法舒地尔对高血压大鼠勃起功能的影响

目的:探讨Rho激酶抑制剂法舒地尔对高血压大鼠勃起功能的影响及其机制。方法:12周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组(A组)、高血压组(B组)、法舒地尔治疗组(C组),建立高血压大鼠模型后,C组给予法舒地尔[30 mg/(kg.d)]腹腔注射,A组、B组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射,术后10周测量大鼠阴茎海绵体内压/平均颈动脉压(ICPmax/MAP),Western印迹法测定ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白在阴茎海绵体的表达水平。结果:B组收缩压(mmHg)、ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白表达(190.39±5.07、0.048±0.002、0.143±0.011)较A组(124.81±4.01、0.036±0.001、0.101±0.011)显著增加(P<0.05),C组收缩压(mmHg)、ROCK1、ROCK2蛋白表达(182.03±4.32、0.044±0.001、0.126±0.007)较B组显著降低(P<0.05),B组ICPmax/MAP(36.82±5.47)较A组(59.99±5.69)显著降低(P<0.05),C组(51.1±5.63)较B组显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:法舒地尔可通过抑制RhoA/Rho激酶信号高表达及可能的降血压作用而改善高血压大鼠勃起功能。     

雄激素对大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌中兰尼碱受体1和电压门控钙离子通道1.3表达的影响研究

目的:研究兰尼碱受体1(RyR1)和电压门控钙离子通道1.3(CaV1.3)在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌的表达,探讨其在去势后勃起功能障碍发生中的作用。方法:40只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机均分成:假手术2周组(A组),假手术4周组(B组),去势2周组(C组),去势4周组(D组)。术后实验各组检测血清睾酮(T)水平,免疫组化及RT-PCR技术检测RyR1和CaV1.3在大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌中的表达。结果:血清T水平C组[(15.97±5.67)nmol/L]和D组[(2.03±1.57)nmol/L]分别较A组[(90.54±20.13)nmol/L]和B组[(120.35±30.32)nmol/L]显著下降(P<0.05)。RyR1、CaV1.3在各组大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌中均有表达,RyR1 mRNA相对表达量灰度比值C组(0.51±0.24)和D组(0.33±0.15)分别较A组(1.53±0.25)和B组(1.37±0.23)显著降低(P<0.05);CaV1.3 mRNA相对表达量灰度比值C组(0.50±0.12)和D组(0.32±0.07)分别较A组(1.33±0.05)和B组(1.25±0.03)显著降低(P<0.05)。RyR1蛋白积分光密度值(IA)C组(120.36±25.78)和D组(67.39±30.54)分别较A组(300.96±135.12)和B组(330.38±128.59)显著降低(P<0.05);CaV1.3蛋白IA C组(103.37±39.52)和D组(67.56±20.15)分别较A组(298.68±126.35)和B组(327.35±117.37)显著降低(P<0.05)。雄激素水平与RyR1、CaV1.3在阴茎海绵体平滑肌中的表达水平具有正相关性。结论:雄激素可能通过RyR1、CaV1.3的表达调控阴茎勃起功能。     

血红素氧合酶2在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体内的表达

目的:研究去势大鼠阴茎海绵体血红素氧合酶2(HO-2)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的表达,探讨雄激素与HO-2、eNOS在ED中的作用及相关性。方法:10周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,分为4、8、12周组和正常对照组各10只,实验组采取手术切除双侧睾丸,对照组采取假手术。分别于术后4、8、12周测定大鼠血清睾酮(T)、阴茎海绵体内压(ICP)、平均颈动脉压(MAP),取阴茎标本,采用Western印迹分析阴茎海绵体HO-2含量,免疫组化分析HO-2和eNOS的表达。结果:去势各组血清T水平较正常对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。经3V、5V电压刺激后去势各组ICP/MAP值明显下降(P<0.05)。HO-2在正常和去势大鼠阴茎海绵体组织均有表达,去势4周组HO-2光密度分布曲线下面积(341.50±99.70)较正常组(876±443.36)和去势8周组(705.00±152.74)明显下降(P<0.05),去势8周与正常组之间无显著变化(P>0.05),去势12周没有检测到HO-2的表达。eNOS主要表达于阴茎海绵体血管内皮细胞,去势组eNOS(123.94±30.23)较正常组(421.21±125.12)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。T与eNOS和HO-2表达呈高度正相关(r=0.976、0.946,P均<0.05)。结论:雄激素可能通过影响大鼠阴茎海绵体HO-2、eNOS的表达参与阴茎勃起功能调控。     

老年大鼠阴茎海绵体中P-Erk1/2和P-Akt1激酶的表达

目的:一氧化氮(NO)是阴茎勃起的关键因子,其生成主要由一氧化氮合酶(NOS)调节,而磷酸化Erk1/2(P-Erk1/2)和磷酸化Akt1(P-Akt1)均能调节一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的表达及活性从而影响阴茎勃起。本实验研究P-Erk1/2和P-Akt1激酶在老年大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达,探讨其在老年大鼠勃起功能障碍(ED)发生中的可能作用。方法:A组(2月龄)和B组(18月龄)雄性SD大鼠各10只,测其血清睾酮(T),免疫组化和RT-PCR方法检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中P-Erk1/2和P-Akt1的表达水平。结果:血清T值在B组[(4.73±0.94)nmol/L]较A组[(9.57±1.57)nmol/L]显著下降(P<0.05)。P-Erk1、P-Erk2的mRNA和P-Erk1/2蛋白的相对表达量(积分光密度值IA)在B组(0.95±0.06、0.92±0.05、32.09±8.45)较A组(0.47±0.09、0.61±0.11、7.50±1.81)显著升高(P<0.05);P-Akt1的mRNA和P-Akt1蛋白的相对表达量在B组(0.94±0.05、10.93±3.06)与A组(0.97±0.04、11.67±5.61)无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:P-Erk1/2的过表达可能是老年性ED发生的机制之一。     

细胞外信号调节激酶和蛋白激酶B在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达

目的:研究细胞外信号调节激酶(Erk1/2)和蛋白激酶B(PKB/Akt)在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达及活性,探讨其在去势大鼠勃起功能障碍(ED)发生中的作用机制。方法:20只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组(A组)和去势组(B组),术后4周检测两组大鼠血清睾酮(T)水平,免疫组化及RT-PCR检测磷酸化Erk1/2和磷酸化PKB/Akt活性蛋白(累积光密度/面积,IA/Area)及Erk1/2、Akt mRNA(内参为GAPDH)在大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达。结果:术后4周B组血清T水平[(1.339±0.642)nmol/L]较A组[(10.090±3.026)nmol/L]显著降低(P<0.05),Erk1/2和PKB/Akt在两组大鼠阴茎海绵体中均有表达,Erk1、Erk2的mRNA和磷酸化Erk1/2蛋白的相对表达量在B组(0.840±0.062、0.876±0.141、0.142±0.020)较A组(0.479±0.090、0.599±0.100、0.119±0.029)显著升高(P均<0.05);PKB/Akt mRNA和磷酸化PKB/Akt蛋白的相对表达量在B组(0.974±0.040、0.164±0.036)与A组(0.942±0.054、0.162±0.025)差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:Erk1/2及PKB/Akt在去势组及假手术组大鼠阴茎中均有表达。去势大鼠阴茎海绵体磷酸化Erk1/2表达增强与ED发生有关。     

L型钙离子通道Cav1.3和兰尼碱受体RyR1在老龄大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达

目的:研究L型钙离子通道(Cav1.3)及兰尼碱受体(RyR1)在老龄大鼠阴茎海绵体中的表达,为探索老龄性ED发生机制提供依据。方法:A组(2月龄)和B组(18月龄)雄性健康清洁组SD大鼠各10只,测其血清睾酮,采用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法分析两组Cav1.3和RyR1在阴茎海绵体的表达。结果:血清睾酮值在B组较A组显著下降[(1 356±424)ng/Lvs(2 744±964)ng/L,P<0.05]。免疫组化结果积分吸光度(IA)值B组中Cav1.3蛋白表达较A组显著下降(18.65±8.47vs75.48±14.28,P<0.05),B组中RyR1蛋白表达较A组显著下降(21.37±9.64vs78.23±13.57,P<0.05)。Cav1.3 mRNA在B组阴茎海绵体表达较A组显著下降(0.382±0.046vs1.137±0.415,P<0.05),RyR1 mRNA在B组阴茎海绵体表达较A组显著下降(0.146±0.053vs1.215±0.261,P<0.05)。结论:Cav1.3和RyR1在老龄性大鼠阴茎海绵体中表达的降低可能是老龄性ED的发生机制之一。     

糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体CBS和CSE表达及其意义

目的:内源性硫化氢(H2S)是新发现的气体信号分子,对于平滑肌细胞的舒张具有重要的调节功能。本文探讨糖尿病(DM)大鼠阴茎海绵体组织H2S信号通路及其与DM勃起功能障碍(ED)的关系。方法:8周龄健康雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分成4组:正常对照4周组(A)、DM 4周组(B)、正常对照6周组(C)、DM 6周组(D)。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(50 mg/kg)制作DM模型,对照组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射。测定各组大鼠阴茎海绵体内压/平均颈动脉压(ICPmax/MAP),取阴茎标本测定组织内H2S浓度、免疫组化和Western印迹检测阴茎海绵体组织内胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS)和胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)蛋白含量。结果:电压5V和7 V刺激盆神经节测定ICPmax/MAP比值,B组(0.19±0.03,0.29±0.04)较A组(0.46±0.07,0.68±0.09),D组(0.14±0.04,0.25±0.04)较C组(0.43±0.07,0.65±0.16)均显著降低(P0.05)。各组大鼠血清睾酮水平比较,B组[(359.08±60.06)ng/dl]与A组[(469.19±126.46)ng/dl]比较无显著差异性(P0.05),D组血清睾酮水平[(297.01±96.58)ng/dl]与C组[(470.44±209.28)ng/dl]比较无显著差异性(P0.05)。血浆及阴茎组织内H2S浓度,B组较A组、D组较C组均显著降低(P均0.05)。阴茎海绵体组织内CBS和CSE蛋白表达量,B组较A组、D组较C组均显著降低(P0.05),D组较B组亦显著降低(P0.05)。结论:DM大鼠阴茎海绵体内H2S浓度降低、CBS和CSE表达下降,提示H2S信号系统可能与DM的ED病理机制相关。     

雌激素对大鼠阴道平滑肌细胞兰尼碱受体1和L-型钙通道V1.3表达的影响

目的:研究卵巢去势大鼠阴道平滑肌中兰尼碱受体1(RyR1)和L-型钙通道V1.3(Cav1.3)的表达,以探讨RyR1和Cav1.3与雌激素在女性性功能障碍中的相关性。方法:40只8周龄雌性SD大鼠随机均分成:假手术2周组(A组)、假手术4周组(B组)、去势2周组(C组)和去势4周组(D组)。术后2、4周运用全自动化学发光免疫法测定各组大鼠血清雌激素水平,RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测阴道平滑肌中RyR1和Cav1.3的mRNA及其蛋白表达。灰度比值表示RyR1和Cav1.3的mRNA表达量,积分光密度值表示RyR1和Cav1.3蛋白表达量。结果:血清雌激素水平C组[(0.210±0.026)nmol/L]较A组[(0.505±0.053)nmol/L]显著降低(P<0.01),D组[(0.130±0.031)nmol/L]较B组[(0.476±0.058)nmol/L]显著降低(P<0.01)。RyR1和Cav1.3在各组大鼠阴道平滑肌内均有表达。RyR1mRNA灰度比值C组(0.680±0.073)较A组(0.950±0.064)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(0.220±0.032)较B组(0.890±0.072)显著降低(P<0.01);Cav1.3mRNA灰度比值C组(0.580±0.043)较A组(0.870±0.019)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(0.190±0.020)较B组(0.820±0.021)显著降低(P<0.01)。RyR1蛋白表达积分光密度值C组(96.67±7.75)较A组(123.69±10.66)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(86.45±8.16)较B组(109.31±9.87)显著降低(P<0.01);Cav1.3蛋白表达积分光密度值C组(87.97±6.96)较A组(106.46±8.04)显著下降(P<0.01),D组(69.43±8.30)较B组(97.38±7.56)显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:RyR1和Cav1.3在大鼠阴道平滑肌内均有表达,雌激素可能通过影响大鼠阴道平滑肌中RyR1和Cav1.3的表达参与女性性反应调控。     

淫羊藿苷上调NRF2改善SHR大鼠勃起功能

目的:研究淫羊藿苷是否通过调节核因子类红细胞2-相关因子2(NRF2)通路改善自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的勃起功能。方法:随机将10周龄健康雄性WKY大鼠(WKR)与雄性SHR大鼠分为4组(每组6只,共24只):WKY对照组、WKR+淫羊藿苷组[10 mg/(kg·d)灌胃]、SHR对照组,SHR+淫羊藿苷组[10 mg/(kg·d)灌胃]。4周后,测定大鼠阴茎海绵体最大海绵体内压/平均动脉压(ICPmax/MAP)和阴茎海绵体中NRF2、HO-1、eNOS、P-eNOS、PPAR-γ和DDAH等的含量。结果:各组大鼠体重、血清睾酮水平无明显差异。SHR+淫羊藿苷组中阴茎海绵体组织的ICPmax/MAP、NRF2、HO-1、P-eNOS/eNOS、PPAR-γ、DDAH、NO和cGMP表达显著高于SHR对照组(P<0.05),但显著低于WKR对照组。SHR+淫羊藿苷治疗组阴茎海绵体组织的ADMA表达较SHR对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:淫羊藿苷通过上调大鼠阴茎海绵体NRF2表达,上调HO-1、DDAH和PPAR-γ,抑制ADMA和增加P-eNOS/eNOS比值而改善SHR的勃起功能。     

尼古丁对大鼠阴茎海绵体内源性CO浓度及NOS活性的影响

目的:观察尼古丁对成年雄性大鼠阴茎海绵体内源性一氧化碳(CO)浓度及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响,探讨吸烟对勃起功能损害的可能机制。方法:40只成年雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组,尼古丁注射1个月组、2个月组、3个月组和对照组,尼古丁注射组尼古丁0.5 mg/(kg.d)皮下分别注射1、2、3个月,对照组注射生理盐水。处理后,取阴茎海绵体,用改良双波长分光光度法检测CO浓度,改良Griess法检测NOS活性。结果:对照组CO浓度为(13.66±0.40)μmol/mg prot,NOS活性为(9.72±0.47)U/mg prot。尼古丁注射1个月,CO浓度和NOS活性分别下降为(12.43±0.56)μmol/mg prot和(8.44±0.69)U/mg prot,显著低于对照组(P均<0.01);尼古丁注射2个月,CO浓度和NOS活性分别下降为(11.41±0.52)μmol/mg prot和(7.53±0.24)U/mg prot,显著低于对照组和尼古丁注射1个月组(P<0.01);尼古丁注射3个月,海绵体CO浓度和NOS活性分别下降为(10.52±0.59)μmol/mg prot和(6.64±0.31)U/mg prot,均显著低于对照组和尼古丁注射1个月、2个月组(P均<0.01)。结论:尼古丁可导致成年雄性大鼠阴茎海绵体内源性CO浓度及NOS活性下降,提示内源性CO及NOS参与吸烟引起勃起功能障碍的病理生理过程。     

Single lung transplantation in rats with fatal pulmonary hypertension.

Effects of single lung transplantation on fatal pulmonary hypertension were evaluated in rats receiving a lethal dose of monocrotaline. Inbred rats treated with monocrotaline (80 mg/kg) received a left lung isograft at 4 weeks (n = 9) and at 6 weeks (n = 6), when moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension, respectively, had developed. Medicated (n = 12) and nonmedicated rats (n = 12) served as control animals. Each rat was tested weekly with treadmill for exercise tolerance and oxygen consumption during a 10-week period after medication and after they were killed. Medicated control rats lost exercise tolerance and highest oxygen consumption per unit time consistently to the range of resting value (or 45% of nonmedicated control rats), and all died from severe pulmonary vascular occlusive disease with right ventricular hypertrophy before 10 weeks (right ventricular/left ventricular weight ratio of 1.16). All rats receiving a left lung isograft at 4 weeks survived and regained highest oxygen consumption per unit time (87% of nonmedicated control rats), with the lung transplant receiving 65% (nonmedicated control rats, 39%) of cardiac output and milder right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricular/left ventricular weight ratio of 0.46). Except for one, all rats that received a left lung isograft at 6 weeks tolerated single lung transplantation, but they died soon after reperfusion because of pulmonary edema in the graft that received 58% of cardiac output with right ventricular/left ventricular weight ratio of 0.79. Results of single lung transplantation in rats were dependent on severity of pulmonary hypertension. In rats with moderate pulmonary hypertension, single lung transplantation was successful in reversing exercise intolerance and right ventricular hypertrophy. Single lung transplantation was unsuccessful when pulmonary hypertension was severe in the rat model because increased flow toward the lung transplant resulted in graft pulmonary edema.     

瘦素及其受体在精索静脉曲张模型大鼠附睾组织的表达及意义

目的:探讨瘦素及其受体在精索静脉曲张模型大鼠附睾组织的表达及其意义。方法:将40只SD大鼠随机分为精索静脉曲张(EV)持续4、8周组(EV4、EV8组,每组12只)和相应的假手术对照组(Control 4、Control 8组,每组8只)。采用左肾静脉部分结扎的方法建立精索静脉曲张模型。采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠附睾组织中瘦素及瘦素受体表达情况,采用实时定量PCR法检测大鼠附睾组织中瘦素及瘦素受体mRNA表达量。结果:EV4组、EV8组附睾上皮细胞瘦素及瘦素受体表达分别比Control 4组、Control 8组显著增强(P<0.01);而EV4组附睾上皮细胞瘦素及瘦素受体表达与EV8组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。EV4组、EV8组附睾上皮细胞瘦素及瘦素受体mRNA的表达分别比Control 4组、Control 8组显著增加(P<0.01);而EV4组瘦素及瘦素受体mRNA的表达与EV8组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:精索静脉曲张大鼠附睾组织中瘦素及瘦素受体的表达明显增加,瘦素可能参与了精索静脉曲张引起男性不育的机制。     

Investigation on the histopathological effects of thyroidectomy on the seminiferous tubules of immature and adult rats

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of thyroidectomy on both immature and adult rat testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male albino Wistar rats, 4 weeks old and weighing between 45 and 55 g, were used for this study. The experimental groups were as follows: 2-week control group (group I); 2-week thyroidectomy group (group II); 4-week control group (group III); 4-week thyroidectomy group (group IV); 6-week control group (group V), and 6-week thyroidectomy group (group VI). The control groups included both sham-operated and untreated rats. In groups II, IV and VI, total thyroidectomy was performed under ether anesthesia in all rats at 4 weeks of age. The rats were killed in the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks, respectively, following the thyroidectomy. The testes of each animal were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: In group II, spermatogenesis progressed to meiosis but round spermatids were found to be decreased and pachytene spermatocytes were observed to be increased when compared to group I. Giant pachytene spermatocytes were seen. There were also many degenerated cells of intermediate origin in the seminiferous epithelium. In groups IV and VI, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were normal in appearance, but there was widespread degeneration of the other spermatogenic cells. In addition, some closed lumina covered by degenerated and dead cells were observed. In group II, the mean outer diameter, luminal diameter and area occupied by seminiferous epithelium decreased by 19.74, 32.18, and 28.12%, respectively. In group IV, these data decreased by 23.9, 16.52, and 48.5%, respectively, and in group VI, by 21.10, 19.76 and 40.29%, respectively, when compared with the control groups. These data were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid hormones could have a marked influence on the seminiferous tubules of both immature and adult rats, and their permanent lack results in a depression in seminiferous tubule growth as shown by the reduced outer and luminal diameters and area occupied by the seminiferous epithelium, which could give rise to degenerative changes in the spermatogenic cells of thyroidectomized rats. In addition, all these changes could also result from both the inability of Sertoli cells to support spermatogenic cells and the diminished levels of GH and FSH.     

谷氨酰胺和精氨酸对大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的:研究谷氨酰胺（Gln）和精氨酸（Arg）对大鼠肝纤维化的影响。方法:CCl4诱导Wistar大鼠6周建立肝纤维化动物模型，共30只动物随机分为对照组、Gln处理组和Arg处理组，每组10只。至8周结束时观察各组大鼠肝脏大体观、胶原蛋白含量和肝纤维化的程度。结果:大鼠肝纤维化模型至8周结束时，无1例死亡。Gln组肝脏纤维化最严重，对照组次之，Arg组最轻。结论:Gln加重了大鼠肝纤维化，而Arg明显减轻大鼠肝纤维化。     

External urethral sphincter activity in diabetic rats

AIM: To examine the temporal effects of diabetes on the bladder and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity in rats. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into two groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and age-matched controls. Cystometrograms (CMGs) were taken under urethane anesthesia and electromyograms (EMG) of the EUS were evaluated in all rats at 6 and 20 weeks after diabetes induction. After EMG assessment, the tissues of the urethra were harvested for morphological examination. RESULTS: Diabetes caused reduction of body weight, but an increase in bladder weight. CMG measurements showed diabetes increased threshold volume, contraction duration, high-frequency oscillations (HFO), and residual volume. Peak contraction amplitude increased in 6-week but not 20-week diabetic rats. EUS-EMG measurements showed increased frequency of EUS-EMG bursting discharge during voiding in 6-week diabetic rats (8.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.6/sec) but not in 20-week (5.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.0 +/- 0.2/sec) diabetic rats compared with controls. EUS-EMG bursting periods were also increased in both 6-week and 20-week diabetic rats compared with controls. EUS-EMG silent periods were reduced in 6-week diabetic rats, but were not changed in 20-week diabetic rats compared with controls. Active periods did not change in 20-week diabetic rats, but increased in 6-week diabetic rats compared with controls. Morphometric analysis showed atrophy of the EUS after 20 week but not 6 weeks of DM induction. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicates diabetes causes functional and anatomical abnormalities of the EUS. These abnormalities may contribute to the time-dependent bladder dysfunction in diabetic rats.     

四氯化碳、硫代乙酰胺和猪血清诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型的比较

目的：比较采用四氯化碳（CCl4）,硫代乙酰胺（TAA）及猪血清诱导3种方式制备大鼠肝纤维化模型的效果和特点。方法：将72只SD大鼠随机均分为：CCl4组,TAA组,猪血清组及对照组,分别每周2次皮下注射40% CCl4（0.5 mL/100 g）,0.03% TAA（200 mg/kg）,猪血清（0.5 mL/只）和生理盐水（0.1 mL/kg）。观察大鼠一般情况及体重变化;在造模第3,6,9周末,测定大鼠血清中的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,谷氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）,丙二醛（MDA）,透明质酸（HA）水平;取肝组织进行HE染色,观察肝组织结构变化,并对肝纤维化程度进行分级和评分。结果：CCl4,TAA组大鼠体重增加量均明显低于对照组（均P<0.05）,而猪血清组与对照组间体重增加量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;TAA组3个时间点ALT浓度均明显升高（均P<0.05）,而CCl4组和猪血清组ALT无明显升高。CCl4组AST浓度在第3周明显升高（P<0.05）,但在第6,9周有所下降,TAA组3个时间点AST浓度均明显升高（均P<0.05）,猪血清组AST浓度无明显升高。3个实验组MDA和HA浓度在3个时点间均有所升高（均P<0.05）,两者均在TAA组升高最明显;3个实验组第9周均可见不同程度的肝细胞颗粒样变,汇管区纤维组织异常增生;与对照组比较,3个实验组的肝纤维化分级和SSS计分差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,第9周时,TAA组的SSS计分高于CCl4组（P<0.05）,而CCl4组的SSS评分高于猪血清组（P<0.05）。结论：3种方法均可诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,TAA效果略优于CCl4。猪血清法造模对动物整体损伤较轻微。     

结缔组织生长因子在大鼠移植肺急性排斥反应期的表达及意义

目的检测结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）在大鼠移植肺内的表达,并探讨其与移植肺纤维化关系。方法Wister大鼠15只为供体,SD大鼠15只为受体,进行原位左肺移植,1周后取其中10例移植肺标本作为实验组;10例健康Wister大鼠肺标本作为对照组,采用免疫组化方法检测CTGF在肺组织中的表达,同时采用HE及Van Gieson染色观察肺组织病理形态;并进行纤维化的半定量评分。结果移植肺组织内有大量炎性细胞浸润;肺间质纤维组织增生,部分肺泡组织破坏;CTGF在移植肺组织中有明显表达,而正常肺无表达。结论在肺移植术后的急性排斥反应期CTGF有明显表达,且可能参与移植肺纤维化的病理过程。     

Effect of testosterone on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats

Aim： To determine whether testosterone is involved in morphine withdrawal syndrome （WS）. Methods： In order to induce dependency, rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of morphine （days 1-2, 5 mg/kg; days 3-5, 7.5 mg/kg; days 6-8, 10 mg/kg）, and after the last dose of morphine （day 8） WS was induced by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone （1 mg/kg）. Wet dog shake （WDS）, abdomen writhing （AW）, and jumps （J） were recorded as indicators of WS. Results： The severity of WDS, AW, and J in male rats was greater than that in females. Accordingly, in 4-week castrated and flutamide-treated （10 mg/kg/day for 8 days, i.p.） male rats, WDS, AW, and J were significantly decreased compared to male control rats. Testosterone replacement therapy （10 mg/kg/day for 8 days, i.m.） in 4-week castrated rats restored the severity of WDS, AW, and J behaviors to the level of non-castrated male rats, whereas testosterone potentiated the WDS behavior in non-castrated male rats. Conclusion： It can be concluded that testosterone might be effectively involved in morphine WS.     

血红素氧合酶在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达

目的:研究血红素氧合酶(HO)在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达,探讨其在雄激素缺乏的勃起功能障碍发生中的机制。方法:40只10周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成:假手术2周组(A组),假手术4周组(B组),去势2周组(C组),去势4周组(D组)。术后2、4周检测血清睾酮水平,免疫组化及RT-PCR技术检测HO及nNOS在大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达。结果:去势组大鼠较假手术组血清睾酮水平显著下降,[AvsC:(283.222±117.171)ng/dlvs(7.117±3.700)ng/dl;BvsD:(289.280±87.413)ng/dlvs(48.826±19.477)ng/dl](P<0.01)、HO-1、HO-2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01),去势组HO-1、HO-2及nNOSmRNA表达较假手术组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:雄激素可能通过HO-CO系统部分调控阴茎勃起功能。