscore 70 +/- 25%).Total closure was achieved in the post-traumatic VSD. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of Pm and Pi VSD with Amplatzer septal occluders in adults is feasible and safe, but the post-procedural prognosis totally depends on the aetiology of the VSD and its co-morbidity.     

膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗相关心律失常的发生与转归

目的 探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗相关心律失常的发生与转归。 方法 以2002年10月～2019年5月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院住院并成功行VSD介入封堵术治疗的患者为研究对象,要求随访资料完整,分别统计患者术前及术后随访期间的心电图及动态心电图资料,随访方法为（1、3、6、12）个月各随访1次,以后每年随访1次。对VSD介入治疗相关性心律失常的发生及转归情况进行统计分析。 结果 共筛选在我院行介入治疗VSD患者1125例,最终纳入794例（男,424例）膜周部VSD患者。所有患者均完成1年以上随访,随访时间(12.45 ± 4.70)年。结果显示:①VSD介入封堵术前心电图显示13例有心律失常（1.64%）,包括频发房性早搏伴短阵房性心动过速3例、室性早搏4例、完全性右束支传导阻滞（CRBBB）6例。②VSD介入封堵术中及术后随访期间新发心律失常86例（10.83%）,其中CRBBB 17例（2.14%）、不完全性右束支传导阻滞(IRBBB)20例（2.52%）、完全性左束支传导阻滞(CLBBB)17例（2.14%）、一度房室传导阻滞（AVB）4例（0.5%）、三度AVB12例（1.51%）、室性心律失常10例（1.26%）、室上性心律失常6例（0.76%）。③VSD介入治疗术中及术后住院期间新发心律失常84例,经治疗出院时74例完全恢复正常（88.10%）;至术后1个月随访时92.90%的患者完全恢复正常。④术后远期随访期间发生CLBBB及三度AVB各1例,其中三度AVB患者植入了永久性心脏起搏器。 结论 ①膜周部VSD介入治疗相关性心律失常发生率较高,但经积极治疗绝大多数可完全恢复正常。②VSD介入治疗后远期仍可发生严重心律失常,需引起临床重视。