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1.
Na-Kyoung?Lee Ji?Yeoun?Lee Kyu-Chang?Wang Dong?Gyu?Kim Sung-Hye?Park Jung-Eun?Cheon Ji?Hoon?Phi Seung-Ki?Kim
Introduction
Primary melanocytic lesions of the central nervous system originate from leptomeningeal melanocytes, with a spectrum ranging from well-differentiated benign meningeal melanocytomas to malignant melanomas. Atypical melanocytomas are borderline tumors, which have clinical and pathological characteristics between benign melanocytomas and malignant melanomas. Melanocytomas are rare in children and infrequently arise from the cavernous sinus. Approximately five patients with such an origin site have been reported.Materials and methods
We report a 15-year-old girl with an atypical melanocytoma arising from the cavernous sinus. She underwent partial resection of the tumor and postoperative gamma knife surgery (GKS). She is stable 39 months after surgery.Conclusion
We discuss the first pediatric case with an intracranial atypical melanocytoma arising from the cavernous sinus.2.
Pamela Youssef Marios Loukas Jens R. Chapman Rod J. Oskouian R. Shane Tubbs 《Child's nervous system》2016,32(2):243-251
Background
Pain of spinal origin contributes significantly to cervical, thoracic, and lower back pain presentations. Such pain originates in the nerve fibers supplying the joints or the surrounding ligaments and intervertebral discs. Although there has been little detailed discussion of spinal bony innervation patterns in the literature, the clinical implications of these patterns are anatomically and medically significant.Methods
The present review provides a detailed analysis of the innervation of the spine, identifying the unique features of each part via online search engines.Conclusions
The clinical implications of these various studies lie in the importance of the innervation patterns for the mechanism of spinal pain. Immunohistochemical studies have provided further evidence regarding the nature of the innervation of the spine.3.
4.
Introduction
Thrombosis is frequently observed in Galen malformation, but propagation of thrombosis resulting in the disappearance of the aneurysmal malformation is a very rare clinical condition.Case report
A rare case of spontaneous regression and disappearance of the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VoGAM) in a pediatric patient with repeated generalized seizure, increased head circumference, and congestive heart failure is recorded. The course of regression from infancy to 8 years of age has been depicted. Radiological studies initially demonstrated VoGAM complicated by an intra-cerebral hemorrhage and hydrocephalus, which later underwent spontaneous regression. Long-term clinical and radiological follow-up is presented.Discussion
Different conditions including hemodynamic alteration, compression of adjacent hematoma, and narrowing of related vascular structures have been described to cause thrombosis of VoGAM. The relevant literature to address possible mechanism is reviewed.5.
M. Dennis D. Jewell R. Hetherington B. J. Spiegler D. L. MacGregor J. M. Drake R. P. Humphreys F. Gentili 《Child's nervous system》2009,25(11):1447-1453
Objective
The objective of the study was to measure upper limb motor function in young adults with spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) and typically developing age peers.Method
Participants were 26 young adults with SBM, with a Verbal or Performance IQ score of at least 70 on the Wechsler scales, and 27 age- and gender-matched controls. Four upper limb motor function tasks were performed under four different visual and cognitive challenge conditions. Motor independence was assessed by questionnaire.Results
Fewer SBM than control participants obtained perfect posture and rebound scores. The SBM group performed less accurately and was more disrupted by cognitive challenge than controls on limb dysmetria tasks. The SBM group was slower than controls on the diadochokinesis task. Adaptive motor independence was related to one upper limb motor task, arm posture, and upper rather than lower spinal lesions were associated with less motor independence.Conclusions
Young adults with SBM have significant limitations in upper limb function and are more disrupted by some challenges while performing upper limb motor tasks. Within the group of young adults with SBM, upper spinal lesions compromise motor independence more than lower spinal lesions.6.
Background
Few studies have examined potential disparities in access to transportation infrastructures, an important determinant of population health.Purpose
To examine individual- and area-level disparities in access to the road network, public transportation system, and a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada.Methods
Examining associations between sociodemographic variables and access to the road network, public transportation system, and a public bicycle share program, 6,495 adult respondents (mean age, 48.7 years; 59.0 % female) nested in 33 areas were included in a multilevel analysis.Results
Individuals with lower incomes lived significantly closer to public transportation and the bicycle share program. At the area level, the interaction between low-education and low-income neighborhoods showed that these areas were significantly closer to public transportation and the bicycle share program controlling for individual and urbanicity variables.Conclusions
More deprived areas of the Island of Montreal have better access to transportation infrastructure than less-deprived areas.7.
Background
The predictive coding/biased competition (PC/BC) model of V1 has previously been applied to locate boundaries defined by local discontinuities in intensity within an image.Objective
Here PC/BC is extended to perform contour detection for colour images. Methods The proposed extensions are inspired by neurophysiological data from single neurons in macaque primary visual cortex (V1).Results
The behaviour of this extended model is consistent with the neurophysiological experimental results. Furthermore, when compared to methods used for contour detection in computer vision, the colour PC/BC model of V1 slightly outperforms some recently proposed algorithms which use more cues and/or require a complicated training procedure.Conclusions
The colour PC/BC model of V1 can successfully simulate the responses properties of orientation-selective double-opponent neuron in macaque V1 and has practical applications for contour detection in natural images.8.
9.
Background
Barriers to HIV medication adherence may differ by levels of dosing schedules.Purpose
The current study examined adherence barriers associated with medication regimen complexity and simplification.Methods
A total of 755 people living with HIV currently taking anti-retroviral therapy were recruited from community services in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed audio-computer-assisted self-interviews that assessed demographic and behavioral characteristics, provided their HIV viral load obtained from their health care provider, and completed unannounced phone-based pill counts to monitor medication adherence over 1 month.Results
Participants taking a single-tablet regimen (STR) were more likely to be adherent than those taking multi-tablets in a single-dose regimen (single-dose MTR) and those taking multi-tablets in a multi-dose regimen (multi-dose MTR), with no difference between the latter two. Regarding barriers to adherence, individuals taking STR were least likely to report scheduling issues and confusion as reasons for missing doses, but they were equally likely to report multiple lifestyle and logistical barriers to adherence.Conclusions
Adherence interventions may need tailoring to address barriers that are specific to dosing regimens.10.
Background
Although the sociomedical importance of epilepsies has been extensively investigated, data regarding social long-term outcome and quality of life of people with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) are lacking.Objectives
Predictors for the psychosocial outcome and the quality of life in patients with IGE are identified and discussed.Materials and methods
The findings of existing studies on the social outcome in patients with various IGE syndromes are analyzed and discussed.Results
Patients with absence epilepsy or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are reported to have an unfavorable psychosocial outcome. While in JME a lower seizure frequency or remission of the epilepsy correlates with a favorable psychosocial outcome and a higher quality of life, remission of epilepsy is not predictive for a better social outcome among patients with absence epilepsy. Compared to other IGE syndromes, IGE with generalized, tonic–clonic seizures on awakening appears have a more favorable psychosocial outcome.Conclusion
Several predictors for the psychosocial outcome and the quality of life have been identified and may potentially increase the clinicians’ ability and confidence to recommend different treatment options to patients with IGE.11.
Yonca Anik Ihsan Anik Erdem Gonullu Nagihan Inan Ali Demirci 《Child's nervous system》2007,23(10):1199-1202
Introduction
Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rarely seen, sporadic disorder with a wide range of abnormalities including asymmetrical overgrowth, skin lesions, dysregulated adipose tissue, and vascular malformations. Brain and spinal malformations are extremely rare; syringohydromyelia and arachnoid cyst have not been reported previously.Materials and methods
We present a 5-year-old girl with PS having severe central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including craniocutaneous lipomatosis, hemimegalencephaly, arachnoid cyst, and syringohydromyelia.12.
Mariah Lafleur Seth Strongin Brian L. Cole Sally Lawrence Bullock Rajni Banthia Lisa Craypo Ramya Sivasubramanian Sarah Samuels Robert García 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2013,45(1):122-130
Background
California law has standards for physical education (PE) instruction in K-12 public schools; audits found that the Los Angeles Unified School District did not enforce the standards. In 2009, the district adopted a PE policy to comply with these standards.Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the PE policy in district schools.Methods
PE class observations were conducted using the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 school years in an income-stratified random sample of 34 elementary, middle, and high schools to assess changes in PE class size, class duration, and time students spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity.Results
PE class duration increased in high-income elementary schools. Mean class size decreased in low-income middle schools.Conclusions
There was limited implementation of the PE policy 2 years after passage. Opportunities exist to continue monitoring and improving PE quantity and quality.13.
Eloise Crush Louise Arseneault Helen L. Fisher 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(12):1413-1417
Purpose
To investigate whether social support is protective for psychotic experiences similarly among poly-victimised adolescent girls and boys.Methods
We utilised data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative sample of 2232 UK-born twins. Participants were privately interviewed at age 18 about victimisation, psychotic experiences, and social support during adolescence.Results
Perceived social support (overall and from friends) was found to be protective against psychotic experiences amongst poly-victimised adolescent girls, but not boys. Though boys were similarly protected by family support.Conclusions
Social support-focused interventions targeting psychotic phenomena amongst poly-victimised adolescents may be more effective for girls.14.
Hua Bai Sonja A. Wilhelm Stanis Andrew T. Kaczynski Gina M. Besenyi 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2013,45(1):39-48
Background
Parks are important resources for physical activity (PA), yet few studies have examined how perceptions of park characteristics relate to PA and health.Purpose
This study investigated associations between perceptions of neighborhood park quality and overall moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), park-based PA, and body mass index (BMI).Methods
Data were collected via questionnaire from 893 households in Kansas City, Missouri.Results
The newly developed neighborhood park quality scale demonstrated good test–retest and internal reliability. Residents’ perceptions of neighborhood park quality were related to PA and health outcomes. Perceiving parks as a benefit was positively related to overall MVPA and park-based PA and negatively related to BMI. Perceptions of well-used parks were positively related to BMI, while perceived cleanliness was negatively related to park-based PA.Conclusions
Better measuring and understanding how perceptions of local parks are associated with PA and health can improve appreciation of how parks facilitate active living.15.
16.
Marcy Yonker 《Current neurology and neuroscience reports》2018,18(9):61
Introduction
Headaches are a common occurrence in childhood and adolescence. Most children presenting with a chief complaint of headache have a self-limited infectious disorder or primary headache syndrome that should not require extensive workup.Purpose of Review
Differentiating these conditions from other more serious causes of headache in children can sometimes be difficult. This article aims to provide information regarding “red flags” that should indicate a need for concern for disorders that require more urgent evaluation.Recent Findings
Long-held beliefs about specific “red flags” that have been analyzed in recent years as to their validity and new criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been elaborated based on study. These publications are reviewed in this article.Summary
Knowledge of past and current literature on secondary headache in children, combined with thorough history taking and examination, should help determine when there is concern for a serious secondary cause for headache in children and adolescents and direct workup.17.
Background
Diet-related environmental and policy interventions are being advocated at a population level because individual change is more likely to be facilitated and sustained if the environment within which choices are made supports healthful food options.Purpose
This study aims to review research that examines factors having an influence on food choices in social environments, physical environments, and macroenvironments.Methods
A snowball strategy was used to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies and reviews, with a focus on research completed in the US and published within the past 10 years.Results
Research has identified a number of environmental factors associated with dietary intake; however, the majority of completed studies have methodological limitations which limit their credibility to guide interventions and policy changes.Conclusions
Future research will need to emphasize multilevel investigations, examine how associations vary across population subgroups, develop a standard set of measures for assessing food environments and policies, and improve dietary assessment methodology.18.
Loic Sigwalt Emeline Bourgeois Ahmad Eid Chantal Durand Jacques Griffet Aurélien Courvoisier 《Child's nervous system》2016,32(5):873-876
Purpose
Giant cell tumors (GCT) are benign primary bone tumors, locally aggressive, affecting in long bones in young adults during the third decade. It is rare to experience this lesion in skeletally immature patients. GCT are related to a risk of local recurrence and malignant transformation.Method
We report a rare case of a giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine in a skeletally immature girl presenting with a painful right scoliosis.Results
MRI, CT scan, and bone scintigraphy were discordant and the percutaneous biopsy non-contributive.Conclusion
A marginal “en bloc” resection was performed and revealed the GCT. Based on a literature review, the diagnosis and the surgical management of this case are discussed.19.
Tanja Laukkala Susanne Heikinheimo Aki Vuokko Ilkka S. Junttila Katinka Tuisku 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(5):537-540
Purpose
To evaluate the association between two measurement tools (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, SOFAS and Sheehan Disability Scale, SDS), returning to work (RTW) and their inter-correlation.Methods
132 psychiatric patients referred to assessment of work ability participated. The association between SOFAS and SDS Work to RTW were assessed by logistic regression. Inter-correlations between SOFAS and SDS were assessed with the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient.Results
SOFAS and SDS Work scores were associated with a 1-year RTW and SOFAS and SDS were inter-correlated.Conclusions
When assigning the ability to work, both subjective and objective measures of function predict RTW.20.
Julien Laussu Christophe Audouard Anthony Kischel Poincyane Assis-Nascimento Nathalie Escalas Daniel J. Liebl Cathy Soula Alice Davy 《Neural development》2017,12(1):10